• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2012

Other-regarding preferences (such as trust, reciprocity and altruism) between companies, between consumers and retailers, and between employers and employees are integral elements in determining economic performance. Social trust which is a core element of social capital, especially, is known to reduce transaction costs, help solve collective action problems, and contribute to economic, social, and political development. Therefore, social trust has been given a great deal of attention across an array of academic disciplines for its role in promoting cooperation among individuals and groups, and for its positive influence on economic performance. Most studies describe Korea as a low-trust society than Japan or China. To identify the causes of social trust, this paper focuses on differences of social values (perception on competition and wealth accumulation) in 4 countries (Japan, China, Korea, and United States). Based on World Values Survey data, this paper analyzes effects of the social values on social trust. Social trust was measured by degree to which a respondent thinks that most people can be trusted. Perception on competition was measured by the degree to which a respondent thinks that competition is harmful, and perception on wealth accumulation was done by the degree to which a respondent thinks that wealth can grow so there is enough for everyone. The results showed that social trust was affected by perception on competition and wealth accumulation. A respondent showed higher level of social trust when he (or she) perceived positively competition and wealth accumulation. For enhancing social trust in a country, it is not easy to reduce income inequality and corruption which were reported as causes of social trust by previous studies. Compared to them, social values can be changed more easily by various concrete measures like education and mass-media. Differently from previous studies this paper stresses the concrete measures to enhance social trust in a country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1147-1154
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• 2021

The study aimed to investigate the impact of the microfinance program on loan borrowers' asset accumulation. In doing this, the study used descriptive and statistical methods to achieve the objectives. Primary data were collected from 192 respondents from Bangladesh using survey questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression model. The result revealed that the majority of the borrowers said their assets such as farm, land, and livestock remained the same, which implies that microfinance borrowers still lag behind accumulating household assets. However, in the case of housing conditions and household appliances, there was a marginal increase. The regression result provides evidence that, among other factors, the amount of loan received from microfinance institutions and time duration with them is the most significant role-playing factor for borrower's sustainable well-being. The age and education level of borrowers are identified as positively related to asset accumulations, but not substantially so. Moreover, training provided by microfinance institutions is not effective and influential for microfinance borrowers' wealth accumulation, which is evidenced by the findings. This study's insights are worthwhile for any microfinance institution's decision-makers, development partners, and government to stress the shortcomings and accelerate the borrower's wealth status.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.296-300
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• 2011

It's well known that housing is one of the largest holdings in household wealth and at the same time the majority of households highly concentrate on it for their wealth accumulation. Coupled with a low interest rate and increasing housing price, the rationale is conspicuous and the propensity to debt-financed consumption becomes strengthened. This research was to examine the risk of home financing. In doing so, the study utilized several secondary data to identify the characteristics of households who finance loans for home buying in three regions of the nation - so-called Bubble 7, Seoul Metropolitan Area, and others. Based on the 2009 KB survey, the major findings were as follows: the majority of the studied households in Seoul Metropolitan Area who owned a house lived in rental housing, housing accounted for 89% of the household wealth, and home loans taken on were a ballon payment amortized for a short-term period (5 years) with an adjustable interest rate. In addition, the payment method most of the households depend on is income. The financing mechanism fueled debt load of the households, and further they are financially very vulnerable to such factors as increase in interest rate, unemployment and market downturn. In the absence of understanding the financial system, the consumption behavior leads to house-poor, so that financial accountability and ethics are addressed while the intervention of the government in home financing system should be more cautious but stimulate financial soundness in household wealth accumulation.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.181-205
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate some Influencing factors related to the wealth perception and property increase of 519 women in Seoul. The research was conducted from the end of February 15 to the beginning of January 20, 2009. The figures obtained were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, x-test, t-test, F-test, chi-square, and Duncan's F-test with SPSS pc+ The major findings of who study are summarized as follows: l.There were significant differences between the wealth recognition (economic plan affirmative and negative perception of wealth) for women according to social and psychological variables; economic plans have a higher value for married women, older women, those who have followed a postgraduate university course, those with higher income and expenditure, higher life satisfaction, and high and middle satisfaction with their economic life. In particular, economic plans varied significantly according to expectation of wealth in old age, and future economic prospects in the middle group. 2. Increased wealth and economic according to social and psychological variables (marital status, age, education, income, expenditure, life satisfaction, satisfaction with economic life, expectation of wealth in old age, future economic prospects) were shown to be associated with the following methods of increasing property: use of savings banks (p<.001) showed a rate of deposit of 20%-40% (p<.001) saving and thrift was a practice (p<001) that was related to the cost of living; and education expenditure (p<.001) as a property preparation period was exhibited in women aged 25-30 (p<.001). 3. There were significant differences in the recognition of wealth according to strategies for increasing wealth. There were no significant differences between mean of property acquisition and point of expenditure or the property preparation period in the perception of wealth. The related variables in rate of deposits were under 20% according to economic plan and negative wealth perception. In contrast, in the middle and high group, the economic plan and negative wealth perception were 20%-40% in relation to the rate of deposits. Variables related to the action of saving and thrift and property acquisition were practiced in the low and middle group of affirmative wealth recognition and the high group of negative wealth perception. The high group for wealthrecognition and the low group for wealthnegation exhibited little savings, thrift, and property accumulation. Those variables which point an expenditure the cost of living were education expenditure in all groups of negative wealth perception. The women in the study practiced more soundness economic planning according to their increased wealth and economic strategy. This study suggests that women should have positive wealth perception in their lives.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1995

To determine contribution rate to matrimonial wealth accumulation of urban housewives, a survey was made toward them by using questionaires from September 1994 to October 1994. Three hundred-eighteen housewives were randomly selected from Pusan area. The results obtained were as follows. Average contributing rate to household income was 65.7 percent for husbands and 34.3 percent for wives. The contribution rates evaluated by themselves of wives were 38.1 percent for the house property; 36.5 percent for the savings; 9.6 percent for the real estate; 5.2 percent for the land; 9.3 percent for the stocks & bonds; and 9.2 percent for others. It is suggested that 50 percent and over 50 percent of matrimonial properties have to be recognized to the wives who changed their occupations to house work and employed wives, respectively.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to examine generational distinctions of housing investment and household wealth for two different age cohorts - 'baby-boomers' and 'eco-boomers'. In so doing, national survey data of two different periods were analyzed and the primary results are summarized as follows; aggregate assets of both generations have risen, and the rising household debt for baby-boomers was related to loans for living expenses while eco-boomer's debt was ascribed to home-buying loans. In the midst of economic slowdown, the age cohorts had conservative asset allocation in preference for risk-averting investment like savings. The main purpose of saving and investment was distinctive across the groups? retirement for baby-boomers and home purchase for eco-boomers. Both groups prioritized reduction of household liabilities and also were cautious on investing in real estate. Still home-buying was considered to be an important driver for asset accumulation. While baby-boomers were unwilling to dispose any form of owned real estate, eco-boomers found it challenging to take on a long-term investment like home-buying, especially in economic uncertainties. Rather the young generation would diversify asset allocation with better-returning investment commodities like stocks, bonds and derivatives.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 1983

In sequential capital allocation processes, the information on the future availability (flexibility) of invested funds provides a decision maker with additional insight into the characteristics of alternatives. The investment decision with consideration of flexibility and profitability results in more wealth accumulation than the decision without considering flexibility does in sequential investment processes. To utilize the information on the flexibility under certainty, the PV/FI decision model is developed.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.323-357
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• 2009

본 연구는 고령자 노동지위가설과 사회적 지위획득모델의 한계를 보완하고 통합하여, 노후 노동지위에 미치는 생애과정의 메커니즘을 조명하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 60세 이상 남성근로자의 노동지위는, 직종은 대부분이 농어업이거나 단순노무직이고, 고위직 (준)전문가는 소수에 불과하였다. 종사상 지위도 상용직과 고용주는 4.4%에 불과한 반면, 약 70%가 임시일용직과 자영업이며, 약 60%는 연 천만원 이하의 저임금근로자였다. 대부분의 고령자는 노후에도 고위직을 유지한다는 노후풍요가설이 적용되는 경우는 소수에 불과함을 말해준다. 둘째, 약 20%가 5천만원 미만의 재산을 가지고 있는 반면, 9.3%는 6억 이상의 재산을 소유하여 격차가 크다. 노후풍요가설처럼 대부분의 사람이 노후에 필요한 적절한 부를 축적하였다고 보기 어렵다. 그리고 재산은 교육수준에 따라 차이가 커서, 부의 축적은 사회적 지위획득모델이 더 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 교육수준에 따라 생애노동경력뿐 아니라, 노후 노동지위가 달랐다. 넷째, 경로분석결과, 교육수준은 생애노동경력과 재산을 매개로 노후 노동지위에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 교육수준이 낮은 사람은 생애노동경력이 불안정하고, 재산이 적으며, 노년에도 일은 하지만 저임금, 낮은 사회적 직종, 불안정한 고용형태에서 근무하였다. 생애불평등이 노년에도 지속됨을 보여주는 것이다. 따라서 교육기회의 불평등과 비정규직과 영세자영업 확산을 축소시키고, 불안정 고용이 덫이 되지 않도록 제반 여건을 마련해야 한다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

In recent years, genomic resources and information have accumulated at an ever increasing pace, in many plant species, through whole genome sequencing, large scale analysis of transcriptomes, DNA markers and functional studies of individual genes. Well-characterized species within key plant taxa, co-called "model systems", have played a pivotal role in nucleating the accumulation of genomic information and databases, thereby providing the basis for comparative genomic studies. In addition, recent advances to "Next Generation" sequencing technologies have propelled a new wave of genomics, enabling rapid, low cost analysis of numerous genomes, and the accumulation of genetic diversity data for large numbers of accessions within individual species. The resulting wealth of genomic information provides an opportunity to discern evolutionary processes that have impacted genome structure and the function of genes, using the tools of comparative analysis. Comparative genomics provides a platform to translate information from model species to crops, and to relate knowledge of genome function among crop species. Ultimately, the resulting knowledge will accelerate the development of more efficient breeding strategies through the identification of trait-associated orthologous genes and next generation functional gene-based markers.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2013

삼한시대 영남지방의 소국 가운데 하나였던 경주는 한반도의 남동쪽에 치우쳐 있음에도 불구하고 천년 동안 고대국가의 수도로 유지되고 성장하였다. 전 세계에서 유래가 드문 이와 같은 사례는 경주 지역에 살았던 사람들의 정치적 능력과 지혜 등 다양한 요인에 기인하지만, 이들이 살았던 지역의 자연환경도 크게 영향을 미쳤을 것이다. 경주에서 고대국가의 성립과 발전을 소백산맥과 태백산맥, 단층선과 선상지의 분포, 해안 분포 특성과 관계지워 논의하였다. 지형 특성은 경주 지역에 경작지 확보를 통한 풍부한 곡물의 공급, 높은 인구부양력과 거대 도시의 입지를 가능하게 하였다. 경주는 동해안에서 결절율이 가장 높은 위치를 점하여 소금과 철제품의 생산과 유통을 통해 부를 축적하고, 우월한 군사적 입지로 주변국과의 경쟁에 유리한 위치를 차지했다. 경주는 지형특성으로 인한 입지적 장점으로 고대국가의 중심지가 되었다.