• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.740-746
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• 2014

The unripe fruit of cudrania tricuspidata was extracted with 50% ethanol. The crude water-soluble extracts were separated by liquid-liquid separation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol followed by precipitation with ethanol, and then the water-soluble polysaccharide (F1) was isolated by the fractionation through gel permeation chromatography using preparative PLaquagel-OH column with water. The structure was characterized by monosaccharide composition with HPAEC-PAD, methylation analysis with GC-MS, FT-IR and HPLC. According to the data, F1 was com posed of glucose (22.84 mM), galactose (13.75 mM), arabinose (45.87 mM), xylose (7.49 mM). It was revealed which uronic acid and acetyl group were not attached in F1. And it is constituted of 1-linked arabinose, 1,4-linked arabinose, 1,3-linked glucose, 1,4-linked galactose, 1,4-linked glucose, 1,3,6-linked galactose, 1,3,6-linked glucose and the ratio was showed 1.1 : 1.0 : 4.9 : 7.5 : 3.0 : 3.1 : 1.4 : 1.5.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate to determine quality characteristics, fatty acid composition and cytotoxic effect of extracts and fractions from whole Lycopus lucidus Turcz. roots. Additionally, we evaluated cytotoxic activity against the growth of human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) and human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), human colon cancer cell (HT-29) lines using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acetone+methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from L. lucidus Turcz. were obtained through solvent extraction. Then we further fractionated both extracts with n-hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water. In fatty acid composition, L. lucidus Turcz. contained 33.2% of 18:1n-9 and 1.81% of 18:3n-3, respectively. The incorporation of treatment with A+M and MeOH extracts and n-hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water fractions dose-dependently increased cytotoxicity against the growth of HT-1080 and AGS, HT-29 cancer cells (p<0.05). The A+M extract had a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of all cancer cells in comparison to MeOH extract. Among the fractions, the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions showed a higher inhibitory effect after proliferating the three cancer cells. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions have a potential to inhibit the growth of human cancer cell lines.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to search for a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in natural crude products in Korea. Betula schmidtii Regel, a tree belonging to the Betulaceae family, is cultivated for the most part of our country, and their cortecies or tree milk has been used as folk remedy, which exerted good antiinflammatory effect on rheumatic fever, arthritis or rheumatism. The rats were treated with several extracts from Betula schmidtii Regel, that is, extracts of water, methanol from inner cortecies, extracts of ether, methanol, hexane, chloroform or butanol from outer and total cortecies. In this experiment, we measured the blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized rats, and atropine, diphenhydramine, phentolamine, propranolol, epinephrine, hexamethonium and hydralazine were pretreated prior to Betula extracts to clarify the mechanism of the hypotensive action. The results of the experiment were as follows; 1. BOIE(Betula outer cortex water-insoluble extract) and BICE(Betula inner cortex chloroform extract) elevated the blood pressure and heart rate. 2. BIME(Betula inner cortex methanol extract), BIBE(Betula inner cortex butanol extract) and BIWE (Betula inner cortex water extract) significantly lowered the blood pressure and heart rate. 3. With the pretreatment of hydralazine, the hypotensive effect of Betula schmidtii Regel was significantly blocked. From the above results, it is suggested that the hypotensive effect of Betula schmidtii Regel is due to the direct vasodilation of blood vessel.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1975

For analysis of Xanthene dyes according to the developing solvent and adsorbent was applied to Thin-layer chromatography with silicagel and cellulose plate. Silicagel chromato-plate used were prepared under different condition of activation. Using eight developing solvent, the influence of the condition for activation upon the separation of Xanthene dyes was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3. Methyl ethyl ketone+Acetone+$H_2O$ (10:0.1:0.4) mixture and n-butanol+Ammonia water (4:1) mixture gave clear separation for Xanthene dyes, including Fluorescein, Erythrosine Rhodamin B, Eosine, Rose bengale, phloxine and Acid red those Rf values decrease in the described ordor. Methyl ethyl ketone+Acetone+$H_2O$ (10:0.1:0.4) was applied to two adsorbents which were purchased from different manufactures. The results of Chromatograms are obtained Figure 6.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is known to contain water-soluble substances that improve antioxidant status due to the richness in antioxidants. Greenhouse experiment was carried out under different shading conditions during spring lettuce growing season. Shade significantly reduced shoot weight, number of leaves and chlorophyll content, while it increased shoot length of lettuce plants. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction was in order of n-butanol > ethyl acetate > water > n-hexane fraction, although was less than that of commonly used antioxidants, BHT and ascorbic acid. Fractions from lettuce plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity, in vitro test. By means of HPLC analysis, BuOH fraction of cultivar 'Hwahyang' (57.93 mg $100g^{-1}$) had the highest amount of antioxidant chi orogenic acid. Shading treatment increased average amount of chlorogenic acid of all cultivars in BuoH, EtOAc, hexane and water fractions by 33, 120, 144, and $58\%$, respectively. These results suggest that lettuce plants had potent antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on cultivar and fraction.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 1991

Ethanol extracts of amur cork, elm root, plantain and dandelion which are edible and can be mass produced at farm were examined their inhibitory activity against food spoilage microorganisms at their concentrations and the extracts were fractionated by some solvents with checking effective fractionate. Above $500{\sim}2000\;ppm$ of the extracts inhibited completely the test microorganisms with a few exception. One thousand ppm of amur cork exract inhibited B. cereus completely. L. mesenteroides by 500 ppm of amur cork and 2000 ppm of elm root and plantain showed a pretty good inhibition. The extracts which showed good inhibition to the test microorganisms were fractionated with chroloform, ethylacetate, butanol and water in order and the fractionates of butanol and chroloform showed comparetively higher inhibition than others generally. Inhibition rate of each fractionate were as follows ; B. cereus was inhibited completely at 500 ppm of chroloform fraction, and 1000 ppm of ethyl acetate and butanol and L. mesenteroides was 500 ppm of butanol fraction. P. fluorescens was inhibited partly by 500 ppm of butanol and ethyl acetate fraction.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.590-596
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• 2011

Pimpinella brachycarpa, called as cham-na-mul in Korea, is an edible popular herb. However, the study of biological activity of P. brachycarpa is still rudimentary in worldwide. In this study, from the cultivated P. brachycarpa, we prepared the methanol extract and its subsequent solvent fractions, and their antimicrobial, antioxidation, and anti-proliferative activities were evaluated. The fraction yields of n-hexane (H), methylene chloride (EC), ethylacetate (EA), butanol (B), and water residue (W) from the methanol extract were 18.71, 0.7, 0.56, 4.57, and 71.51%, respectively. Analysis of total flavonoid and total polyphenol showed that the EA fraction contained the highest contents (89.23 and 200 mg/g), and the W residue has the lowest contents (19.6 and 2.27 mg/g) among the factions. In antimicrobial activity assay, the EA fraction showed a broad-range antibacterial activity, while the H fraction is effective against gram positive bacteria. In antioxidation activity assay, EA and B fraction showed strong DPPH anion and ABTS cation scavenging activities including reducing power, and Hand MC fraction showed effective nitrite scavenging activity (71.43~83.82 ${\mu}g$/mL of $IC_{50}$). In a while, only B fraction showed strong anti-proliferative activity against human colorectal cancer HCT-116 (166 ${\mu}g$/mL of $IC_{50}$) as a dose-dependent manner up to 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. These results suggest that the EA and B fraction of P. brachycarpa could be developed as functional food ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.820-825
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• 2008

We investigated the antioxidant of heating pork, the physicochemical properties and antioxidative activities of Rubus coreanus Miq. extracts. The contents of moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude ash were measured. Soluble solid, acidity, pH and mineral contents were also investigated. The ethanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. was evaporated, and then sequentially extracted by hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The contents of total polyphenol ranged from 24.5 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE) per g to 82.5 mg in all fractions. Antioxidative effects were investigated through DPPH free radical scavenging, $ABTS{\cdot}^+$ scavenging and TBARS methods. It was found that ethanol extract ($2,000\;{\mg}/mL$) and butanol extract ($1,500\;{\mg}/mL$) had 89.93% and 89.68% of DPPH free radical scavenging activities. As for ABTS, all extracts ($1,000{\sim}2,000\;{\mg}/mL$) except hexane showed over 90% scavenging activities. The lowest TBARS values were obtained from extract of ethyl acetate and ethanol, and their antioxidative activities were higher than that of ascorbic acid. The results of this study indicate that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. may be substituted for ascorbic acid in heating pork.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2017

Cordyceps bassiana has long been used as an oriental medicine and reported to possess diverse biological activities. The fruiting bodies of Cordyceps bassiana was extracted with ethanol and then further fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana (CBBF) exhibited the most effective in anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the roles of CBBF on the anti-inflammation cascade in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were studied. To investigate the mechanism by which CBBF inhibits NO, iNOS and COX-2, the activation of $I{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs in LPS-activated macrophage were examined. Our present results demonstrated that CBBF inhibits NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and these effects were mediated through the inhibition of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Also, CBBF suppressed activation of MAPKs including p38 and SAPK/JNK. Furthermore, CBBF significantly suppressed LPS-induced intracellular ROS generation. Its inhibition on iNOS expression, together with its antioxidant activity, may support its anti-inflammatory activity. Thus Cordyceps bassiana can be used as a useful medicinal food or drug for further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1502-1507
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant contents and activities of solvent fractions from methanolic extracts of cockscome flowers. The yield of methanolic extracts from cockscome flowers was 23.33%, whereas those of its solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) were 10.27, 20.00, 13.63, 17.55, and 38.54%, respectively. Total polyphenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and proanthocyanidin contents of methanolic extracts (ME) were 6.80 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g ME, 2.34 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g ME, 6.23 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g ME, and $44.72{\mu}g$ CE/g ME, respectively. The highest total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of solvent fractions were 14.92 mg GAE/g solvent fraction (SF), 5.44 mg CE/g SF, and 13.38 mg TAE/g SF in the butanol fraction, respectively. The total proanthocyanidin contents were 42.47, 44.43, 50.03, 49.12, and $41.80{\mu}g$ CE/g SF, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities from cockscome flowers were 5.24 and 10.70 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g ME, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the solvent fractions were 12.53 and 21.09 mg TE/g SF in the butanol fraction, respectively. SOD-like activities of methanolic extracts from cockscome flowers were 7.96 units/mL, whereas those of its solvent fractions were 4.56, 6.15, 8.07, 12.36, and 5.21 units/mL, respectively. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activities in cockscome flowers have significant health benefits.