• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2001

Liquid fossil fuel contaminated by water can cause trouble in the combustion processes and affect the endurance of a combustion system. Using an optical sensor to monitor the water content instantaneously in a fuel pipeline is an effective means of controlling the fuel quality in a combustion system. In two component liquid flows of oil and water, the flow pattern and characteristics of water droplets are changed with various flow conditions. Additionally, the light scattering of the optical sensor measuring the water content is also dependent on the flow patterns and droplet characteristics. Therefore, it is important to investigate the detailed behavior of water droplets in the pipeline of the fuel transportation system. In this study, the flow patterns and characteristics of water droplets in the turbulent pipe flow of two component liquids of gasoline and water were investigated using optical measurements. The dispersion of water droplets in the gasoline flow was visualized, and the size and velocity distributions of water droplets were simultaneously measured by the phase Doppler technique. The Reynolds number of the gasoline pipe flow varied in the range of $4{\times}10^{4}\;to\;1{\times}10^{3}$, and the water content varied in the range of 50 ppm to 300 ppm. The water droplets were spherical and dispersed homogeneously in all variables of this experiment. The velocity of water droplets was not dependent on the droplet size and the mean velocity of droplets was equal to that of the gasoline flow. The mean diameter of water droplets decreased and the number density increased with the Reynolds number of the gasoline flow.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.799-806
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• 2004

Recently, as the forerunner in establishing the Northeast Asia's logistics base, a lot of marine engineering works such as new ports and container terminals, extension of old ports, new bridges, land reclamation etc. have been progressed. Parallel to it, there is also an increasing demand for improving the safety of construction. In this situation, high resolution seismic reflection profiling can be well used, attempting to classify rocks and sediments under water, if possible, to delineate the distribution of grain sizes in sediments not only for calculating the cost of removing sediments from harbour's channels, but also for estimating the bearing capacities for bridge or port construction. However, the results from the corresponding reflection survey that has been in operation in our country can not be effectively used for engineering purposes mostly due to the insufficient resolution. Thus. in this paper, two innovative strategies are introduced to enhance resolution. The one deals with a newly designed exploration barge that will help reduce several kinds of noises encountered electrically or operationally. The other is associated with an establishment of optimum measuring system comprising e.g. a specially devised hydrophone with a combination of 7 piezoelectric elements. Field experiments performed at Busan harbour are illustrated. The quality of acquired data was thereby fundamentally improved in comparison with that obtained at the same time in a conventional way.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.334-334
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• 2022

Improvement of old-fashioned rain gauge systems for automatic, timely, continuous, and accurate precipitation observation is highly essential for weather/climate prediction and natural hazards early warning, since the occurrence frequency and intensity of heavy and extreme precipitation events (especially floods) are recently getting more increase and severe worldwide due to climate change. Although rain gauge accuracy of 0.1 mm is recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the traditional rain gauges in both weighting and tipping bucket types are often unable to meet that demand due to several existing technical limitations together with higher production and maintenance costs. Therefore, we aim to introduce a newly developed and cost-effective hybrid rain gauge system at 0.1 mm accuracy that combines advantages of weighting and tipping bucket types for continuous, automatic, and accurate precipitation observation, where the errors from long-term load cells and external environmental sources (e.g., winds) can be removed via an automatic drainage system and artificial intelligence-based data quality control procedure. Our rain gauge system consists of an instrument unit for measuring precipitation, a communication unit for transmitting and receiving measured precipitation signals, and a database unit for storing, processing, and analyzing precipitation data. This newly developed rain gauge was designed according to the weather instrument criteria, where precipitation amounts filled into the tipping bucket are measured considering the receiver's diameter, the maximum measurement of precipitation, drainage time, and the conductivity marking. Moreover, it is also designed to transmit the measured precipitation data stored in the PCB through RS232, RS485, and TCP/IP, together with connecting to the data logger to enable data collection and analysis based on user needs. Preliminary results from a comparison with an existing 1.0-mm tipping bucket rain gauge indicated that our developed rain gauge has an excellent performance in continuous precipitation observation with higher measurement accuracy, more correct precipitation days observed (120 days), and a lower error of roughly 27 mm occurred during the measurement period.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.376-381
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• 1998

In this study, we was measured the radiance reflectance by using multi-spectral image of low resolution camera(LRC) which will be loaded in the multi-purpose satellite(KOMPSAT) to use the data in analyzing water pollution. Also we investigated the possibility of extraction of water quality factors in rivers and water body by using high resolution remote sensing data such as Airborne MSS. Especially, we tried to extract the environmental factors related with eutrophication, and also tried to develop the process technique and the radiance feature of reflectance related with eutrophication. The results were summarized as follows: First, the spectrum of sun's rays which reaches the surface of the earth was consistent with visible rays bands of 0.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and about 50% of total quantity of radiation were there. And at around 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band in visible rays bands, the spectrum was highest. Second, as a result of the radiance reflectance Chlorophyll-a represented high spectral reflectance mainly around 0.52${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band, and suspended sediments and turbidity represented high spectral reflectance at 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and at 0.57${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ each. Third, as a result of the water quality analysis by using Airborne MSS, Chlorophyll-a could have a distribution chart when carried out ratio of B3 and BS to B7. And Band 7 was useful for making the distribution chart of suspended sediments. And when we carried out PCA, suspended sediments and turbidity had distributions at PC 1 , PC 4 each similarly to ground truth data. Above results can be changed according to the change of season and time. Therefore, in order to analyze more exactly the environmental factors of water quality by using LRC data, we need to investigate constantly the ground truth data and the radiance feature of reflectance of water body. Afterward in this study, we will constantly analyze the radiance feature of the surface of water in water body by measuring the on-the-spot radiance reflectance and using low resolution satellite image(SeaWiFs). Besides, we will gather the data of water quality analysis in water body and analyze the pattern of water pollution.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

식수부족문제는 지표수와 지하수의 오염, 수처리의 어려움, 기반시설의 부재로 인해 많은 개발도상국에서 주로 발생하고 있다. 이에 빗물을 모아 식수로 이용하는 빗물식수화시설(RFD)이 매우 효과적인 대안으로 떠오르고 있으며, 전 세계적으로 빗물식수화시설 사업이 진행되고 있다. 대부분의 빗물식수화시설은 지역주민이 사업 종료 후부터 스스로 시설을 운영하도록 하기 때문에 빗물식수화시설 사업에 대한 지역주민의 인식이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 베트남에서 빗물식수화시설을 사용하는 총 209명의 현지 지역주민을 대상으로 설문조사와 면담을 실시하여 지역주민의 인식을 조사하였다. 지역주민들은 빗물식수화시설 사업의 효과성에 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있으며(41.9%), 빗물식수화시설 사업에 참여의향이 있는 것으로 나타났다(58.9%). 지역주민이 빗물식수화시설 사업에서 가장 기대하는 세가지 요소는 '안전한 식수의 공급', '마을공동체의 활성화', '빗물식수화시설의 확산'순으로 나타나 빗물식수화시설 사업에의 참여를 통해 안전한 식수를 공급받는 것을 가장 기대하는 것으로 파악되었다. 빗물식수화시설 사업에서 가장 우려하는 세가지 요소로는 '빗물의 수질', '빗물식수화시설의 설치 기술', '지역주민의 참여도'순으로 나타났으며, 특히 빗물식수화시설 사업의 종료 후의 빗물 수질과 시설의 유지관리를 우려하는 것으로 파악되었다. 빗물식수화시설 사업의 종료 후에도 지역주민이 성공적으로 빗물식수화시설을 운영하기 위해서는 빗물식수화시설의 수질을 용이하게 측정할 수 있는 간편한 수질 측정 도구의 개발과 지역주민 스스로가 빗물식수화시설에 관심을 가지고 유지관리를 할 수 있도록 빗물식수화시설에 대한 정기적인 교육을 진행하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2006

The EM 120, a newly installed multibeam echo sounder on RM Onnuri, has several advantages over the previously installed SeaBeam 2000 in performance and thus data quality. The EM 120 system provides a bottom topographic map with high resolution by (1) increasing the number of beams, (2) increasing the across track swath range, (3) measuring the more accurate sound velocity within the water column, and (4) improving stabilization for pitching, rolling, and yawing of the ship. This study compares EM 120 and SeaBeam 2000 echo sounders in terms of the data quality from the same survey area in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, NE Pacific. Our result shows that the EM 120 provides more precise topographic data than the SeaBeam 2000. Although overall trends of data, such as topographic direction and relief, are similar for both echo sounders, the water depths measured by the EM 120 are shallower than that of SeaBeam 2000 by 80 to 90 meters.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1990

The solid state detector system was constructed using commercially available rectifier diode for the assessment of quality assurance in radiotherapy. Dosimetry system which consists of the electrometer and the water phanton was used for measuring small field size scanning. The measured results, which had linearity in accordance with variation of radiation dose for gamma-ray of Co- 60 and 6 and 10MV photons of linear accelerator, showed quite linear characteristics within 1% error. The percent depth dose of 10MV photon of Mevatron KD linear accelerator was measured in small field size using diode, and the results were compared with that of using ion chambers. The results show that the difference of percent depth dose between the value of diode and that of ion chamber was negligible in large field size. However, in small size less than 4$\times$4cm, the difference of percent depth dose estimated by diode and ion chamber was 4.7% by extrapolation to 0$\times$0cm. Considering the smaller volume of diode than that of ion chamber, it might be more reliable to use diode for estimating percent depth dose. Above results suggest that diode can be used for routine check such as beam profile, flatness, symmetry and energy

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2015

우리나라의 대표적 딸기 수막재배지 중 하나인 청주시 가덕면 상대리 일대에서는 수막재배용 지하수 이용량이 몇가지 방법으로 산정된 바 있다. 이러한 지하수 이용량 산정 방법 중에는 수막재배 사용 후 배출되는 배수로의 유량을 근거로 하는 것이 있으며, 이러한 방법은 배수로의 물이 모두 사용 후 배출되는 지하수로만 구성되어 있다는 가정 하에 적용된다. 연구지역에서 지하수가 사용된 후 무심천으로 유출되기 직전의 최종 배수로는 비포장 상태이며 하천 가까이에 나란히 개설되어 있다. 이러한 상황에서는 배수로의 물이 인근 하천수의 침투 유입에 의한 영향을 받을 가능성이 있다. 이 연구는 상대리 지역에서와 유사한 하천과 배수로의 구조 및 형태를 가지는 경우에, 최종 배수로의 배출수가 수질의 관점에서 하천수의 영향을 받고 있는지의 여부를 검토해 보았다. 고려된 수질 요소는 현장 수온과 pH, EC 값, 실내 분석에 의한 이온 함량과 수질 유형이며, 현장 측정 및 시료 채취 기간은 2012년 2월부터 2015년 2월까지이다. 검토 결과, 배출수는 지하수의 평균 수질을 반영하지 않으며, 오히려 하천수의 수질을 많이 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 이로 보아, 연구지역에서와 같이 배수로가 인근 하천 가까이에서 비포장 상태를 유지하는 경우에는, 배출수의 유량 측정을 지하수 이용량 산정에 직접적으로 이용하는 데에 많은 주의가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 이 연구에서 배출수의 수온은 주변 대기 온도에 매우 민감하게 반응하여 변하기 때문에, 하천수의 영향을 정량적으로 판단하기는 부적절한 요소인 것으로 나타났다. 향후 배출수 내 지하수와 하천수의 혼합 비율을 정량적으로 산정하는 연구가 병행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is development and analysis of Effluence Characteristic of the Rainfall in the IRMA Green Roof System(developed in KICT) Plus 50 program is an internal research project at KICT(Korean Institute of Construction Technology) which has it as an object ; to lengthen the building's life 50-year or more and reduce energy conception 50% than present. Green roof system is one of the most important theme in the Plus 50 program. Generally, a Green Roof System has a positive effect on the thermal conductivity in winter, the micro cooling effect on building and city by evaporation in summer, the flood-control effect by runoff-reduction or the treated rainwater-quality of green roof system and so on. However, inspection of the physical effect of green roof system does not consider in Korea. Above all, long-term monitoring and a whole observation of green roof system is needed to probate the effect. So a new experimental method could be tried in this research, which is never attempted in Korea. The measurement by a bucket with a great volume, 1L, gives a new dimension of measuring green roof effect to measure the permanent running flood from a wide roof. This offers a reasonable result on a long-term measuring of a running water. Additionally, the thermal behavior of the IRMA(Insulated Roof Membrane Assembly), known in the western europe as a reasonable solution at green roof system by economical benefits and easy construction, would be experimented.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 논문집 통권 3호 Proceedings of the 2000 KSRS Spring Meeting
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Conventional methods for measuring winds provide wind velocity observations over limited area and time period. The use of satellite imagery for measuring wind velocity overcomes some of these limitations by providing wide area and near condinuous coverage. And its accurate depiction is essential for operational weather forecasting and for initialization of NWP models. GMS-5 provides full disk images at hourly intervals. At four times each day - 0500, 1100, 1700, 2300 hours UTC-a series of three images is received, separated by thirty minutes, centered at the four times. The current wind system generates winds from sets of 3 infrared(IR) images, separated by an hour, four times a day. It also produces visible(VIS) and water vapor(WV) image-based winds from half-hourly imagery four times a day. The derivation of wind from satellite imagery involves the identification of suitable cloud targets. tracking the targets on sequential images, associating a pressure height with the derived wind vector, and quality control. The aim of this research is to incorporate imagery from other available spectral channels and examine the error characteristics of winds derived from these images.