• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1997

From water management point of view, the industrialization that we have achieved in the last decades brought out two major changes: water shortage and water quality deterioration. They are getting the big obstacles we must overcome to continuously pursue industrialization for further development in the next century. Many plans using dams and advanced treatment methods have been developed for control of quantity and quality, respectively. In this paper, an alternative is conceptually reviewed which is much different from the plans in regard that the alternative looks at system itself. It is based on an interceptor system coupling with a concept of zero-discharge. This system allows no discharge of wastewaters from point-sources to waterbodies which are very sensitive in terms of water quality. In addition reuse of treated effluents is emphasized to a maximum extent. The application of the system to the Nak-Dong river basin indicated that an interceptor system will need from the middle reaches of the basin where industrialization gets heavier. Since wastewaters are not directly discharged to the river, water quality of the down stream will improve. Treated effluents will be able to be reused at a number of industrial complex which currently get water from the Nak-Dong river. This reuse will help alleviate water shortage. The biggest problem anticipated is cost for building and operating such system. A cost-sharing plan among the beneficiaries is considered. Further research is suggested focusing on detailed engineering and technical matters for potential implementation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2011

Climate change is impacting and will increasingly impact both the quantity and quality of the world's water resources in a variety of ways. In some areas warming climate results in increased rainfall, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge while in others there may be declines in all of these. Water quality is described by a number of variables. Some are directly impacted by climate change. Temperature is an obvious example. Notably, increased atmospheric concentrations of $CO_2$ triggering climate change increase the $CO_2$ dissolving into water. This has manifold consequences including decreased pH and increased alkalinity, with resultant increases in dissolved concentrations of the minerals in geologic materials contacted by such water. Climate change is also expected to increase the number and intensity of extreme climate events, with related hydrologic changes. A simple framework has been developed in New Zealand for assessing and predicting climate change impacts on water resources. Assessment is largely based on trend analysis of historic data using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. Trend analysis requires long-term, regular monitoring data for both climate and hydrologic variables. Data quality is of primary importance and data gaps must be avoided. Quantitative prediction of climate change impacts on the quantity of water resources can be accomplished by computer modelling. This requires the serial coupling of various models. For example, regional downscaling of results from a world-wide general circulation model (GCM) can be used to forecast temperatures and precipitation for various emissions scenarios in specific catchments. Mechanistic or artificial intelligence modelling can then be used with these inputs to simulate climate change impacts over time, such as changes in streamflow, groundwater-surface water interactions, and changes in groundwater levels. The Waimea Plains catchment in New Zealand was selected for a test application of these assessment and prediction methods. This catchment is predicted to undergo relatively minor impacts due to climate change. All available climate and hydrologic databases were obtained and analyzed. These included climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and sunshine hours, evapotranspiration, humidity, and cloud cover) and hydrologic (streamflow and quality and groundwater levels and quality) records. Results varied but there were indications of atmospheric temperature increasing, rainfall decreasing, streamflow decreasing, and groundwater level decreasing trends. Artificial intelligence modelling was applied to predict water usage, rainfall recharge of groundwater, and upstream flow for two regionally downscaled climate change scenarios (A1B and A2). The AI methods used were multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with extended Kalman filtering (EKF), genetic programming (GP), and a dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modelling system (DNFLMS), respectively. These were then used as inputs to a mechanistic groundwater flow-surface water interaction model (MODFLOW). A DNFLMS was also used to simulate downstream flow and groundwater levels for comparison with MODFLOW outputs. MODFLOW and DNFLMS outputs were consistent. They indicated declines in streamflow on the order of 21 to 23% for MODFLOW and DNFLMS (A1B scenario), respectively, and 27% in both cases for the A2 scenario under severe drought conditions by 2058-2059, with little if any change in groundwater levels.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1997

In order to provide informations for designing packaging and storage condition of dry jujube (Zizyphus jujuba MILLER), moisture sorption isotherm was determined for temperatures of 20, 30 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, and quality changes were evaluated as function of temperature and water activity. Dry jujube at a given water activity showed higher equilibrium moisture content for lower temperature. Moisture isothem could be fitted by GAB model equation, giving higher C value, lower m0 and relatively constant k value with increase in temperature. Ascorbic acid was lost more highly at higher temperature and water activity, and showed negligible retention for whole range of water activity and temperature studied after 141 days. Browning increased with water activity up to 0.73 at 30 and 4$0^{\circ}C$. Dry jujube of high water activity had high L value in surface color, which represent brightness of surface color. Considering quality retention in the storage, dry jujube is desired to be dried to water activity of 0.42 and be stored at temperature below 3$0^{\circ}C$

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.515-518
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• 2003

Mathematical models can be used to evaluate the effects of operational alternatives of dam on the downstream aquatic environment. An unsteady, one-dimensional water quality model, CE-QUAL-RIVI was calibrated and validated in Geum river as a sub model for the realtime water management system in the basin. The main usage of the model within the system is to predict the effects of flow regulation by Daecheong Dam on the downstream water quality. The validated model was then used to simulate dynamic water quality changes at several key stations responding to different scenarios of reservoir releases under a hypothetical spill condition. The model showed fairly good performance in the simulation of hydrodynamic and mass transport processes under highly unsteady conditions.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.726-734
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• 2018

최근 3년간 검토된 환경관리해역에서 이루어진 해역이용협의 건수는 총 60건으로 조사되었다. 환경보전해역에서는 지속적으로 감소하였고, 특별관리해역에서는 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 환경관리해역의 개별사업유형을 분석한 결과 인공구조물 설치사업이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 그 외 항만 어항개발, 연안정비 및 해수 인 배수사업유형이 많이 이루어졌다. 환경관리해역에서 국가해양환경정보통합시스템(MEIS) 자료를 활용하여 2006~2017년까지 경년별 수질변화경향을 비교한 결과, COD는 뚜렷한 증감의 변화는 보이지 않았으나 환경보전지역은 다소 증가하였으며, TN과 TP의 농도는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특별관리해역인 광양만과 마산만 및 환경보전해역인 가막만에서는 주로 하계에 빈산소수괴가 출현하였다. 이러한 환경관리해역에서의 이용 개발행위가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으므로, 이에 따른 해양환경부문 환경영향평가(해역이용협의)시에는 충분한 수질변화에 대한 실태분석 및 사업추진에 따른 수질영향과 퇴적물의 오염상태를 철저히 진단해서 오염원관리에 대한 대책이 중점적으로 평가되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 각 환경관리해역의 지정 목적에 따른 유지 수질목표를 명확히 설정하여, 오염원 및 연안오염총량관리와 연계하여 오염 부하량 저감대책을 제시하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.873-884
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• 2013

우리나라는 몬순기후의 영향으로 여름철 강우가 집중되기 때문에 작은 기후변화에도 심각한 수자원의 문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 이로 인해 기후변화에 대한 많은 관심이 집중되어 그에 따른 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 남강유역에서의 미래 기후변화에 의한 하천의 흐름과 수질변화를 예측하기 위해 유역-하천모형을 연계하여 하고자 하였다. 인공신경망기법을 이용하여 기후시나리오를 예측한 후 유역수문 모형인 SWAT모형을 구축하였고 모형의 적용성 평가를 위해 환경부자료를 이용하여 검보정한 결과 $R^2$이 0.7 이상으로 적정수준으로 모의되었다. SWAT의 결과와 HEC-ResSIM을 이용한 미래 남강댐 방류량을 QUALKO의 입력 자료로 사용하였다. 그 결과 저수기에는 풍수기와는 달리 연도별 유량에 따라 BOD가 많게는 약 2mg/L의 차이를 보이는 등 변화 폭이 크게 나타났다. 강우와 유역의 유출이 하천의 수질에 큰 영향을 끼치기 때문에 풍수기에 비해 유량이 적은 저수기에 수질 농도가 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 남강댐의 저수기의 용수확보를 통해 남강하류 하천의 유지용수를 확보하고 효율적인 관리를 통해 향상된 수질을 관리 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2020

Tributary is a part of life space for people and a very important place that accommodates rest recreation and other daily activities. absolutely insufficient basic data about water quality and flow rate are available for basin management. Efficient water and basin management systems, which are also supported by local residents can be established by securing such basic data of major tributaries in the Nakdong river system. In this study, the fluctuation characteristics of upstream and downstream water pollution levels were compared using the measurement results of the water environment measurement network and the tributary monitoring project for the gyeseong-stream and Hwapo-stream in the Nakdong-miryang watershed. In 2017, when water pollution is the highest, it was confirmed that the annual average rainfall was the lowest. Although the upstream and downstream water quality tendencies of the Gyeseong-stream are similar, the water quality concentrations of the Gyeseong-stream are relatively different. But although the Hwapo stream has various causes of pollution, there was not much difference in the level of pollution between the upper and lower streams. In addition, both rivers need the ability to purify rivers by securing sufficient water for river maintenance, and if the correlation between water quality items can be inferred through continuous monitoring of tributaries where the aspect of water quality change is unclear, water quality management Determined to be efficient operation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Changes of organic carbon after the entrance into dam reservoirs were investigated using water samples collected in May, September, and October in 2010 from the inflow sites and the outlets of four selected dam reservoirs-Soyang, Chungju, Chungju regulation, and Uiam. Increase of refractory dissolved organic carbon (R-DOC) was observed only for large dam reservoirs with long residence times whereas the trend was not found for relatively small reservoirs. The effects of residence times on organic carbon changes were further confirmed by significant positive correlations between monthly residence times and the relative increase of either dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or R-DOC concentrations. Comparison of spectroscopic characteristics of DOC revealed that the changes in the large reservoirs in May might result from in-lake processes. The inflow of terrestrial sources of DOM during storms appears to largely affect the DOC quality of the large reservoirs for the rest of the sampling periods. The mechanism, however, did not fully explain the behaviors of DOC for the small sized reservoirs. Our combined results suggested that both residence time and the input of allochthonous carbon sources might substantially influence the quantity of DOC as well as its quality in dam reservoirs.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2009

One of the major problems associated with operation of domestic sewer lines involves hydraulic problems such as insufficient conveyance capacity, exceeding maximum velocity, and deficiency of minimum velocity. It has also been pointed out that influent concentration lower than design concentration of pollutants, which is mainly caused by unidentified inflow and infiltration, degrades the operational efficiency of many sewage treatment plants (STPs). A computer-added analysis method supporting a coupled simulation of sewage quality and quantity is essentially required to evaluate the status of existing STPs and to improve their efficiency by a proper sewer rehabilitation work. In this study, dynamic water quality simulations were conducted using MOUSE TRAP to investigate the principal parameters that governs the changes of BOD, ${NH_4}^+$, and ${PO_4}^{3-}$3- concentrations within the sewer networks based on data acquired through on-site and laboratory measurements. The BOD, ${NH_4}^+$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$3- concentrations estimated by MOUSE TRAP was lower than theoretical pollution loads because of sedimentation and decomposition in the sewer. The results revealed that sedimentation is a most important factor than other biological reactions in decreasing pollutant load in the sewers of C-city. The sensitivity analysis of parameters pertaining to water quality changes indicated that the effect of the BOD decay rate, the initial DO concentration, the half-saturation coefficient of dissolved BOD, and the initial sediment depth is marginal. However, the influence of settling rate and temperature is relatively high because sedimentation and precipitation, rather than biological degradation, are dominant processes that affect water quality in the study sewer systems.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Weather (AR5) predicts that recent severe hydrological events will affect the quality of water and increase water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed, and solar radiation) were compiled into a representative concentration curve (RC), defined using 8.5. AR5 and future use are calculated based on land use. Semi-distributed emission model Calculate emissions for each target period. Meteorological factors affecting water quality (precipitation, temperature, and flow) were input into a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the data. Extensive experimental studies of flow properties have been carried out. In addition, an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) device was used to monitor the flow of a large open channel connection in a wastewater treatment plant in Ho Chi Minh City. Observations were made along different streams at different locations and at different depths. Analysis of measurement data shows average speed profile, aspect ratio, vertical position Measure, and ratio the vertical to bottom distance for maximum speed and water depth. This result indicates that the transport effect of the compound was considered when preparing the hazard analysis.