• 정신신체의학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2008

연구목적 : 본 연구는 말기 신질환으로 혈액투석을 받는 환자들에서 일상 생활에서 흔히 경험하는 경한 스트레스의 요인(minor stressor)의 빈도와 영향 및 취약성, 스트레스 대처방식의 특성, 주관적인 삶의 질의 관계를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 통해 말기 신질환 환자들의 정신건강 및 삶의 질 향상을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하려 한다. 방법 : 혈액투석을 받는 환자 77명을 대상으로 하였다. 일상생활사건인 minor stressor와 관련된 스트레스의 정도와 대응기전을 나타내는 일상생활 스트레스 척도(Daily Stress Inventory Korean version, K-DSI)와 스트레스 대처방식 질문지(Ways of Coping Checklist)를 각각 사용하여 평가하였다. 삶의 질은 간편형 세계보건기구의 삶의 질 척도(World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument)로 평가하였다. 결과 : 연구 참여인원은 77명(남자 37명, 여자 40명)이었고, 평균 연령은 $55.92{\pm}13.71$세였다. K-DSI의 사건, 영향, 영향/사건 비 점수는 평균 $29.06{\pm}21.57$점, $88.69{\pm}75.88$점, 그리고 $2.92{\pm}1.11$점으로 K-DSI의 규준 점수와 비교하여 높은 점수를 보였다. 대인관계, 개인능력, 인지, 환경 및 기타 스트레스의 다섯 하위요인별 점수도 규준 점수보다 높았으며, T 점수 비교에서는 사건 점수가 각각 54, 53, 81, 50, 57, 영향 점수는 각각 71, 88, 94, 69, 53으로 그 중 인지 스트레스 요인 점수가 사건, 영향 점수 모두 현저히 높았다. 스트레스에 대한 취약성을 나타내는 K-DSI의 영향/사건 비와 대처 방식 중 소극적 대처 방식 점수는 유의한 양의 상관을 보였다(소망추구 사고, 정서중심 대처 각각 r=0.431, r=0.225, p<0.05). 또한, 적극적 대처방식 중에서 문제해결 대처방식 점수는 삶의 질 척도의 신체건강(r=.294, p<0.01), 심리(r=.300, p<0.01), 사회관계(r=.233, p<0.05), 및 환경 하위요인(r=.293, p<0.05)과 유의한 양의 상관을 보였다. 결론 : 혈액 투석을 받는 만성 신질환자들은 일반 인구에 비해 경한 스트레스 요인(minor stressor)에 대한 영향을 현저히 많이 받고, 적극적 대처방식인 문제중심 대처와 삶의 질은 양의 상관을 보인다. 또한, 경한 스트레스 요인(minor stressor)에 대한 취약성이 높을수록 적극적 대처방식보다는 정서중심 및 소망추구 등의 소극적 대처방식을 더 많이 사용하고 있다. 혈액 투석 환자들의 스트레스를 평가할 때 일상생활에서 흔히 경험하는 경한 스트레스 요인에 대한 스트레스(minor stress) 평가와 대처방식이 함께 고려되어야 할 것이다. 더 나아가 혈액투석 환자들의 장기 치료 접근에 있어서 스트레스 관리와 대처기술 훈련을 포함한 치료가 병행되어야 환자들의 삶의 질 향상에 효과가 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1307-1314
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing Symptoms of Stress among hospital staff nurses. Method: Data was collected by questionnaires from 249 hospital staff nurses in three General Hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The score of the symptoms of stress showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of work stress(r=.22, p=.00). The symptoms of stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of social support(r=-.28, p=.00), self efficacy(r=-.31, p=.00), and hardiness(r=-.24, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of symptoms of stress was social support and the variance explained was $16\%$. A combination of social support, ways of coping, and work stress account for $32\%$ of the variance in symptoms of stress among hospital staff nurses. Conclusion: This study suggests that social support, ways of coping, self efficacy, hardiness, and work stress are significantly influencing factors on symptoms of stress among hospital staff nurses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.389-412
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• 1994

This study was done to investigate stress and coping methods of mothers with brain disease children. The subjects for this study were obtained by taking a sample of mothers with brain disease children hospitalized in neurosurgery ward of K medical center in Seoul from Nov. 20, 1992 to Mar. 10, 1993. The collected date were analized by S.P.S.S. program(frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation). The results of the study were as follow. 1. The mean of the degree of mothers' stress was 3.681. Of the stress categories, illness treatment (4.216) was highest, and the next were in order of ill-ness status and prognosis(4.154) , family relation-ships and personal roles(3.202), interpersonal relationships(2.916). 2. The mean of the degree of mothers' coping method was 2.930. Of the coping method categories, communication with medical team or parents in similar situations(3.332) was highest, and the next were in or-der of family cooperation and optimistic thought about the situation(3.241), reforcement of self esteem and maintenance of psychological stability(2.538). 3. There was not seen a stastically significant correlation between stress factors and coping methods of mothers. But with categories, the higher the stress to illness status and prognosis was, the hight coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in similar situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2776, P=.046) . And the higher the stress to illness treatment was, the higher coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in simial situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2727, P=.049). 4. With the difference of stress according to mothers' general characteristics, religion and monthly income shew a statically significant difference. The mothers' group who have a religion shew the higher degree of stress(t=-3.17, P=.003), The group who get the most income shew highest degree of stress (F=.4693, P=.0156). With the difference of coping according to mothers' general characteristics, the most support-ing person, satisfaction with husbands and mothers' own health status shew a statistically significant difference. The group who get the most support from parents-in-law(F=3.7508, P=.013), the group who are much satisfied with husband(F=3.589, P=.016), and the group whose health status are good(F=3.3675, P=.046), shew the highest coping degree. 5. There were no significant difference in degree of stress and coping by children's characteristics The significance of the study will be concluded as follows. 1. Investigating the stress factors, which mothers are perceiving, it will be utilized as the basic materials of nursing plan so as to reduce the stress of mothers. 2. In searching for the ways of mothers' more helpful coping methods, it shows the necessity of the active nursing intervention for the mothers in the process of coping with their stress. That is, the nurse should serve the earnest nursing as counselor, supporter, educator, and information - provider. 3. Recogning mothers as well as children with brain disease as a client, the nurse will be able to help the mother, who is taking care of the children, cope with the stress situation well, and to make a contribution to the recovery, rehabilitation, and health of the children and to the enhancement of the family' health.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.529-544
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• 1994

For most parents their child's illness and hospitalization is strssful. Internal stress and over anxiousness leads to uncertainty. Parents have a variety of ways of coping when faced with such stress factors, especialy when the child has cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between uncertainty in illness and mastery and coping styles in parents of pediatric cancer patients, and further to identify differences between three groups of subjects. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used in this study to investigate the relationship among the three groups. The sample was composed of 59 parents of children with cancer in pediatric wards in three hospitals in Seoul : 21 in Group 4 with a child newly diagnosed with cancer : 25 in Group B, with a child under treatment and rehospitalized with a relapse : and 13 in Group C, with a child with a terminal cancer, A formalized questionnaire which included demegrapic information and consisted of 75 items was used in this study ; The Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale(PPUS) adapted form Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Pearlin & Schooler's Mastery Scale(MS) and Folkman & Lazarus’s Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) were used to measure the variables : uncertainty in illness, mastery, and coping styles. A pretest was conducted on the questionnaire items for reliability. The results gathered were analyzed using SPSS /PC/sup +/. Data analysis included descriptive correltional statistics such as ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, amd chi square test. The conclusions of this analysis are summarized as follows : 1. A higher level of uncertainty was seen among parents of children with terminal cancer. 2. The first hypothesis that uncertainty in illness would differ among the three groups was supported(F=4.182, P=.020). The second and third hypotheses that mastery and coping styles would differ among the three groups were not supported. There was a correlation between uncertainty, mastery, and coping styles which was positive, also there was a positive correlation between mastery and coping style(r=.3744, P<.001) but a negative correlation between uncertainty md mastery(r=-.4749, P<.01). From the above results, it can be concluded that prediciting and controlling uncertainty in illness by considering coping styles and mastery are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.415-426
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 중·고등학생 자녀를 양육하고 있는 결혼이주여성을 대상으로 자녀양육에서 나타나는 스트레스 발생요인과 이에 따른 대처방안이 무엇인지 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 서울·경기지역에서 중·고등학생 자녀를 양육하고 있는 결혼이주여성 7명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 결혼이주여성들의 스트레스 발생요인에는 개인요인, 가정요인, 사회적요인 그리고 문화적응요인이 있었다. 둘째, 스트레스 발생요인별 대처방안을 살펴보면 그들은 개인요인의 자기효능감에서 문제중심적인 대처를 하지만, 부모역할관에 있어서는 정서중심적인 대처를 하고 있었다. 또한 가정요인인 자녀의 활동성과 사회성은 자녀들의 학교생활적응과 엄마의 양육스트레스에 많은 영향을 주며 상황에 따라 각각 다른 대처방안을 나타냈다. 사회적 요인에 있어서 그들은 시댁의 사적 지지체계를 적극 활용하는 등의 문제중심적 대처방안을 사용하였고, 친정을 통해 정서적 위로를 받는 등 정서중심적 대처방안을 사용하였다. 그리고 문화적응요인인 주변의 시선이나 편견에 대해서는 회피, 무시, 망각 등을 드러냈고 이러한 요인에 대해서는 정서중심적인 대처를 하고 있었다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to study how college students cope with their stress and how the level of their self-differentiation affects degrees of stress and stress-coping strategies. The questionnaires were handed to 497 college students at Y university in Gyeongbuk Province and the data were analyzed in terms of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-coefficient, frequency and percentage, t-test, and regression analysis by using the SPSS statistical package. The results of this study were as follows: 1. For stress level, degree of self-differentiation and stress coping strategies of the college students, the average scores were 3.56, 2.53 and 3.49, respectively in 5-point Likert Scale, indicating that the students possess the above-average score for the degree of self-differentiation and stress-coping strategies and the below-average score for stress levels. 2. From examination of difference verification of stress levels based on the degree of self-differentiation and effect of degree of self-differentiation on stress levels, it was found that the higher is the degree of self-differentiation the lower is the stress level. 3. From examination of difference verification of stress-coping strategies according to the degree of self-differentiation and effect of degree of self-differentiation levels on stress coping strategies, we found that the students of higher degree of self-differentiation exercise the more active stress coping strategies. These results show that the degree of students' self-differentiation is a significant variable that influences their stress levels and stress control methods. It is thought that students' self-differentiation functions to minimize their stress and to actively cope with their stressful situation and that a high degree of self-differentiation is a significant mediator variable that is beneficial to students' mental health. It follows from the above observations that while college students in this study seem to possess good degrees of self-differentiation and stress coping capabilities and low stress levels they need to seek for the ways to improve their degree of self-differentiation by seeing into themselves and relationships with others around them. Parents, schools and consultation agencies are required to take an active hand to educate and encourage them to cope with their stress positively.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the degree of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support, stress coping strategies, and self-esteem in patients with PTSD. Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In PTSD patients, total CAPS scores showed a significant positive correlation with HAM-A and HAM-D scores and a significant negative correlation with MSPSS scores. RSES scores showed a significant positive correlation with MSPSS and SCQ scores. MSPSS scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing and HAM-D scores. SCQ scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing. Conclusion : These results revealed that the better the stress coping strategies and social support, the lower the degree of symptoms in patients with PTSD. In addition, it was found that the higher the social support and self-esteem, the lower the degree of depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the treatment process, it seems important to identify and correct the self-esteem, social support system, and stress coping strategies of patients with PTSD.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2015

본 연구는 대학생의 자기효능감 수준에 따른 대인불안과 스트레스 대처방식의 차이를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료는 2013년 5월부터 6월까지 6개 대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 400명을 대상으로 자기효능감 척도, 대인관계 불안 척도 및 스트레스 대처방식 척도를 이용하여 수집하였다. 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 연구결과 자기효능감은 대인불안과 음의 상관관계가 있었으며 스트레스에 대한 적극적 대처와는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 대인불안은 적극적 스트레스 대처와 음의 상관관계를 보인 반면 소극적 대처방식과는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 그리고 자기효능감 수준에 따라 대인불안과 스트레스 대처방식에 차이를 보였으며, 자기효능감이 높은 집단은 적극적 스트레스 대처방식을 보다 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 대학생들의 자기효능감을 증진시키는 중재를 통해 대인불안을 감소시키고 적극적 대처방식의 사용을 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 만성전립선염 환자들을 대상으로 스트레스의 다양한 측면들을 조사하여 만성전립선염과 스트레스와의 연관성을 알아보고자 함이다. 방법 : 비세균성 만성전립선염으로 진단받은 32명의 환자군과 건강한 성인남자 64명을 대상으로 하여 자기보고식 설문지를 작성하도록 하였다. 스트레스 인자에 대한 지각, 스트레스 반응 및 대응전략은 각각 스트레스 지각척도(Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale), 스트레스 반응척도(Stress Response Inventory) 및 대처방식 체크리스트(Ways of Coping Checklist)를, 전립선염의 증상 정도는 미국립보건원 만성전립선염 증상지수(NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과 : 만성전립선염 환자는 대조군에 비하여 대인관계의 변화, 질병 및 상해, 경제적인 문제와 관련된 스트레스인자 지각점수가 높았고, 환자군이 대조군에 비해 스트레스 반응이 전체적으로 높게 나타났으며, 스트레스 대처방식에서는 적극적 대처와 소극적 대처 모두 환자군이 대조군에 비해 전체적으로 스트레스 대처수준이 낮게 관찰되었다. 전립선염 증상 정도가 심한 환자일수록 스트레스에 대한 반응에서 우울의 경향을 더 나타내었고 (p=0.039), 스트레스 대처방식에서는 문제중심적 대처방식(p=0.000)과 사회적 지지의 추구(p=0.017)와 유의한 음의 상관성을 보였다. 결론 : 만성전립선염 환자들은 다양한 영역의 스트레스를 경험하고, 높은 스트레스 반응을 보이며, 이에 대한 대처전략은 부족하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 만성전립선염 환자의 치료에 있어서 동반된 스트레스 인자의 평가 및 조절, 스트레스에 대한 반응과 대처방식의 효율성 증진 등이 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Objectives Social workers can suffer from occupational stress resulting from dealing with clients, which might lead to metal health problems. We aimed to investigate the association of duty-related traumatic experiences and stress coping strategies with post-traumatic stress symptoms among social workers in public sector. Methods A total of 110 social workers in public sector (men 30.9%, $36.5{\pm}7.6$ yrs) participated in this study. All subjects were evaluated the frequency and the impact of duty-related traumatic events. Additionally, they completed questionnaires including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for post-traumatic stress symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation for suicide symptoms and the Ways of Coping Checklist for stress coping strategies. Results The most frequent traumatic events were "Violent or abusive language from a client" (95.0%) and "Client made a fuss" (94.5%). The most distressing traumatic event was "Seeing a dead body on duty" (7.6 out of 10), which predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio 4.04 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-9.11). Among 4 types of stress coping strategies, the emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms after controlling age and sex (${\beta}$ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusions Social workers in public sector showed high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Duty-related traumatic events and the emotional-focused coping strategies were associated with the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. The modification of stress coping strategies would alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in social workers in public sector.