• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.196-213
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• 2019

본 논문은 2018년 가계금융복지조사 원자료를 대상으로 기존 O-B(Oaxaca-Blinder) 요인분해를 일반화하고 정교화한 가중화 및 RIF(Recentered Influence Function) 회귀 기반의 2단계 O-B 요인분해 기법을 사용하여 순자산 불평등의 수도권과 비수도권 격차 요인들을 분석한다. 이는 소득, 연령, 교육, 가구유형 등과 같은 사회 경제적 요인들의 지역 간 분포 차이가 순자산 불평등의 지역 간 격차에 어떻게 기여했는지를 밝히는 것이다. 자료의 한계에도 불구하고, 분석 결과는 소득, 이혼, 농림어업과 기능조립직, 다문화가구 변수들의 지역 간 차이는 순자산 불평등의 수도권과 비수도권 간 격차를 심화시키지만, 상용직, 관리전문사무직, 서비스판매직, 가구규모 변수들은 그 격차를 완화시키고, 생애주기의 지역 간 차이는 상쇄적인 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to verify the association between wealth or income level and health status after adjusting for other socio-economic position (SEP) indicators among Korean adults aged 45 and over. Methods : Data were obtained from the 1st wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (households: 6,171, persons: 10,254). We used self-rated health status and activities of daily living (ADLs) as dependent variables. Explanatory variables included both net wealth measured by savings, immovables, the other valuated assets and total income including pay, transfer, property and so on. Binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships. Also, in order to determine the relative health inequality across economic groups, we estimated the relative index of inequality (RII). Results : The inequality of health status was evident among various wealth and income groups. The wealthiest group (5th quintile) was much healthier than the poorest group, and this differential increased with age. Likewise, higher income was associated with better health status among the elderly. However, these effects, as measured by the odds ratio and RII, showed that wealth was more important in determining health status of elderly people. Conclusions : This study suggests that economic capability plays a significant role in determining the health status and other health-related problems among the elderly. Particularly, our results show that health status of the aged is related more closely to the individual s wealth than income.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-34
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• 2018

본 논문은 2010년대 한국의 소득불평등 구조와 그의 변화를 분석하기 위하여 새로운 전체적인(holistic) 이론적 논의를 제시하고 그에 기초한 경험적 분석을 시도한다. 사회학, 노동경제학과 페미니즘에서 이루어진 불평등에 관한 논의는 특정한 영역의 불평등을 중심으로 하는 국지적 불평등에 초점을 맞추었다. 사회 불평등은 국지적 불평등을 넘어서는 전체적인 차원의 불평등에 대한 논의를 필요로 한다. 이는 이들 국지적 불평등을 통합하는 통합적 접근을 필요로 하며, 계급, 노동시장, 인구와 가족 차원의 논의를 포괄한다. 회귀분석 기반 불평등 분해 방법을 활용하여, 전체적 불평등에 영향을 미치는 젠더, 교육, 고용상의 지위, 직업, 가구구성과 재산이 전체 불평등에 기여하는 정도를 분해하여 분석한다. 본 연구는 기존의 국지적 불평등 연구에서 밝혀진 요인들 이외에 기존의 논의에서 간과된 가구 구성과 재산이 소득 불평등에 커다란 영향을 미친다는 점을 밝힌다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.67-89
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• 2004

이 논문에서는 아버지 학력이 개인의 교육투자에 미치는 영향을 살펴보며, 개인의 노동시장 성과를 (i)직업선택 (ii)노동력상태의 선택으로 설정한 후, 가족 배경(또는 가족의 재산 소득)의 대리변수로서의 아버지 학력이 본인의 학력수준과 본인의 노동시장 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보게 된다. 아버지 학력은 본인의 교육수준에 상당한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 동시에 아버지 학력은 본인의 직업선택에도 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 Blau and Duncan, 방하남 김기헌의 연구 결과와 다르며, 이 분야에 새로운 기여가 된다. 또한 이 논문은 부모의 학력은 본인의 비경제활동인구화에의 경향성을 낳음을 보고한다. 따라서 교육, 직업선택을 통한 부모 재산 소득불평등의 대물림과 비경제활동인구화로 인하여, 부모의 재산 소득의 현재소비로의 유실이라는 불평등 대물림 단절이 동시에 진행되고 있음을 이 논문은 제시하고 있다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

As societal interest in inequality increases in Korea, both public and academic discussion on inequality is also on the rise. In order to more effectively discuss the problems of rising inequality, however, it is essential to study the consequences and implications of inequality. This study examines one of the consequences of inequality, particularly on individuals - the relationship between an individual's perception of inequality and his/her evaluation of societal health, such as social trust and social mobility. According to a statistical analysis of the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey for Social Sciences (KAMOS), those who perceive the level of income and wealth inequality in Korea as more unequal tend to have a lower level of trust toward Korean society and Korean people, as well as a lower expectation for both intra- and intergenerational social mobility. This study, which shows that rising inequality could have a negative impact at the individual level, not only extends the scope of the consequence-of-inequality studies from the society-oriented toward the individual-oriented, but it also has significant implications for the field, suggesting a new direction for future studies.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제50권
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• pp.131-172
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• 2018

오늘날 아프리카 사회에서는 신부대 관습이 지극히 왜곡된 형태로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 현상은 남성 지배적인 문화, 서구 종교 및 자본주의 경제 체제가 부정적으로 결합한 결과다. 이것은 신부대가 '전통'과 '근대성'의 충돌과 갈등 속에서 끊임없이 재구성되었음을 의미한다. 신부대 관행이 생계 방식, 조혼, 일부다처제, 친족(가족) 구조, 빈곤, 이주 노동 등과 서로 밀접하게 얽혀 있는 것도 사실이다. 자본주의 경제 체제하에서 신부대는 점점 상업화되고 있다. 이에 따라 신부대의 전통적 상징성은 약화하고 있는 반면, 여성이 물화되는 경향은 강해지고 있다. 신부대의 상업화는 여성 인권 침해, 양성 불평등, 가정 폭력 등을 부추기는 결과를 초래한다. 행위 주체들은 성별, 세대, 계층, 종족 등의 인구학적 사회경제적 배경에 따라 신부대를 다르게 인식한다. 자본주의의 영향으로 신부대가 상업화될수록, 이 제도를 부정적으로 인식하는 사람도 더욱 늘어나게 될 것이다. 신부대라는 관습의 빛깔은 이것을 실천하는 주체들이 사회경제적 변화에 어떤 식으로 반응하느냐에 따라 달라진다. 그들은 주어진 환경 속에서 신부대를 끊임없이 재해석하고 재구성할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2018

Objectives: Obesity is a considerable and growing public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in western Iran. Methods: A total of 10 086 participants, aged 35-65 years, from the Ravansar Non-communicable Disease Cohort Study (2014-2016) were included in the study to examine socioeconomic inequalities in obesity. We defined obesity as a body mass index ${\geq}30kg/m^2$. The concentration index and concentration curve were used to illustrate and measure wealth-related inequality in obesity. Additionally, we decomposed the concentration index to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in obesity. Results: Overall, the prevalence of obesity in the total sample was 26.7%. The concentration index of obesity was 0.04; indicating that obesity was more concentrated among the rich (p<0.001). Decomposition analysis indicated that wealth, place of residence, and marital status were the main contributors to the observed inequality in obesity. Conclusions: Socioeconomic-related inequalities in obesity among adults warrant more attention. Policies should be designed to reduce both the prevalence of obesity and inequalities in obesity by focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, urban residents, and married individuals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6965-6969
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• 2013

Background: Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidity and mortality. Understanding pattern of socioeconomic equalities in tobacco consumption in India will help in designing targeted public health control measures. Materials and Methods: Nationally representative data from the India Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed. The survey provided information on 69,030 respondents aged 15 years and above. Data were analyzed according to regions for estimating prevalence of current tobacco consumption (both smoking and smokeless) across wealth quintiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted the impact of socioeconomic determinants on both forms of current tobacco consumption adjusting for other socio-demographic variables. Results: Trends of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption across wealth quintiles were significant in different regions of India. Higher prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption was observed in the medium wealth quintiles. Risk of tobacco consumption among the poorest compared to the richest quintile was 1.6 times higher for smoking and 3.1 times higher for smokeless forms. Declining odds ratios of both forms of tobacco consumption with rising education were visible across regions. Poverty was a strong predictor in north and south Indian region for smoking and in all regions for smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions: Poverty and poor education are strong risk factors for both forms of tobacco consumption in India. Public health policies, therefore, need to be targeted towards the poor and uneducated.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of fiscal transfer, specifically the Village Fund Transfer, on rural income inequality and rural poverty. Studies on fiscal transfer offers contrasting outcomes, some argues that fiscal transfer suppresses wealth disparity, while others argue that it tends to widen disparity. This study employs descriptive analysis in estimating the elasticity of income inequality and poverty rate before and after the Village Fund Transfer. It develops multiple regressions model on panel datasets of 33 provinces in Indonesia before and after the implementation of Village Fund Transfer. This study suggests that the elasticity of income inequality is higher after the implementation of village fund transfer. Rural poverty tends to decline annually, however, the elasticity changes is lower after the implementation of village fund transfer. Furthermore, this study suggests that village fund transfer is insignificant in coping with the issue of income inequality, while education and the level of labor productivity of agricultural sector appears to be the determinant factor in tackling the issue of income inequality in the rural areas. This study further reveals the significance of village fund transfer in suppressing the rural poverty rate. This study also highlights the significance of human resources quality and agricultural sector in reducing poverty rate in rural areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.214-223
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• 2019

Objectives: Equity in financial protection against healthcare expenditures is one the primary functions of health systems worldwide. This study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequality in facing catastrophic healthcare expenditures (CHE) and to identify the main factors contributing to socioeconomic inequality in CHE in Iran. Methods: A total of 37 860 households were drawn from the Households Income and Expenditure Survey, conducted by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2017. The prevalence of CHE was measured using a cut-off of spending at least 40% of the capacity to pay on healthcare services. The concentration curve and concentration index (C) were used to illustrate and measure the extent of socioeconomic inequality in CHE among Iranian households. The C was decomposed to identify the main factors explaining the observed socioeconomic inequality in CHE in Iran. Results: The prevalence of CHE among Iranian households in 2017 was 5.26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.04 to 5.49). The value of C was -0.17 (95% CI, -0.19 to -0.13), suggesting that CHE was mainly concentrated among socioeconomically disadvantaged households in Iran. The decomposition analysis highlighted the household wealth index as explaining 71.7% of the concentration of CHE among the poor in Iran. Conclusions: This study revealed that CHE is disproportionately concentrated among poor households in Iran. Health policies to reduce socioeconomic inequality in facing CHE in Iran should focus on socioeconomically disadvantaged households.