• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2011

Cotton fabrics was treated with persimmon juice by padding and their dyeability and functionality were assessed including antibacterial activity and deodorization ratio. The merit of padding-based dyeing was easier color reproduction over traditional hand dyeing where various colors and color fastness to light and laundering are hard to obtain. With larger number of padding, the dyed fabrics showed deeper red-yellow colors, which had low brightness and high chromatic colors. The dyed cotton fabrics had a perspiration fastness of 4~5 rating, a rubbing fastness of 3~4 rating, and a washing fastness of 4 rating, As the number of padding and exposed time to sunlight or UV light increase, the values of K/S and ${\Delta}E$ increased and the colors became much deeper gradually. The color development had completed about 70 hours exposure to UV. Among the light sources, the dyed fabrics exposed to UV light showed deeper yellow-red color than those of exposed to sunlight. The cotton fabrics treated with premordants like Al, Cr, Cu, and Sn revealed strong yellow colors, especially the fabrics treated with Fe mordant showed greenish red-yellow colors. As the padding times of dyeing with persimmon juice increased, stiffness and water repellent property were enhanced in warp and weft directions, respectively. Also, the dyed fabrics have good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.828-837
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• 2015

The results of the analysis of dyed rayon fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding are as follows. Rayon fabrics were dyed repeatedly with persimmon juice by a padding mangle for the development of dyeability. The merits of padding-based dyeing were easier color reproduction (versus traditional hand dyeing) of hard to obtain colors and color fastness to light and laundering. The add on weight increased with the number of padding times, and the color of the dyed fabrics had red-yellow colors with low brightness and high chromatic colors. Properties of fabrics treated with persimmon juice were: $2^{nd}$ level of light resistance, $4^{th}-5^{th}$ perspiration fastness levels, rubbing fastness, and $3^{rd}-4^{th}$ washing fastness levels. Dyed fabrics exposed to UV light have a deep yellow-red color that increased lightness and darken when exposed to sunlight. Rayon fabrics of a treated premordant indicated strong yellow colors, especially fabrics with Fe mordant indicated greenish red-yellow colors. The direction of the weft and warp increased and improved water-repellent qualities that increased with the number of dyeing padding times and persimmon juice; however, there was less anti-crease resistance. In addition, fabrics had good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2014

This paper was focused on investigating synthetic fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding mangle repeatedly. The merit of dyeing by pad-dry method was easier color reproduction than dyeing by immersion method. With increasing number of padding, the dyed nylon fabrics showed deeper yellow-red colors, but dyed polyester fabrics had no uniform tendency. The dyed synthetic fabrics had a 3rd grade of ligtht, 4~5th grade of perspiration fastness, 5th grade of stain washing fastness, and 3~5th grade of rubbing fastness. As the number of padding and exposed time to sunlight or UV light increase, the value of K/S and ${\Delta}E$ increased and the colors become much deeper gradually. The color development had completed about 70 hours exposure to UV light. As the padding time of dyeing with persimmon juice increased, stiffness and water repellent property were enhanced, respectively. Also, the dyed synthetic fabrics had good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2011

This study investigates the physical properties and manufacturing method of shape memory fabric for emotional garment made by polypropylene. For this purpose, polypropylene(PP) POY and SDY were texturized using low temperature and constant length heat treatment texturing technologies, respectively. The shape memory fabrics made using these texturized PP yarns were woven with two kinds of PET and PTT shape memory yarns on the air-jet loom and the various physical properties of four kinds of shape memory fabrics were measured and discussed. The tenacity and breaking strain of PP texturized yarns treated by low temperature and constant length heat treatment showed high weaving efficiency and the wet thermal shrinkage of PP textured yarns was shown less than 1.5%, dry thermal shrinkage was ranged between 3% and 5%, which means thermal stability compared to the PTT textured yarn with high thermal shrinkage, 5~8%. The shape memory characteristics of PP shape memory fabrics measured by Toray method showed five grade as same value as PTT shape memory fabric. The heat keeping property of the PP shape memory fabric showed 56% higher value than that of PTT shape memory fabric. The water repellency of PP shape memory fabric measured by spray method showed five grade as same value as PTT shape memory fabric treated with water repellent agent. Especially, shape memory properties of PP shape memory fabric measured by 3-D image and camera measurement methods showed similar characteristics to the PTT shape memory fabric.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Dissolution rate of minerals may differ from climates configuration, but weathering rate of feldspars is generally proved to be relatively higher The result of geochemical reaction modeling indicates the acid water of pH 4.5 excluding any other variables, was 2.3 times higher than that in ordinary rain of pH 5.7. This result proved that pH is very important factor in preservation of granite cultural properties. To prevent the weathering of stone cultural properties, weathering characteristics of stones should be studied first and constitution of dry environments, using water repellent or oil coating, isolating water which cause chemical weathering reaction like hydration and oxidization should be considered. Considering the long-term reactions between granite and rain, selection of materials, which can bring neutralization and non-oxidization conditions, are very important in using cleaning agents and biological controls.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.600-607
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• 2018

Polypropylene fibers, while having many advantages such as light weight, sweat fast drying, water-repellent, drainage, thermal insulation, anti-static property has a drawback in dyeing. In recent years, the development of dyeable polypropylene fibers has expanded its value in the textile market. The purpose of this study is to fabricate composite spun yarns using polypropylene, acrylic, rayon and wool and to analyze tensile properties, uniformity characteristics, bending properties, hairiness, and surface shape according to the degree of fineness and blended ratio. The specimens consisted of 100% polypropylene spun yarn pp30, pp40 and ppa(pp/acrylic), ppr(pp/rayon), ppw(pp/wool), 5 altogether sed in this study. The results of the study are as follows. The breaking strength of polypropylene spun yarn blended with rayon and acrylic was higher than that of 100% polypropylene spun yarn. The polypropylene spun yarn is higher the fineness been shown to decrease the breaking strength and elongation. The bending properties of polypropylene spun yarns were in the order of ppa>ppr>pp40>pp30>ppw. The unevenness of ppw, ppr, and ppa was higher than pp40 and pp30. With the exception of ppw with crimp properties, pp30 and pp40 were found to have a hairiness index greater than ppr, ppa. In the microscopic photographs of polypropylene spun yarn, pp30, which had the highest hairiness index, was found to have a thick yarn and a large number of hairs, and ppw had hairs of 3 mm or more protruding elongated outwardly.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.612-621
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• 2011

The process of making or cultivating indigo dyes is very cumbersome and complex. The dye extraction and dyeing methods using general plant dye, moth repellent dye, fast acting natural dye, and other dyes are very different. This research investigates the extraction of indigo dye and liquid dye extraction of polygonum(indigo) plants using calcium oxide water. While extracting indigo dye the concentration of purified indigo dye may be controlled by adjusting the pH level. Due to the various uses of dyes the adjustment of surface color must be considered. In regard to the change according to different concentrations of reducing agents, it was found that cotton fabrics and ramie fabrics show the highest color difference at 0.4% and 0.3% respectively. As the reduction temperature increases, the color difference increases as well. The maximum color difference was found to appear at $90^{\circ}C$. Cotton fabrics and ramie fabrics showed 70.55 and 67.01 respectively. The color difference increases as the concentration of dyes increases, but at a concentration of 300%, cotton fabrics was found to show 6.22PB in H value using the Munsell color system, containing purple and blue color. The pH of the polygonum dyes extracted through this experiment were adjusted by adding calcium oxide to the experimental water, without directly adding calcium oxide to the liquid polygonum extract. In a refine state, it was mixed with polygonum extract to extract a more refine and highly concentrated indigo dye. When lye and reducing agents are added to extracted indigo dye and sealed for long-term storage, it can be effective and easily used for dyeing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.789-792
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• 2008

Recently, the deteriorations of RC bridge decks on express-way are frequently observed. The major cause of deterioration for the RC concrete bridge decks exposed to de-icing chemiclas would be chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion. Therefore, Waterproofing is necessary for improvement of bridge deck durability and comfortable utility. In this study is to investigate the appearance of deterioration and properties of concrete core from the collect in a bridge deck. The results of this study shows that penetration waterproofing agents shows low infiltration depth and low water-repellent. It appears that the damaging of concrete deck is primarily waterproofing system rather than physical property.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2008

About 17% of historical properties in Korea were made of stones and most of them are exposed to weathering, as such that discoloring, cracking, and shattering occur from physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological effects due to outdoor placement. Proper treatments for conservation are necessary to prevent the weathering damage and to retain the original shape of stones. MMA, an acrylic monomer having low viscosity can be impregnated deep inside stones by consecutive compression and decompression process in a pressurized vessel. After the polymerization of MMA impregnate, the space inside of the stone was filled with PMMA. It is expected that water repellent and weather resistant properties will be improved because of the improved bonding of constituent materials in stones. In this study, moisture absorption, chemical resistance, and mechanical property of two domestic granites were examined after treating them with MMA for the purpose of determining the conservation value of this method that was possibly useful to the conservation of stone cultural assets.