• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2015

An unmanned aerial photography method by using an unmanned helicopter is useful method for measuring of the water-entry traces of small falling objects into the sea. Pixel sizes on the aerial photograph may be too large due to a limit of camcorder resolution and a wide shooting area. If the pixel size is too large, identification of water-entry trace is impossible. Thus an accurate prediction of water-entry trace size is required. The traces of water-entry could be classified into three types such as splash, water column, and bubble. Diameters of each trace are predicted by water-entry impact pressure theories, cavity theories, and trial test results. The results are verified by drop tests using an unmanned helicopter at two water-entry speeds. As a result, prediction and test results showed sufficient similarity to evaluate the identifiability of water-entry trace.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2000

항공기나 헬기에서 투하되어 수면으로 입수하는 경어뢰에 작용하는 충격력은 경어뢰 구성부의 손상을 유발시킬 수 있으므로 투하 속도 및 투하 고도를 제한하는 조건이 된다. 따라서, 투하 조건에 따라 입수 충격을 신뢰성 있게 추정할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 선수부 형상에 대한 함수로 입수 충격을 근사적으로 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고, 그 결과를 수치 해석 결과와 비교하여 타당성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 근사화 방법으로 추정한 입수 충격의 크기나 작용시간은 포텐셜 유동이나 점성 유동 해석에 의한 결과들과 비교적 잘 일치하므로 본 연구 결과는 초기 설계 단계에서 안전 발사 영역을 선정하기 위한 기법으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-199
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• 2018

The open source software OpenFOAM is utilised to simulate the water entry and hydrodynamic impact process of 2D wedges and ship hull sections. Incompressible multiphase flow solver interDyMFoam is employed to calculate the free fall of structure from air into water using dynamically deforming mesh technique. Both vertical and oblique entry of wedges of various dead-rise angles have been examined. A convergence study of dynamics as well as kinematics of the flow problem is carried out on successively refined meshes. Obtained results are presented and compared to the experimental measurements showing good agreement and reasonable mesh convergence of the solution.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 접수(water entry) 및 이수(water exit) 문제를 유동장의 지배방정식인 2차원 비압축성 Navier-Stokes방정식을 일반좌표계(generalized coordinate system)에서 유한체적법(Finite Volume Method)으로 이산화 하여 해석하였다. 강체의 접수 또는 이수 상황에서 발생하는 자유수면 변형에 대한 처리는 Level-Set[11]기법을 사용하였다. 수치계산결과에서 접수에 대한 유체충격력에 대한 계산결과는 쐐기(wedge)형과 flared-ship 단면의 실험결과[5]와 비교하였으며, 원형실린더의 이수문제에서는 시간에 따른 자유수면의 변형 및 유동장의 특징을 살펴보았다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.190-201
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• 1998

The numerical methodology for computing the impact forces of the water entry bodies has been developed. The present method assumed the impact occurs within a very short time interval and the viscous effects do not have time enough to play a significant role in the impact forces, that is, the flow around a water-entry object was assumed as an inviscid potential flow and is solved by the source panel method. The elements fully submerged into the water are routinely treated, but the elements intersected with the effective planar free surface are redefined and reorganized to be amendable to the source panel method. To validate the present code, it has been applied to disk and ogive model and compared with experimental data. Good agreement has been obtained.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2012

This paper presents a comparison of potential and viscous computational codes for the water entry problem. A po-tential code was developed which adopted the boundary element method to solve the problem. A nonlinear free surface boundary condition was integrated to find new locations of free surface. The dynamic boundary condition was simplified by taking constant potential values for every time steps. The simplified dynamic boundary condition was applied in the new position of the free surface not at the mean level, which is the usual practice for linearized theory. The commercial code FLUENT was used to solve the water entry problem from the viscosity point of view. The movement of the air-liquid interface is traced by distribution of the volume fraction of water in a computational cell. The pressure coefficients were compared with each other, while experimental results published by other researchers were also examined. The characteristics of each method were discussed to clarify merits and limitations when they were applied to the water entry problems.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The characteristics of an impact load and pressure were experimentally investigated. Drop tests were carried out using a modified Wigley with CB = 0.56. The vertical force, pressures, and vertical accelerations were measured. A 6-component load cell was used to measure the forces, piezo-electric sensors were used to capture the impact pressure, and strain-gauge type accelerometers were used to measure the vertical accelerations. A 50-kHz sampling rate was applied to capture the peak values. The repeatability of the measured data was confirmed and the basic characteristics of the impact load and pressure such as the linearity to the falling height were observed for all of the measurements. A simple formula was derived to extract the physical impact load from the measured force based on a simple mass-sensor-mass diagram, which was validated by comparing impact forces with existing data using the mathematical model of Faltinsen and Chezhian (2005). The effects of the elasticity of the model and change in acceleration during the water entry were investigated. It is interesting to observe that the impact loads occurred and reached peak values at the same time duration after water entry for all drop heights.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

In rough seas, bow-flare regions of the fine ships (container ship and PCC) are subject to high impact pressures due to the bow-flare slamming. And many ships suffer structural damages in that region, even though they were built under the bow structure strengthening rules of the ship classes. So, a new design method for bow-flare structure is highly required. In this paper, a new prediction method of the bow-flare impact pressure (in terms of equivalent static pressure) acting on the fine ships' bow is presented. This method is based on the 11 fine ships' damage analysis and the mechanisms of water entry impact and breaking wave impact. Calculation results of the bow-flare impact pressure and the shell plate thickness are shown and discussed. Through the example calculations, it was found that the present method is useful for the structure design of the fine ships' bow.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.518-530
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• 2020

The present study concerns the stern slamming load of container carriers, with stern bulb arrangement variation. First, a series of wedge drop tests were conducted using simple wedge models with fixed deadrise angles, and tests with the cross-section models of practical container carrier sterns were followed. The deadrise angle of the simple wedge ranged from 0° to 10°. The pressure measurement results of the simple wedge drop tests were distributed between empirical formula and analytic solution, so the experimental setup was validated. In the cases of practical hull cross-sections, the water entry of the bulb prior to that of the transom resulted in characteristic water film generation and delayed pressure peak appearance. The trapped air between the bulbs damped the pressure in the twin skeg hull case, reducing the pressure peak and causing the pressure oscillation during water entry.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 입수 충격에 의한 수중 순간 소음을 연구하기 위해, 황해에서 발사대를 이용하여 해상 실험을 진행하였다. 해상시험선인 청해호 우현상에서 발사대를 이용하여 실린더 몸체를 수직으로 발사하였으며, 이때 발생하는 소음을 하이드로폰으로 측정하였다. 실험에서는 원통형, 원뿔형, 반구형 두부 형상을 가진 3가지 종류의 실린더 몸체가 사용되었다. 측정된 신호는 시간적으로 확연하게 구분되어 3단계로 전시되었다 : (1) 초기 충돌 및 물체 진동단계, (2) 개방 공동 유동 단계, (3) 공동 붕괴 및 거품 진동 단계. 대부분의 경우, 거품 진동 단계의 파형이 초기 충돌 및 물체 진동 단계에 비해 우세하게 나타났다. 공동이 붕괴되기 시작하는 핀치 오프 시간은 0.18 ~ 0.2 s에 발생하였으며, 평균 거품 지속 시간은 0.9 ~ 1.3 s로 지속되었다. 입수 충격 소음은 100 Hz 이하의 대역에서 에너지가 집중되어 있었으며, 생성되는 소음은 두부 형상, 물체 질량, 발사 속도에 의해 영향을 받았다. 결과적으로, 거품 주파수에서 에너지 스펙트럼 밀도의 크기는 원통형, 원뿔형, 반구형 순으로 나타났으며, 동일 입수체에 대해서는 초기 에너지가 클수록 거품 주파수에서 에너지 스펙트럼 밀도가 크게 나타났다. 최종적으로, 버블이 폭발하는 물리적 현상을 기반으로 모의된 신호와 계측 값간 비교 결과 만족스러운 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.