• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1800-1807
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of different cooling sessions (CSs) as a water conservation strategy on physiological, and production responses and welfare in Holstein Friesian cows during subtropical summer in Pakistan. Methods: Twenty-one cows were subjected to three CS in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: i) eleven hours continuous cooling with sprinklers - control (CNT), ii) four CS, and iii) two CS. The CNT represented the practices of the commercial dairy farms in the area, while the other CSs were used as water reduction strategies. Each CS lasted for 1 h with a 12 min cycle (3 min water on and 9 min off) with a sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min. Results: The average temperature humidity index of the shed and the outside open area were 81.9 and 82.5, respectively. The results showed that both physiological responses were highest in the 2CS group followed by the CNT and the 4CS (p = 0.001). The CNT and 4CS groups had similar milk yield (p = 0.040). The 4CS group had more lying and eating times than the CNT and 2CS groups (p = 0.000). The cortisol level in the 2CS group was 2.0 and 2.2 ㎍/dL more than the CNT and the 4CS groups, respectively (p = 0.000). Conclusion: In conclusion, the 4CS was more efficient in cooling the cows and had better welfare, as it yielded similar milk yield, and better physiological responses than the CNT despite using 90% less water.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2013

The risk of pipe-bursting in multi-regional transmission mains consisting of 89 % of singled pipeline is so high that pipeline stabilization project is required such as renewal and replacement, pipe paralleling, emergency ties. Pipeline stabilization projects could be postponed at the step of initial decision-making because effect of this project is intangible benefit like activation of economic, improvement of welfare related to water. This study is to suggest quantified economical feasibility model for intangible benefit presumption to solve above problem. Cost reduction of emergency water supply, leakage, burst restore and energy efficiency improvement was altered and applied. As a result of economic analysis taking into account estimated benefit and cost under discount rate 5.5 %, service life 40 years, sufficient economic feasibility analyzed with B/C 2.45, NPV 317,700 million won, IRR 9.09 %.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.100-114
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• 1996

Besides insufficient water, water contamination confronts us with 'water crises' of both quantity and quality. However, the daily water consumption per capita of Korea is greater than that of other developed countries. Because of the current low water price, which is lower than a half of production cost, not only does it become difficult to cope promptly with rapidly increasing water demand and water contamination, but it also causes waste of water. We should, therefore, switch over from supply side management-oriented policy to demand side management-oriented policy through a raise of the water rate. This study carries out a cost analysis based on fair return method which is the principle of water pricing in Korea, and it estimates, through equilibrium analysis, long run marginal cost(LRMC), which satisfies allocative efficiency and reflects true social cost to additional one-unit water supply. Based on the results, this study proposes that the estimated LRMC is the optimal price level in water pricing, which is the most important of the demand side management policies. In the end, water conservation effect, price pervasive effect, and social welfare effect are analyzed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2327-2331
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• 2011

본 논문은 세정기의 세척수를 인체에 유익한 자화육각수로 변환시켜주는 기술로서, 세정기로 세척수가 공급되는 유입 관에 자화기를 설치하여 세척수를 인체에 유익한 자화육각수로 변환시켜 사용함에 따라 비데와 변기를 위생적으로 유지 관리하게 해주는 자화육각수 제조 기술에 관련하여 특허를 시계열분석을 통하여 출원이 많은 대표적인 국가별 출원을 분석하였다. 자화육각수 제조 기술 분야의 특허 출원 동향을 살펴보면 대부분 한국과 일본에 의한 특허 출원임을 알 수 있으며, 일본특허는 특허건수와 출원인수가 모두 증가하는 발전기에서 특허건수와 출원인수가 모두 감소하는 퇴조기 단계에 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 미국 및 유럽특허에서는 대체적으로 출원인수와 특허건수가 감소하는 퇴조기 양상으로. 분석 되었다. 따라서 자화육각수를 활용하는 사업에서는 특허 권리차원에서 한국과 일본특허의 출원 동향을 지속적으로 관찰 할 필요가 있으며, 그리고 현재 자화육각수기술은 사업전략구상과 산업지원정책수립이 필요한 단계에 있다. 따라서 향후 자화육각수관련 제품의 연구개발이 다수 예상됨에 따라 관련제조업체나 연구기관에서는 사업화와 특허연구에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1957-1966
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in the thigh meat quality of Ross 308 broiler from conventional and welfare farms. Methods: Thigh meat samples of Ross 308 broilers (age, 35 d; carcass weight, 1.1 kg) from conventional farm (RCF, n = 60) and animal welfare farms (RAWF, n = 60) were analyzed. Proximate composition, pH, color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), water-holding capacity (WHC), shear force, total aerobic bacteria (TAB), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) were measured and the levels of bioactive compounds such as dipeptides (anserine and carnosine), creatine, creatinine, and their anti-oxidation activity were determined. Results: The RCF and RAWF did not differ significantly in their proximate composition, WHC, color, and creatine and carnosine levels. The pH value was significantly lower in RAWF than in RCF on day 7. The shear force value was significantly higher in RAWF than in RCF throughout the storage duration. TAB in RCF on day 9 were significantly higher than those in RAWF. The VBN content of RAWF was significantly lower than that of RCF after 5 days of storage. Creatinine content was significantly higher in RAWF (3.50 mg/100 g) than in RCF (3.08 mg/100 g) on day 1. Along with higher carnosine and anserine contents of RAWF, it had significantly higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities than those of RCF. Conclusion: These results imply that the animal welfare farming system beneficially affects the overall oxidative stability of Ross 308 thigh meat.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to prepare stable water-in-corn oil (W/O) emulsion droplets coated by polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). W/O emulsions (20 wt% aqueous phase, 80 wt% oil phase containing 8 wt% PGPR) were produced by high pressure homogenization (Emulsions 1), however, appreciable amount of relatively large water droplets (d>$10{\mu}m$) were found. To facilitate droplet disruption, viscosity of each phase was adjusted: (i) increased the viscosity of aqueous phase by adding 0.1 wt% xanthan (Emulsions 2); (ii) decreased the viscosity of oil phase and aqueous phase by heating them separately at $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr immediately before emulsification (Emulsions 3). Homogenizing at the elevated temperature clearly led to a smaller water droplet size, whereas xanthan neither improved nor adversely affected on the microstructures of the emulsions. In addition, the Emulsions 3 had good stability to droplet aggregation under shearing stress, thermal processing, and long term storage.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.58-73
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• 1995

Membrane filtration is a promising technology for efficient solid/liquid separation in water purification. In FY 1991, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japanese Government launched a comprehensive research project "MAC 21" for development of membrane technology and its application to public water supply. The project was conducted by the Water Purification Process Association (WPPA), under the supervision of the Institute of Public Health. By the research project from FY 1991 to FY 1993, we confirmed that microfiltration (MF)/ultrafiltration (UF) technology was applicable to water purification and MF/UF was a effective method for the removal of such contaminants as particulate matter and coliforms. The Guideline Committee organized under the Technical Committee prepared a the guidelines on application of membrane system to small-scale public water supplies, based on the results as written above. The guidelines has been published in Dec., 1994 by WPPA.4 by WPPA.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of aquatic walking exercise on gait and balance parameters of elderly women. Method: 15 elderly people were recruited for this study (age: 73.20±5.19 yrs, height: 153.87±3.36 cm, mass: 60.33±5.73 kg). All variables were measured using Gaitview AFA-50. The variables were the heel contact time ratio, gait angle, and M/P change ratio for gait patterns and ENV, REC, RMS, Total Length, TLC, Sway velocity, and Length/ENV for balance abilities. A paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out to verify the differences in the test scores after participating in the water walking program. The significance level for all statistical analyses was set to α=.05. Results: As for the changes in their walking function after the exercise, heel contact time ratio (p<.01) showed a statistical significance, while gait angle and M/P change ratio did not reveal statistically significant differences. In the test of balance ability on both feet and with eyes opened, statistical significance was found in ENV, REC, RMS, TLC (p<.01), and sway velocity (p<.05), while the test with eyes closed showed statistical significance in length/ENV as well as ENV, REC, RMS, sway velocity (p<.01) TLC, and total length (p<.05). As for the single-leg stance balance ability, ENV and REC revealed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: These results show that water walking is effective for improving the function of the ankle flexor muscles, providing stability to the ankle joint during walking and helping efficient walk. In addition, it is also expected to help prevent falls due to loss of balance by improving the stability of lower extremity muscles and trunk.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.762-768
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• 2014

Starvation에 의해서 down-regulation 되는 유전자 10개를 얻었다(Comt, RGN, Scd1, Temt, Idi1, Fabp5, Car3, Cyp2c70, Pinx1, Poldip3). 이들은 starvation에 의한 대사변화의 대부분은 liver와 관련된 것으로 볼 수 있다. Starvation중에 물 공급은 암수 동일하게 apoptosis, autophage, endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC)유도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이 같이 starvation에 의해서 down-regulation되는 유전자발현조절이 liver에 국한된 것이라기보다는 개체의 항상성유지에 관련 많은 pathway가 관련되어있는 것으로 판단된다. 장기간의 간혈 starvation은 glucose소비가 많은 brain과 면역기능조절에 중요한 thymus의 정상기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 유전자 Scd1의 경우는 ♀보다가 ♂이 민감한 반응을 보이는 것으로 보아 ♀/♂의 성 특이적인 대사에 starvation과 NaCl이 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 보인다. Starvation시 물 공급도 중요하지만 개체의 항상성유지에 NaCl공급이 중요하다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the level of community environmental perception of older adults and to identify the association between environmental perception and subjective health status among older persons. Methods: Analyses are based on data from Statistics Korea 2016 Social Survey. This study analyzed a total of 8,193 older adults aged 65 and over, and examined the association between environmental perception on air, water, soil, noise and vibration, and subjective health status using multiple regression analysis. Results: Study findings shown that environmental perception on water and soil had significant association with subjective health status of older adults. Specifically, older adults reported worse health status when they had more negative perceptions of water and soil environments in their communities. Conclusions: Results of this study suggested that efforts to enhance safety of drinking water and soil environments, and continuous research to identify relationship between environment and elderly health shoud be needed.