• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.24
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• pp.49-53
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to present regression equations between reservoir water quality and land use types of the watersheds. In order to derive regression equations, a multiple linear regression analysis was used using observed data from 88 reservoirs in the Kyungpook Provcince. The measured values of BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P were correlated with the areas of land use types. 23 regression equations were obtained for all the water quality items and watershed sizes. The results showed that 2 regression equations have the multiple correlation coefficient(MCC) above 0.90, 10 regression equations have the MCC values from 0.70 to 0.90, 9 equations have the MCC from 0.40 to 0.70, and 2 equations have the MCC from 0.20 to 0.40. The results of this study can be used to estimate reservoir water quality simply and quickly in the planning phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2016

For the slip resistance test of shower room floor, the "O-Y Pull Slip Meter method (O-Y·PSM)" regulated under KS M 3510. This test method uses cooking oil as a substitute of soapy water, and thus it does not reflect the real condition. In this study, on 10 types of floor material samples, the Coefficient of Slip Resistance Bath (CSR·B) on bare foot between 10 types of body wash solution and 6 types of SDS solution was compared. The body wash solution is a mixture of soap and water in 1:20 ratio. As a result, SDS 0.1% solution was the most suitable for a substitute of soapy water in shower.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2002

Volumetric soil water contents through a soil profile were monitored to identify the effects of tillage systems and soil physico-chemical characteristic on soil water movement from the soil profile. Water content profiles under no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices were compared at two commercial farms in central Illinois from 1992 through 1994, using neutron-scattering techniques in weekly intervals during each growing season. The volumetric water content of surface soil layers was affected more by tillage systems and rainfall amounts, whereas that of the subsoil layers was more strongly affected by soil types. Soil water percolated faster through Saybrook and Catlin soils than through Drummer, Flanagan, and Ipava soils because Saybrook and Catlin soils have lower clay content and water-retention capacity and higher permeability than Drummer, Flanagan, and Ipava soils. Increased soil organic matter (SOM) in Drummer, Flanagan, and Ipava soils would be attributable to the higher soil water retention than other soil types. Soil water contents in the corn root zone were consistently higher under CT plots than under NT plots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.346-349
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• 1997

It is well known that water treeing is one of the main cause of breakdown in underground power cables, but water tree is not easy to observe. This aging phenomenon was resulted in effect of water and electric field and so on. In this paper, Distilled water was used as water electrode to observe the water treeing in XLPE(cross-linked polyethylene). To observe easily, sample was made of pallet types so water tree was able to show by microscope. As a result, electrical tree appears at niddle electrode tip which was concentrated electric field, but water tree was shown up different types that were appealed in total area of water electrode as well as water electrode tip.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.662-666
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• 2007

Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) with different wt% water was studied gravimetrically as well as with 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The composition of PVB samples changes during MAS NMR because of the centrifugal force. As MAS time progresses, initially free water was removed fast but bound water also was gradually depleted. More water was diminished at faster spinning speeds, longer spinning time, higher temperatures, and higher initial water contents. As water in PVB was reduced, the chemical shifts and line widths of different types of water and also those of PVB changed. Our results demonstrate that 1H MAS NMR carried out at 10 kHz in less than about 5 minutes is a convenient and sensitive technique to measure: (a) the content variations of different types of water in polymers, (b) the degree of the interaction of water and polymer, and (c) the molecular dynamics of the polymer. Our study can be extended to different soft polymers with other small molecules than water in them.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.747-757
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• 2014

Since the air contamination by air pollutants from indoor construction materials and daily supplies has been increased in recent decades, the public interest of using environmentally friendly products and improving indoor air quality also attracted much attention. As known as effects of phytoncide, it has been used in construction materials and daily supplies with various method. In this study, hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) was used because of its high contents of phytoncide. The leaves of hinoki cypress (C. obtusa), which generated by pruning, were extracted by steam distillation, and then used as humidification water source. Volatile organic compound (VOC) from C. obtusa were characterized by GC-MS (Gas chromatograph-Mass spectrophotometry) in order to evaluate effects and risks of using C. obtusa extracts. Total 86 types and 116 types of VOC were detected from distilled water (DI water) and C. obtusa extracts, respectively. Aromatic compounds (DI water: 13 types, 53%; C. obtusa extracts: 13 types, 38%) and terpenoids (DI water: 16 types, 23%; C. obtusa extracts: 23 types, 33%) were detected more diverse types and higher amount than other compound categories. No additional aromatic compounds were found from C. obtusa extracts, so C. obtusa extracts did not affect on aromatic compounds emission. However, in terpenoids, total amount of emission from C. obtusa extracts increased to 33% from 23% (DI water) and 7 more types of compounds were found from C. obtusa extracts. Especially, from C. obtusa extracts, terpinen-4-ol was emitted 71 times higher than DI water. During the humidification with C. obtusa extracts, emitted terpenoid compounds were well known for higher anti-bacterial, anti-insect, and anti-septic functions, but also these had anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer activities. Therefore, terpenoids from C. obtusa extracts can help to improve public health by using humidifier.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.104-112
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of white pan bread according to the different types of water (tap water (still water), purified water, still water, light water, classical water, and bold water). Pan breads were statistically analyzed using texture profile analysis, fermentation, texture, suitability, image analysis, color, moisture content, and statistical analysis. This result will contribute to the commercialization of pan bread using various kinds of water. Ultimately, we analyzed the quality characteristics of various kinds of water, depending on the carbonic acid content on the dough and the pan bread, and to derive the optimum kinds and ratios of the water to be applied to the pan bread. As a result of the study, the best findings were obtained with water containing carbonic acid content more than the classical water according to overall characteristics, durability (Width of Tail and Integral), foot efficiency, softness, volume and preference check. Therefore, when white pan bread is produced by using water containing a carbonic acid content (5~7.5 mg/L) or more of the classical water, it affects the quality characteristics and a good obtains positive response to from consumers. In this study, the quality characteristics of pan bread based different kinds of water which were not available in the past, and the quality characteristics of pan bread, which can be used as the basic data for future research, were well analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.567-572
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• 2002

This research investigates experimentally an effect on the quality performances of the high flowing concrete according to binder types. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix proportion of the high flowing concrete having good flowability, viscosity and no-segregation. For this purpose, two types using belite cement＋lime stone powder(LSP) and furnace slag cement+lime stone powder are selected and tested by design factors including water cement ratio, fine and coarse aggregate volume ratio. As test results of this study, the optimum mix proportion for binder types is as followings. 1) One type based belite cement ; water cement ratio $51^{\circ}C$, fine aggregate volume ratio $43^{\circ}C$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $53^{\circ}C$, replacement ratio of LSP $42.7^{\circ}C$. 2) Another type based slag cement : water cement ratio $41^{\circ}C$, fine aggregate volume ratio $47^{\circ}C$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $53^{\circ}C$, replacement ratio of LSP $13.5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.251-261
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• 1997

According to consumer's washing behavior, the washing efficiency of three different types of washing machines-pulsator, agitator, and drum was studied. Their detergency, rinsing efficiency, and the degree of fabric damage, tangle, and wrinkle were evaluated. The results showed that efficient washing capacity was different from the specified capacity of washing machine. Detergency and rinsing efficiency frere apparently decreased when more than 50% of capacity was loaded in washing machine of pulsator type, and 80% for agitator or drum types. They were also affected by detergent adding methods, and decreased in the order of water-detergent-washing load> washing load-detergent-water> washing load-water-detergent. Rinsing efficiency was significantly improved when the rinsing temperature was set above washing temperature. In addition, it was revealed that detergency, fabric damage, wrinkle, and tangle were highly correlated. The relationships between detergency and tangle were different for different types of washing machine. Positive relationships were found for agitator and drum types, whereas negative for pulsator type.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 2004

The GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management System, version 3.0) water quality model was used to predict hydrology and water quality and to evaluate the effects of soil types from a cattle-grazed pasture field of Bermuda-Rye grass rotation with poultry litter application as a fertilizer in North Alabama. The model was applied and evaluated by using four years (1999-2002) of field-measured data to compare the simulated results for the 2.71- ha Summerford watershed. $R^2$ values between observed and simulated runoff, sediment yields, TN, and TP were 0.91, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.69, respectively. EI (Efficiency Index) of these parameters were 0.86, 0.67, 0.70, and 0.48, respectively. The statistical parameters indicated that GLEAMS provided a reasonable estimation of the runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient losses at the studied watershed. The soil infiltration rates were compared with the rainfall events. Only high intensity rainfall events generated runoff from the watershed. The measured and predicted infiltration rates were higher during dry soil conditions than wet soil conditions. The ratio of runoff to precipitation was ranging from 2.2% to 8.8% with average of 4.3%. This shows that the project site had high infiltration and evapotranspiration which generated the low runoff. The ratio of runoff to precipitation according to soil types by the GLEAMS model appeared that Sa (Sequatchie fine sandy loam) soil type was higher and Wc (Waynesboro fine sandy loam, severely eroded rolling phase) soil type relatively lower than the weighted average of the soil types in the watershed. The model under-predicted runoff, sediment yields, TN, and TP in Wb (Waynesboro fine sandy loam, eroded undulating phase) and Wc soil types. General tendency of the predicted data was similar for all soil types. The model predicted the highest runoff in Sa soil type by 105% of the weighted average and the lowest runoff in Wc soil type by 87% of the weighted average