• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.573-584
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the causes of fish kills in the Yudeung Stream in Daejeon, Korea using literature reviews, governmental and our water quality monitoring data of the study site, rainfall data, intensive water quality monitoring during rainfall events, sediment pollutant contents and laboratory bioassay tests. Fish kill in urban streams can be caused by combined effect of reduction in dissolved oxygen concentration, increase in toxic material or increase in turbidity in waterbody due to introduction of surface runoff or effluent of combined sewer overflows after rainfall from the watershed areas. Despite of extensive and intensive field surveys and laboratory tests, it was found that those conventional methods have limitations to identify causes of fish kills in urban streams. It would be necessary to use dynamic water quality modeling to predetermine the range and level of water pollution in the stream and automatic water quality monitoring system that can collect water samples and detect water quality continuously.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.717-722
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• 2013

The wastewater reclamation and reusing system has been rising as an alternative of water resource exhaustion that the whole world is experiencing. In order to be able to bring about improvement of the existing wastewater reclamation and reusing system, this research has developed of Conversion-Human Machine Interaction (C-HMI) based real-time control and monitoring system such as a sensor module and gate module, web monitoring system. This system was communication almost-error-free in various environment and situation. As a result, we have achieved our goal that has to doing work correctly as a sensor and gateway module that communication error is less than 0.2% throughout the embodied system and add that it can be easily controled and configured as an interface equipment to a complex sensor of water quality. According to this, the construction of a database capable of analyzing and assessing collection, storage and various elements of reliable water quality and flow rate data can be possible.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-63
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• 2024

One of the biggest dangers in the globe is water contamination. Water is a necessity for human survival. In most cities, the digging of borewells is restricted. In some cities, the borewell is allowed for only drinking water. Hence, the scarcity of drinking water is a vital issue for industries and villas. Most of the water sources in and around the cities are also polluted, and it will cause significant health issues. Real-time quality observation is necessary to guarantee a secure supply of drinking water. We offer a model of a low-cost system of monitoring real-time water quality using IoT to address this issue. The potential for supporting the real world has expanded with the introduction of IoT and other sensors. Multiple sensors make up the suggested system, which is utilized to identify the physical and chemical features of the water. Various sensors can measure the parameters such as temperature, pH, and turbidity. The core controller can process the values measured by sensors. An Arduino model is implemented in the core controller. The sensor data is forwarded to the cloud database using a WI-FI setup. The observed data will be transferred and stored in a cloud-based database for further processing. It wasn't easy to analyze the water quality every time. Hence, an Optimized Neural Network-based automation system identifies water quality from remote locations. The performance of the feed-forward neural network classifier is further enhanced with a hybrid GA- PSO algorithm. The optimized neural network outperforms water quality prediction applications and yields 91% accuracy. The accuracy of the developed model is increased by 20% because of optimizing network parameters compared to the traditional feed-forward neural network. Significant improvement in precision and recall is also evidenced in the proposed work.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2017

In this study, the water quality index was calculated using the water quality monitoring data in the Nakdong River water system and the water quality status was compared with the living standard. The water quality index was selected by the RWQI method CCME-WQI currently used by the Ministry of Environment. The water quality items were selected as 7 items for pH, DO, EC, water temperature, TOC, T-N and T-P. The evaluation period was selected from the last three years (2013~2015) and water quality monitoring data measured within the period were used. As a result of the evaluation, the results of the previous evaluation showed similar tendency to the index of living environment, but the monthly evaluation showed different BOD and T-P results. Therefore, it is concluded that it is more reliable that more complex evaluation than single water quality evaluation is needed for efficient river management.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.2 s.48
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• pp.145-152
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• 2006

Industry development caused numerical and quantitative increase of noxious chemical substances that contain risk assessment in water resources. For use of efficient water resources a pre-treatment of contaminant source which is flowed in water resources is recognized in essential process. Therefore, the discharged water quality from discharged company began to control contaminant by total amount of pollutant in domestic. However, to estimate closely chemical substances it is not proved up to now, monitoring is very important. This study achieved a monitoring of micro noxious chemical substance by fiber and chemistry industrial wastewater inflow to examine risk assessment of the water system of Nakdong river. Chloroform was measured highest among volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that the results of water quality of influent and effluent are detected from 7 companies of study area. The other side, because measured value of detected chloroform is indefinite detection level in the same company, it is difficulty in management of water quality. However it may not be much effects of the water system of Nakdong river because these company's effluent is high treatment efficiency of chloroform (more than 88%) in sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, in the investigated results for the European Union specified priority substance that is detected to relationship influent and effluent from fiber/chemistry associated industries, these substances were not detected and domestic data was hardly referred. Therefore, data construction of continuous monitoring about this water quality may have to be achieved certainly to utilize as country policy.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop a plan for effective performance of a watershed through correct identification of a river watershed by using the flowrate of the river and water quality data, which is the basis for the establishment of the water environment policy. The target river for water quality improvement was selected based on the monitoring result for 4 water systems in Chungcheongnamdo province in the recent 3 years. The result of analysis for the distribution of discharge capacity by a pollution source group for the water quality improvement target river showed that most of the target river has a high discharge capacity in the water system for living and livestock. Analysis for the density of the total discharge capacity of the whole watershed of Chungcheongnamdo indicated that the river that needs water quality improvement has high BOD concentration and high discharge load density at the point that this river is located. Thus, for efficient watershed management through selection and concentration, Chungcheongnamdo needs to improve the target river in priority. Stepwise planning is also required to establish and execute the water quality improvement in order to satisfy said target water quality, and establish the index for the water improvement rate for its evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.731-739
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• 2007

In this study, water quality monitoring focused on TOC was performed at 5 points in Mihocheon (Stream) from January to December 2006. And 10 parameters (water temperature, pH, DO, EC, turbidity, SS, BOD, $PO_4-P$, TOC, TN) were monitored every month for one year. According to this study, TOC increased towards the lower stream (#4~#5). Correlation coefficients between TOC and DO, EC, turbidity, SS, BOD, $PO_4-P$, TN were -0.126, 0.351, 0.320, 0.286, 0.711, 0.525, 0.666. TOC was highly related to BOD. As a result of linear regression analysis, regression equation between BOD and TOC was BOD=0.58TOC+1.90 ($R^2=0.506$). In Mihocheon (Stream), BOD/TOC ratio decreased towards the lower stream. This results show decrease of ratio of biodegradable organic material to total organic pollutants towards the lower stream. This study is significant since it has revealed the potential value of TOC as organic material indicator for inquiry of water quality characteristics in the natural water system.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

The Chongok karst cave which is located in Donghae-city, has high tourist and educational value due to existence of many doline(sink hole). Whereas this cave is easy to approach for the tourists, because this cave is located near the downtown, a high environmental riskiness such as sewage flowing has been also involved. In study, we observed the variation of water quality with long-term monitoring and investigated the possibility of existence of impact factor to water eco-system and determined the proper long-term monitoring factor among many monitoring criteria. The groundwater quality was maintained in the range of about $14^{\circ}C$ in temperature, over 10mg/l in dissolved oxygen and 7-8 in pH, so the impact factor in water eco-system was not observed. The guide line to make sure of tourist safety was determined to 60mm/d as daily rainfall. The conductivity was suggested to main factor for long-term monitoring main factor and pH/turbidity was suitable for the supplementary factor. For the seasonal variation monitoring, ORP was recommended.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce various attempts to transmit sensor data efficiently for design of a water quality monitoring system under the USN environment. The representative methods are the sensor management on a sensor node and the clustering on a sink node. The sensor management includes controls of sensing intervals, data accumulations, and data transmissions. And the clustering is one of efficient data compression methods using data mining technology. From the experimental results we confirmed that the proposed transmission method using the sensor management and the clustering outperformed common transmission method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2017

Recently, environmental problems have become an area of growing interests. In-situ monitoring of water quality is fundamental to most environmental applications. The accurate measurement of nitrate concentrations is fundamental to understanding biogeochemistry in aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have reported that one of the most feasible methods to measure nitrate concentration is the use of Ion Selective-electrodes (ISEs). The ISE application to water monitoring has several advantages, such as direct measurement methodology, high sensitivity, wide measurement range, low cost, and portability. However, the ISE methods may yield inconsistent results where there was a difference in temperature between the calibration and measurement solutions, which is associated with the temperature dependence of ionic activity coefficients in solution. In this study, to investigate the potential of using the combination of a temperature sensor and nitrate ISEs for minimizing the effect of temperature on real-time nitrate sensing in natural water, a prototype of on-site water monitoring system was built, mainly consisting of a sensor chamber, an array of 3 ISEs, an waterproof temperature sensor, an automatic sampling system, and an arduino MCU board. The analog signals of ISEs were obtained using the second-order Sallen-key filter for performing voltage following, differential amplification, and low pass filtering. The performance test of the developed water nitrate sensing system was conducted in a monitoring station of drinking water located in Jeongseon, Kangwon. A temperature compensation method based on two-point normalization was proposed, which incorporated the determination of temperature coefficient values using regression equations relating solution temperature and electrode signal determined in our previous studies.