• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1997

The temperature gradient in weldment changes the transit time and distorts the direction of the ultrasound beam to the higher temperature regions due to the lower sound speed in the hotter regions of the weldment. This paper describes a ray-tracing method for calculating the effects of temperature gradients on ultrasonic propagation in fillet arc weldig. In the method, weldment is conceptually devided into a number of layers and the refraction and sound speed at each layer is calculated using the temperature which calculated from analytical solution. Calculating the time and location of echoes arrived from various interfaces around a molten weld pool determines the optimum location of ultrasonic transducers and the correct position of flaws.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2011

The need of data transmission in oceans and other underwater mediums are increasing day by day, so as the research. The underwater medium is very different from that of air. Propagation of electromagnetic wave in water or underground is very difficult because of the conductivity of the propagation materials. In this case, we usually use acoustic signals as ultrasonic but, they are not easy to transfer long distance with coherent method because of time varying multipaths, Doppler effects and attenuations. So, we use non-coherent methods such as FSK or ASK to communicate between long distances. But, as the propagation speed of acoustic wave is very slow, BW of the channel is narrow. It is very hard to guaranty the enough speed for the transmission of digital image data. In previous studies, we proposed this data communication protocol theoretically. In this paper, an underwater channel is modeled and this protocol is tested in this channel condition. The results show that the protocol is 4-6 times faster than ASK. Some relations and results are shown depending on the data length, channel length, bit rate etc.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.2315-2325
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• 1996

A compression wave is attenuated or distorted as it propagates in a tube. The present study investigated the propagation characteristics of the compression waves which are generated by a train in a high-speed railway tunnel. A Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) difference scheme was applied to one-dimensional, unsteady viscous compressible flow. The numerical calculation involved the effects of wall friction, heat transfer and energy loss due to the friction heat in the boundary layer behind the propagating compression wave, and compared with the measurement results of a shock tube and a real tunnel. The present results show that attenuation of the compression wave in turbulent boundary layer is stronger than in laminar boundary layer, but nonlinear effect of the compression wave is greater in the laminar boundary layer. The energy loss due to the frictional heat had not influence on attenuation and distortion of the propagating compression waves.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.708-716
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• 1989

본 연구의 목적은 고속도 카메라로 촬영된 순간사진들로부터 액주면의 파장, 진폭, 파의 진행속도 및 교란의 성장속도 등을 측정하여 액주의 분열에 미치는 기류 및 액량의 효과를 구하였고, 또 이것을 선행 연구자들의 이론 및 실험과 비교분석하여 액주의 분열 기구를 밝히는 데 있다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.203-222
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• 2023

The detonation combustion is a supersonic combustion process follows on shock wave oscillations in detonation tube. In this paper numerical studies are carried out combined effect of blockage ratio and spacing of obstacle on detonation wave propagation of hydrogen-air mixture in pulse detonation combustor. The deflagration to detonation transition of stoichiometric (ϕ=1)fuel-air mixture in channel has been analyzed for effect of blockage ratio (BR)=0.39, 0.51, 0.59, 0.71 with spacing of 2D and 3D. The reactive Navier-Stokes equation is used to solve the detonation wave propagation mechanism in Ansys Fluent platform. The result shows that fully developed detonation wave initiation regime is observed near smaller vortex generator ratio of BR=0.39 inside the combustor. The turbulent rate of reaction has also a great significance role for shock wave structure. However, vortices of rapid detonation wave are appears near thin boundary layer of each obstacle. Finally, detonation combustor demonstrates the superiority of pressure gain combustor with turbulent rate of reaction of 0.6 kg mol/m3 -s inside the detonation tube with obstacle spacing of 12 cm, this blockage enhanced the turbulence intensity and propulsive thrust. The successful detonation wave propagation speed is achieved in shortest possible time of 0.031s with a significance magnitude of 2349 m/s, which is higher than Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) velocity of 1848 m/s. Furthermore, stronger propulsive thrust force of 36.82 N is generated in pulse time of 0.031s.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 평탄지형의 제내지에서 제방붕괴속도에 따른 범람홍수파 선단의 전파 특성을 규명하기 위하여 제내지와 하도로 이루어진 실험수조에서 실험을 수행하여 전파 거리를 산정하였다. 실험에 의해 측정된 전파거리를 시간에 대한 상관식으로 나타내기 위하여 댐붕괴에 의한 수로에서의 홍수파의 1차원 흐름 해석해인 Ritter의 해에 3차원 거동특성을 반영할 수 있는 상수 k와 m을 도입한 일반식에 실험결과를 적용하여 실험식을 도출하였다. 기존 연구에서 하도내의 초기수위가 범람홍수파의 전파속도에 지배적인 영향을 준다는 사실은 알려져 있으나, 본 실험연구를 통해 제방붕괴속도도 범람홍수파의 전파속도에 영향을 주며, k와 m이 상수가 아닌 제방붕괴속도와 선형관계를 갖는 변수임을 밝혔다. 실험결과를 이용하여 범람홍수파 선단의 전파거리를 산정할 수 실험식을 제시했으며, 범람홍수파의 전파속도 산정시 하도내의 초기수위뿐만 아니라 제방붕괴속도도 고려해야 함을 본 연구를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 제내지 범람실험을 수행하여 범람양상을 관찰하고 수리학적 관점에서 해석하였으며, 실험결과를 토대로 제방붕괴속도에 대한 홍수파 전파속도의 상관관계도 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 홍수위험지도 작성이나 긴급대피계획 수립시 기본적인 판단 자료로 사용할 수 있으며, 2차원 범람 수치모형 검증시 유용한 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.804-810
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• 2000

In this paper, an experimental identification method is presented to identify the bulge wave and extensional wave propagation speeds in the fluid-filled elastic hose. An fluid-filled hose is hanged vertically for straight position. The exciting device of piston type is developed to generate the bulge wave and extensional wave in the elastic hose. Hydrophones are arranged in the fluid-filled hose linearly to measure the wave pressure. The wave speeds are estimated using the wavenumber-frequency spectrum analysis technique.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2001

The effects of slant interface in the hybrid specimen on the dynamic crack propagation behavior have been investigated using dynamic photoelasticity. The dynamic photoelasticity with the aid of Cranz-Shardin type high speed camera system is utilized to record the dynamic stress field around the dynamically propagating inclined interface crack tip in the three point bending specimens. The dynamic load is applied by a hammer dropped from 0.08m high without initial velocity. The dynamic crack propagation velocities and dynamic stresses field around the interface crack tips are investigated. Theoretical dynamic isochromatic fringe loops are compared with the experimental reults. It is interesting to note that the crack propagating velocity becomes comparable to the Rayleigh wave speed of the soft material of a specimen when slant angle decreases.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.335-354
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• 2016

This contribution presents an extended one-dimensional theory for piezoelectric beam-type structures with non-ideal electrodes. For these types of electrodes the equipotential area condition is not satisfied. The main motivation of our research is originated from passive vibration control: when an elastic structure is covered by several piezoelectric patches that are linked via resistances and inductances, vibrational energy is efficiently dissipated if the electric network is properly designed. Assuming infinitely small piezoelectric patches that are connected by an infinite number of electrical, in particular resistive and inductive elements, one obtains the Telegrapher's equation for the voltage across the piezoelectric transducer. Embedding this outcome into the framework of Bernoulli-Euler, the final equations are coupled to the wave equations for the longitudinal motion of a bar and to the partial differential equations for the lateral motion of the beam. We present results for the wave propagation of a longitudinal bar for several types of electrode properties. The frequency spectra are computed (phase angle, wave number, wave speed), which point out the effect of resistive and inductive electrodes on wave characteristics. Our results show that electrical damping due to the resistivity of the electrodes is different from internal (=strain velocity dependent) or external (=velocity dependent) mechanical damping. Finally, results are presented, when the structure is excited by a harmonic single force, yielding that resistive-inductive electrodes are suitable candidates for passive vibration control that might be of great interest for practical applications in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제23권1E호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2004

This paper presents an experimental technique to generate and detect axisymmetric longitudinal waves in a pipe by using piezoelectric cylindrical transducers. Radial pulses transmitted by one transducer have propagated in two opposite directions along the pipe, and other two transducers have received the propagating waves. The difference of the transit times measured for the waves in two paths of known distance difference has yielded the phase speed of the wave propagation. Wave speed has been measured in an empty pipe and in a water-filled pipe.