• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 1978

Cholic, ursodesoxycholic, chenodesoxycholic, desoxycholic and hydesoxycholic acids were dissolved in the propylene glycol to make solution and then above solution of cholanic acids on bile secretion was investigated by injection those solutions into small intestine of rabbits and albino rats. The cholates in bile juice from rabbits injected with cholic acid were remarkably increased and therefore it exhibited a typical choleretic action. In view of pharmacological point, desoxycholic acid is considered as superior hydrocholeretic agent, and ursodesoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids have similar effect in decreasing order. However, the effect of bile secretion by hyodesoxycholic acid was almost negligible as that by propylene glycol administered. The cholate content in the bile juice from albino rat was increased by cholic and desoxycholic acids in decreasing order: i.e., they exhibited choleretic action. In the case of ursodesoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids, the concentration of cholate was slightly increased in bile juice from the rat, so that these cholates showed a weak choleretic action. While total output of bilirubin was increased by chenodesoxycholic acid, the other cholanic acid showed no effect in the rabbit.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1326-1331
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• 2006

The precast concrete deck is one of suitable solutions for replacement and new construction in urban area. However, the precast concrete deck could be a weak point of the steel plate girder bridges structurally due to the connections between precast panels in the longitudinal direction. Thereafter, it is necessary for improvement of durability and load carrying capacity to introduce the prestress force in the longitudinal direction Some cracks of connections at the precast concrete deck may be occurred due to live loads, the difference of temperature and long-term effects. The shrinkage and creep of concrete may significantly affect long-term behaviors which occur tensile stresses at the precast concrete deck of steel plate girder bridges. In this study, the time-dependant analysis program has been developed to determine the initial prestress force in the longitudinal direction considering loss of stress at the precast concrete deck. Also it has been estimated the initial prestress force by construction stages and shapes of girder.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.654-657
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• 1995

A series of excitation spectra (7Fo→5Do transition) of Eu(Ⅲ) ion in aqueous solution ([Eu(Ⅲ)]=1.12 × 10-2 mol L-1; pH 1.0 to 7.0) were obtained under CO2 free atmosphere using a pulsed tunable dye laser system. The broad and low intensity spectra (peak maximum: 578.89 nm) showed that the trivalent ion (Eu3+) underwent a low degree of hydrolysis at pH below 6.0. Eu(Ⅲ) hydroxo complex formation seemed more significant at pH above 6.0, shown by the occurrence of intense new peak at 578.63 nm. The spectra of those solutions prepared in N2 atmosphere showed no signs of the presence of interfering carbonate species. The Eu(Ⅲ) hydroxo complex formation was not observed when complexation studies between Eu(Ⅲ) ion and weak organic acids (e.g. glutarate and diglycolate) were conducted at pH 6.0 or below.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.94-104
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• 2004

This paper proposed a new method to evaluate service quality attribute of perceived service quality in public sectors, using triangle fuzzy numbers and hamming distance. Our method measured the ratio of the expected and perceived service for the customers' perceived service quality. By using fuzzy numbers, This method not only overcomes linguistic variable problems but also provides more objective and direct information for service quality attributes. The discrepancy rate between expected service and perceived service that is perceived service quality is evaluated by hamming distance. To evaluate the discrepancy rate from hamming distance, we induced general solutions to compute the intersection area between two triangle fuzzy numbers and the weak or strong attributes in public sectors are clarified.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

For the monitoring of structures, it is desirable for the measurement system to deliver equal precision in all components. When using GPS the accuracy, availability, reliability and integrity of the position solutions is very dependent on the number and geometric distribution of the available satellites. Therefore the positioning precision is not the same in all there component, and large variations (in positioning) precision can be expected during a 24-hour period. This situation becomes worse when the line-of-sight to GPS satellites becomes obstructed, such as in urban environments. Pseudolites can be sed to augment GPS and improve a geometrically weak satellite constellation. The use of pseudolites as supplement(s) of GPS for the movement measurement of bridges is demonstrated in this paper. It is shown that pseudollites can improve the vertical position components.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.239-263
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• 2019

The $Calder{\acute{o}}n$-Zygmund type estimate is proved for elliptic obstacle problems in bounded non-smooth domains. The problems are related to divergence form nonlinear elliptic equation with measurable nonlinearities. Precisely, nonlinearity $a({\xi},x_1,x^{\prime})$ is assumed to be only measurable in one spatial variable $x_1$ and has locally small BMO semi-norm in the other spatial variables x', uniformly in ${\xi}$ variable. Regarding non-smooth domains, we assume that the boundaries are locally flat in the sense of Reifenberg. We also investigate global regularity in the settings of weighted Orlicz spaces for the weak solutions to the problems considered here.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2021

Spent activated carbons (SACs) collected from a water treatment plant were regenerated and then adopted as electrochemical material in capacitors. The SACs used in this study were regenerated via two steps, namely thermal and chemical activation. However, during the activation process, the adsorbates were converted into ashes, which caused pore blockage and decreased specific surface area. The regenerated SACs were washed with acid solutions with different levels of acidity (strong: HCl, mild: H₃PO₄, and weak: H₂O₂) to remove the ashes. The regenerated SACs washed with HCl exhibited the highest specific surface area, although their capacitance was not the highest. Conversely, the specific surface area of regenerated SACs washed using H₃PO₄ was slightly lower than that of HCl, but exhibited higher capacitance and electrochemical stability. Although the strong acid removed the generated ashes in the pores efficiently, it could adversely affect their structural stability, which would lead to lower capacitance.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.869-890
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• 2022

We develop a rigorous mathematical framework for studying dynamic behavior of cracked beams and shallow arches. The governing equations are derived from the first principles, and stated in terms of the subdifferentials of the bending and the axial potential energies. The existence and the uniqueness of the solutions is established under various conditions. The corresponding mathematical tools dealing with vector-valued functions are comprehensively developed. The motion of beams and arches is studied under the assumptions of the weak and strong damping. The presence of cracks forces weaker regularity results for the arch motion, as compared to the beam case.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.192-199
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• 2003

Trimethylglycine, commonly named betaine, is the most simple amphoteric molecule. It is completely vegetal (1,2), as it is produced in the sugar industry by industrial chromatography of molasses. While abundantly used in foods and diet supplements, many interesting applications in cosmetics have recently been investigated, like its capability to increase the volume and stability of foams in surfactant solutions. For its special chemical structure (it is the internal salt of a weak acid and a strong alkali) trimethylglycine is a solvent and buffering agent for strong acids and Lewis' acids. It allows to improve the efficiency of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-hydroxy acids in increasing the physiological rate of epidermal cell renewal, while keeping a low skin-irritation level. In oral care cosmetics, it acts as a mucous membrane protectant (3). For its special water co-ordination capability, its solubilising power, polymer swelling capability, after-feel improvement in hair products, skin moisturization and elasticity enhancing properties, trimethylglycine provides unusual characteristics to many products intended for skin maintenance (4).(omitted)

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 2023

In this paper we prove the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to the boundary value problem -G₁u = u³ + f(x, y, u) in Ω, u ≥ 0 in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain with smooth boundary in ℝ³, G₁ is a Grushin type operator, and f(x, y, u) is a lower order perturbation of u³ with f(x, y, 0) = 0. The nonlinearity involved is of critical exponent, which differs from the existing results in [11, 12].