• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

1968년 우리나라 소방법이 제정된 이래 최근에는 건축물이 초고층화 및 초심도 등 환경적으로 급변하고 있다. 이러한 환경적 변화에 따른 소방력의 적절한 대응은 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 그 중에서 소화수원은 소방력의 근원이 되는 매우 중요한 인자이다. 이에 중국, 일본, 미국의 소방법을 통하여 우리나라의 소화수원공급 시간 및 소화수원을 비교하였으며 각 수계소화시스템에 대해 건축물 용도, 면적, 층수 그리고 위험 급별로 소화수 유량(flow rate), 소화수 공급시간, 소화수원량 등을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 중국, 일본, 미국 주변국가의 소화수원 산정 기준을 비교하여 우리나라의 소화수원 기준이 이 국가들과 비교해 다른 점과 유사한 점은 무엇이며 장, 단점에 대해 조사했다. 주변 국가들을 통해 우리나라의 소화수원 기준이 국제적으로 어떤 위치에 있는지 확인할 수 있었으며 이를 통해 보다 발전된 소화수원 기준에 대한 발전적 제안을 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2013

물발자국은 제품과 서비스를 생산하는데 전과정 혹은 전체 공급망에서 사용된 담수의 양을 나타낸다. 물발자국 평가는 인간의 활동과 관련된 물의 희소성 및 오염과 관련된 정보를 파악하는데 보다 많은 정보를 주기 때문에 물소비관점에서 지속가능한 물관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 물발자국 제도의 도입을 위해서 물발자국 데이터베이스/물계정이 필수적인데 국내에서 전 산업부분에 적용할 수 있는 DB가 전무하다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 산업연관분석법을 이용해 국내의 403개 산업분야에 대한 물발자국 인벤토리를 개발하는 것이다. 주요 연구결과로는 농업분야의 물사용량이 전체 직접수의 79%를 차지하며, 공업분야는 간접수의 사용량이 82%로 주를 이루는 것으로 분석되었다. 물사용량은 벼가 가장 많지만, 다음은 수산양식과 과일 생산으로 조사되었고, 가장 물사용강도($m^3$/원)가 높은 것은 비식용작물(103,263 $m^3$/백만원)로 분석되었고, 이와 같은 결과는 비식용작물(초지생산등)의 직접수는 많지만 경제적 가치가 매우 낮아 높은 물사용강도를 보여주고 있다. 다음은 육림, 철광석, 원목, 수산양식, 상수도, 잡곡 등의 순으로 물사용 강도가 높게 나타났다. 전체적 관점에서 총 물사용량중56%가 간접수가 차지하기 때문에 간접수를 고려한 산업분야의 수자원관리, 즉 공급망에서 전과정을 고려한 관리가 물사용 효율성을 높이는데 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 전과정 개념과 산업연관분석법을 이용한 물사용강도 자료는 물발자국 도입시 제품단위 물발자국 산정의 기초 인벤토리로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.86-105
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• 2005

The plan of developing a fishing village and port will be indirectly funded by the government. In the short term, there will be five different multi-functional fishing village models which are based on the first industry to attach to the third industry of marine sports experience tourism. In the long run, they have to be reached gradually. The popular scenic spot of the marine sports experience tourism is made by human resources and fundamental installations considering that it must be done in unpolluted water. It is necessary to separate the fish harbor into two sides. One side is an existing fishing industry. The other side is made up of several pontoons for the marine sports equipment of the marine mooring. It is necessary to build facilities, such as the mooring facility, the storage facility, the repair-check facility, supply-cleaning facility, information booth, accommodations, education facility, and a marine culture exchange facility.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

The study aims to investigate corporate social responsibility (CSR) best practices of the world automotive industry - Peugeot, BMW, Ford, Hyundai and Toyota among others - and recommend that they plan their business strategies and managerial responses accordingly. Based on the comparative research and case studies, this research finds that all five automobile manufacturers have taken very similar measures and actions in order to establish and maintain a high level of CSR practices. Sustainability was a core value in all five companies and served as a guiding principle in every aspect and approach of their business. This study finds that all five companies have CSR strategies in place to increase energy efficiency as well as reduce the usage and wastage of water in their production and plants. This research also finds that all companies monitor their suppliers and their own production process to ensure that they maintain their CSR standards. More impressively, this sustainable management practice is transferred along the companies' supply chain through education and training. Their suppliers and business partners are closely monitored to make sure that their high CSR standards are respected and followed. However, we find that there also are some differences in terms of their CSR deliveries and activities.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2010

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are 2 protozoan parasites responsible for waterborne diseases outbreaks worldwide. In order to assess the prevalence of these protozoans in drinking water samples in the northern part of Portugal and the risk of human infection, we have established a long term program aiming at pinpointing the sources of surface water, drinking water, and environmental contamination, working with the water-supply industry. Total 43 sources of drinking water samples were selected, and a total of 167 samples were analyzed using the Method 1623. Sensitivity assays regarding the genetic characterization by PCR and sequencing of the genes, 18S SSU rRNA, for Cryptosporidium spp. and $\beta$, -giardin for G. duodenalis were set in the laboratory. According to the defined criteria, molecular analysis was performed over 4 samples. Environmental stages of the protozoa were detected in 25.7% (43 out of 167) of the water samples, 8.4% (14 out of 167) with cysts of Giardia, 10.2% (17 out of 167) with oocysts of Cryptosporidium and 7.2% (12 out of 167) for both species. The mean concentrations were 0.1-12.7 oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. per 10 L and 0.1-108.3 cysts of Giardia duodenalis per 10 L. Our results suggest that the efficiency in drinking water plants must be ameliorated in their efficiency in reducing the levels of contamination. We suggest the implementation of systematic monitoring programs for both protozoa. To authors' knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the concentration of environmental stages of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water samples in the northern part of Portugal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2023

The supply of microbiological risk-free water is essential to keep food safety and public hygiene. And removal, inactivation, and destruction of microorganisms in drinking water are key for ensuring safety in the food industry. Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation is an attractive method for efficient disinfection of water without generating toxicity and adversely affecting human health. In this study, the disinfection efficiencies of UV-C irradiation on Shigella flexneri (Gram negative) and Listeria monocytogenes (Gram positive) at various concentrations in drinking water were evaluated using a water purifier. Their morphological and physiological characteristics after UV-C irradiation were observed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry combined with live/dead staining. UV-C irradiation (254 nm wavelength, irradiation dose: 40 mJ/cm²) at a water flow velocity of 3.4 L/min showed disinfection ability on both bacteria up to 10⁸ CFU/4 L. And flow cytometric analysis showed different physiological shift between S. flexneri and L. monocytogenes after UV-C irradiation, but no significant shift of morphology in both bacteria. In addition, each bacterium revealed different characteristics with time-course observation after UV-C irradiation: L. monocytogenes dramatically changed its physiological feature and seemed to reach maximum damage at 4 h and then recovered, whereas S. flexneri seemed to gradually die over time. This study revealed that UV-C irradiation of water purifiers is effective in disinfecting microbial contaminants in drinking water and provides basic information on bacterial features/responses after UV-C irradiation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2009

최근 원격검침에 대한 많은 방식의 연구 및 개발이 진행되고 있지만, 검침 값의 신뢰성, 전원공급 등 여러가지 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 포토커플러를 이용한 디지털 펄스 계량기와 RF 모듈을 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 구현한 포토커플러와 RF, CDMA 통신을 활용한 원격검침 시스템은 기존의 시스템의 전 과정을 무인자동화 할 수 있고, 구역별 사용량 데이터 관리로 누수 상태의 실시간 확인이 가능하다. 그리고 사용자가 직접 확인이 가능하여 민원발생을 최소화할 수 있을 것이다. 더 나아가 지속적으로 증가하는 고령 인구들에 대한 실버산업의 일환으로 독거노인들의 안전관리시스템으로도 도입할 수 있을 것이다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2011

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have developed into one of the most competitively researched nano-materials of this decade because of their structural uniqueness and excellent physical properties such as nanoscale one dimensionality, high aspect ratio, high mechanical strength, thermal conductivity and excellent electrical conductivity. Mass production and structure control of CNTs are key factors for a feasible CNT industry. Water and ethanol vapor enhance the catalytic activity for massive growth of vertically aligned CNTs. A shower system for gas flow improves the growth of vertically aligned single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) by controlling the gas flow direction. Delivery of gases from the top of the nanotubes enables direct and precise supply of carbon source and water vapor to the catalysts. High quality vertically aligned SWCNTs synthesized using plasma enhance the chemical vapor deposition technique on substrate with suitable metal catalyst particles. This review provides an introduction to the concept of the growth of vertically aligned SWCNTs and covers advanced topics on the controlled synthesis of vertically aligned SWCNTs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1779-1787
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• 2000

Southern and south-western Australia is a typical mediterranean environment, characterised by wet, cold winters and dry, hot summers. The evaporation rate varies significantly in summer, resulting in a high salinity of drinking water for grazing animals. In addition, a large amount of land in the cropping areas is affected by salt. Puccinellia, tall wheat grass and saltbushes have been planted to improve the soil condition and to supply feed for grazing animals. Animals grazing these areas often ingest an excessive amount of salt from soil, forage and drinking water which can reduce feed intake, increase the water requirement, depress growth and affect body composition as demonstrated in sheep. While the deer industry has been successfully developed in these regions, the potential impact of excessive salt intake on deer production is unknown. The salt tolerance has been well defined for sheep, cattle and other livestock species, but the variation between animal species, breeds within species, maturity status and grazing environments makes it impossible to apply these values directly to deer. To optimise deer production and effectively use natural resources, it is essential to understand the salt status of grazing deer and the impact of excessive salt intake on growth and reproduction of deer.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

Hydrogen - Oxygen gas has obtained from water electrolysis reaction. It is mixed gas havingconstant volume ratio 2:1 Hydrogen and Oxygen, and it is used as a source of thermal energy by combustion reaction. This gas has betterristics in the field of economy, efficiency of energy, and environmental intimacy than used both of acetylene gas and LPG for gas welding machin. So nowdays many studies of Water-Electrolyzed gas are progressed, and commercially used as a source of thermal energy for gas welding In the industry. For Water-Electrolyzed Source, it was used diode rectifier or SCR rectifier for get DC source. This method which is not looking to improve a source for impossible current control or voltage and limited control intervals. In this paper, it was relized and designed in source of pulse type for complementing existing-DC source type, also by experiment it was acquired producting characteristics of Hydrogen -Oxygen Gas through feature of source