• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

본 연구는 충남 보령시에 위치하고 있는 총 15개 양돈농장 10,394 복의 번식모돈을 대상으로 2007년 4월부터 2008년 3월(1년간)까지 전산경영기록 자료 중 번식능력과 이유성적을 조사 분석하여 양돈농가의 생산성향상을 위한 번식모든의 경영지표 설정에 필요한 기초적 자료를 얻고자 실시하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균 상시 모돈수는 314.10두로 가족노동 경영규모보다는 비교적 컸다. 계절간의 상시 모든 사육두수는 유의한 차이가 없이 비슷한 수준으로 사육하고 있었다. 평균 분만률은 78.77%로 보통 수준으로 조사되었다. 계절간 분만률은 유의한 차이 (p<0.05)가 있었는데, 여름 분만률이 가장 높고 겨울은 가 장 낮았다. 2. 평균 복당 산자수는 11.04두로 비교적 양호하였다. 계절간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없으나 여름 산자수는 다소 높고, 겨울에는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 포유개시두수는 평균 10.22로 조사되었으며, 계절간에는 유의한 차이가 없이 서로 비슷한 성적을 보였다. 3. 평균 이유두수는 9.23두로 다소 낮은 성적이었다. 계절별로는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없이 서로 비슷한 경향을 보였다 평균 이유 일령은 25.77일로 보통 수준으로 나타났다. 계절간의 이유 일령은 유의한 차이는 없으나 겨울에는 26.25일로 다소 이유 일령이 긴 경향을 보였다. 그리고 이유 자돈의 육성률은 91.48%로 다소 낮은 성적으로 조사되었다. 계절간 간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였는데, 역시 겨울에 89.22%의 육성률로 낮은 결과를 가져왔다. 4. 평균 모들 회전율은 2.25회로 보통수준으로 조사되었다. 계절간에는 유의한 차이는 없이 서로 비슷한 평균치를 나타났다. 연간 자돈생산 두수는 평균 20.75두로 비교적 낮은 성적을 보였다. 계절간에는 유의성 있는 차이 (p<0.05)가 있었는데, 봄과 여름보다는 가을과 겨울 두수가 저조하였다. 그리고 출하체중은 평균 110.46kg으로 나타났으나 계절간에는 유의한 차이가 없이 겨울 출하체중은 다소 가벼운 경향을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various feeding regimens on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, nitrogen retention, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and feed cost in young pigs weaned at 21 days of age. One hundred twenty crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Large White${\times}$Duroc, average 6.8 kg BW), weaned at 21 days of age, were allotted to 5 treatments in a 5 replicates by a randomized completely block (RCB) design. Treatments were as follow: 1) 1P (1-4 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%), 2) 2P-I (1 week: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 2-4 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 3) 2P-II (1-2 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 3-4 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 4) 2P-III (1-3 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 4 week: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 5) 3P (1 week: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 2-3 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%, 4 week: CP 19% and lysine 1.30%). Three different diets were formulated and supplied according to phase feeding programs. Diet 1 contains 23% crude protein and 1.60% lysine, diet 2 contains 21% crude protein and 1.45% lysine and diet 3 contains 19% crude protein and 1.30 lysine, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in growth performances, there was a beneficial effect of 3 phase feeding. The ADG was higher in 3P treatment than other treatments and it was observed clearly in late period (3-4 weeks) than in early period. Also, with increase in age, growth rate of pigs in 3P treatment was higher than that in 1P treatment approximately 37% (p=0.1379). There were no significant differences among all treatments in nutrient digestibility. The concentration of BUN was higher in pigs were fed diet containing 21% crude protein and 1.45% lysine (eg, 2P-1 and 3P) than those supplied diet containing high nutrient value at 2 week. The lowest feed cost/kg weight gain of pigs showed in 3P among treatments (p<0.05) whereas, high feed cost/kg weight gain of pigs was calculated in 1P and 2P-II treatments compared with 2P-I and 2 P-II (p<0.05), because of high milk products were used in those diet.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2017

The present study investigated the impacts of mating age of gilts (A1, < 230 days; A2, 230 - 249 days and A3, $250{\leq}days$) on reproductive performance and litter size of sows at farrowing to weaning. A total of 102 crossbred gilts ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$; average days old, 90 days) were purchased from a commercial breeding company. After identification of third estrus, the gilts were artificially inseminated using semen of Duroc boars. Pregnant pigs were allotted to one of three groups including A1, A2, and A3. Experimental diets and water were fed ad libitum during each experimental period which included the first, second, and third parities. Backfat thickness (BFT) of sows was higher in A3 at farrowing in the first parity than in others. At weaning time in the second parity, sows in A3 group showed a numerically higher BFT than those in A1. There was no effect of mating age on the total number of piglets born and total weaned piglets. There was a tendency to decrease the wean-to estrus-interval in the first parity as age increased at mating. Results obtained in the present study indicate that the first mating age does not affect the subsequent parites' reproductive performance; however, weaned to estrus interval tended to decrease in A2 at the first parity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.987-992
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. A total of 88 weaned pigs ($6.94{\pm}0.76kg$ body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (sex as a block). The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 3-phase feeding program with declining diet complexity and with phases of 1, 2, and 3 wk, respectively. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen before weaning and on d 7 after weaning. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 29 to 35 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were growth performances, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy, white and red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, and incidence of diarrhea. The PKE increased average daily gain (ADG) (246 vs 215 g/d; p = 0.06) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (470 vs 343 g/d; p<0.05) and decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) (0.522 vs 0.628 g/g; p<0.05) during phase 2 compared with CON, but did not affect growth performance during phase 1 and 3. During overall experimental period, PKE increased ADG (383 vs 362 g/d; p = 0.05) and ADFI (549 vs 496 g/d; p<0.05) compared with CON, but did not affect G:F. However, no differences were found on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy between CON and PKE. The PKE reduced frequency of diarrhea (15% vs 25%; p = 0.08) for the first 2 wk after weaning compared with CON. Similarly, PKE decreased white blood cells (8.19 vs $9.56{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p = 0.07), red blood cells (2.92 vs $3.25{\times}10^6/{\mu}L$; p = 0.09), and packed cell volume (11.1% vs 12.6%; p = 0.06) on d 7 after weaning compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of farm, type of sow Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire, LY; Yorkshire${\times}$ Landrace, YL; Yorkshire${\times}$Yorkshire, YY and multi-cross bred sow, MBS), parity, farrowing year, farrowing season and mating method on reproductive traits such as total number born per litter, number of born alive per litter, number of weaned per litter, number of mummified per litter, number of stillbirth. The Reproductive Records of 3,387 litters from January, 1999 to September, 2002 were obtained from four pig farms managed by Electronic Data Processing(EDP) system. Reproductive performances for two types of F1 Sows(YL and LY) were estimated as 11.34${\pm}$0.266 and 11.57${\pm}$0.263 heads for total number of born per litter, 10.56${\pm}$0.216 and 11.81${\pm}$0.251 heads for number of born alive per litter, and 10.05${\pm}$0.131 and 9.96${\pm}$0.153 heads for number of weaned per litter, respectively. These records are significantly higher(P〈0.05) than those of YY and MBS. However, number of mummified per litter, number of stillborn per litter, number of dead by diarrhea per litter, number of dead by other reasons during lactating period per litter and estrus interval did not show significant difference between types of sows. There were more total number of born per litter and number of weaned per litter in year 2001 than other year. As year passed, number of dead by crush per litter, number of dead by diarrhea per litter and number of dead by other reasons during lactating period per litter reduced from 0.18${\pm}$0.023 to 0.07${\pm}$0.022 head, 0.12${\pm}$0.21 to 0.02${\pm}$0.020 head and 0.43${\pm}$0.041 to 0.22${\pm}$0.040 head, respectively and weaning rate increased from 0.94${\pm}$0.005% to 0.97${\pm}$0.005%. The total number of born per litter and number of born alive per litter were higher(P〈0.05) in the case of mating twice than mating once. The number of weaned per litter, number of mummified per litter and number of stillborn per litter were not significant(P〈0.05) between mating methods. Estrus interval was shorter on the occasion of twice artificial insemination(5.24${\pm}$0.153days) than twice natural mating(6.51${\pm}$0.466days).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.267-277
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• 1996

Effect of DHA-rich fish oil on brain development and learning ability has been studied in Sprague Dawley rats. Female rats were fed experimental diets containing either corn oil fish oil at 10%(w/w) level throughout the gestation and lactation. Corn oil was added in fish oil diet to supply essential fatty acid at 2.3% of the calories. All male pups were weaned to the same diets of dams at 21-days after birth. Plasma fatty acid composition was analyzed for dams and pups at 21-days, 28-days and 22-weeks after birth. The analysis of DNA and fatty acid profile in the brain were undertaken at birth, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days and 22 weeks after birth and learning ability was tested at 18-20 weeks of age. Regardless of dietary fats, arachidonic acid(AA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) were the principal polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain. Rats fed CO diet showed a continouus increase of AA content in the brain from 10.9%(at birth) to maximum 15.3% level (14-days old), while the rars fed FO diet showed 78-79% of CO group throughout the period. Rats fed FO diet showed higher incorparation of DHA from 15.2% at birth to a maximum level of 18.5% at 140days, while the rats fed CO diet showed only 7.0% incorporation of DHA at birth and a maximum level of 11.1% at 21-days. Compared to CO group, FO group showed lower ratio of chol/PL and higher content of DHA in brain microsomal membrane, resulting in better membrane fluidity. Total amount of DNA per gram of brain was reached maximum level at 21 days in both groups. This would be a period of the cell proliferation during brain development. Overall, the rats fed fish oil diet showed a higher incorporation of DHA and membrane fluidity in the brain and better learning performances (p<0.05).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

본 연구는 충남 당진군소재 대규모 양돈장에서 2007년 7월 1일부터 2008년 6월 30일까지 762복의 후보모돈에 대한 실내 외 돈방별 사육환경이 초산차 번식 및 이유형질에 미치는 효과를 조사 분석하여 양돈농가의 모든 생산성 향상을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였으며, 그 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실내 외 사육장소간에는 유의한 차이없이 서로 비슷한 임신기간으로 각각 116.11일과 116.12일로 나타났다. 분만율은 운동장사육 후보돈에서 92.54%로 군사방 후보모돈 91.57% 보다 약간 높은 경향이었으나, 두 집단간에 유의성은 없었다. 2. 총산자수는 운동장사육 모돈 10.44두, 군사돈방 모돈 9.46두와 포유개시두수는 운동장사육 모돈이 9,77두, 군사돈방 모돈이 8.59두로 조사되었다. 운동장사육 후보모돈에서 군사돈방 후보모돈 보다 총산자수는 0.98두, 그리고 포유개시두수는 1.18두로 유의하게 양호한 성적을 보였다(p<0.001). 3. 사산수(율)는 운동장 후보모돈이 0.22두(2.10%), 군사돈방 후보모돈이 0.33두(3,53%)로 운동장사육 후보 모돈이 유의하게(p<0.01) 양호하였다. 운동장사육 후보모돈과 군사돈방 모돈의 도태두수는 각각 0.23두(2.27%)와 0.26두(2.77%)로써 서로 비슷한 성적을 보였다. 그리고 미이라 발생두수에서도 운동장과 군사돈방이 각각 0.21두(2.0%)와 0.28두(2,29%)로 사육 돈방간에 유의성 없이 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 4. 이유두수는 군사돈방보다 운동장에서 사육한 후보모돈이 1.22두가 유의적으로(p<0.001) 높은 성적을 보였다. 이유일령은 운동장과 군사돈방에서 각각 22.39일과 23.21일로써, 군사돈방 후보모돈보다 운동장 사육 후보모돈에서 유의적으로 짧았다(p<0.001). 자돈 이유육성율은 운동장과 군사돈방 후보모돈에서 각각 97.13%와 96.65%로 두 사육집단간에는 유의성 있는 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 보면 군사돈방에서 사육한 후보모돈보다 운동장사육 후보모돈이 초산차의 번식능력이나 이유성적 등이 비교적 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1711-1717
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• 2011

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of glutathione (GSH) on health, solid feed consumption, nutrient intake, body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency, blood metabolites and the occurrence of diarrhea in Holstein neonatal calves. The calves were fed plain milk as a control (CON) or milk with GSH supplementation. Sixteen calves were separated from their mothers immediately after birth, moved into individual cages and fed colostrum for the first three days. For GSH supplementation, three grams of GSH powder were mixed in 1.8 L of heat-treated milk and placed in a plastic bottle with a rubber nipple. The calves were fed GSH-supplemented milk only once out of four daily feedings. For the first 25 d, calves were fed 1.8 L of milk four times per day. Milk feeding frequency was reduced to three times per day from days 26 to 30, followed by twice a day from days 31 to 44, and once a day from days 45 to 49, after which they were weaned at day 50. Body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption, and growth performance were monitored until day 70. The dietary supplementation of GSH had no effect on daily feed intake and growth performance in growing calves. Hematological results revealed red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was lower, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly higher in calves fed GSH. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were lower in calves fed GSH. Rectal temperature at day 70 was higher in calves that did not receive GSH, while mean frequency of diarrhea and enteritis was less in calves fed GSH. It is concluded from the present study that BW gain, total dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency, and breathing rate did not differ between groups. However, there were some positive blood parameters and the mean frequency of diarrhea and enteritis was less in calves fed GSH compared to CON which did not receive GSH. With the results obtained, supplementation of GSH is highly recommended.