• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in promotion of the utilization of rainwater. In this paper, we compared qualities of the rainwater collected from the top of vinyl houses to those of precipitated rainwater itself in Jeju Island. The pH of the collected rainwater was acidic and lower than the precipitated one. As a storm progresses, the pH of the collected water gradually increases. Ranges of EC of the precipitated and collected rainwater were 1-118 and $1-475{\mu}S/cm$. Most of Cl and turbidity values of the collected rainwater were less than 20 mg/L and 20 NTU, while those of the precipitated rainwater were less than 10 mg/L and 5 NTU. Differences in qualities between precipitated and collected rainwater indicate that qualities of the collected rainwater should be changed by the first flush effects, and imply that long term continuous monitoring for the qualities of collected rainwater is essential to quantify the first flush phenomenon more accurately.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1998

The purpose of thins study was to investigate the pollutions of water Qualities in 30 water samples from Nakdong River Western Nakdong River, and Suyoung Stream. COB, BOD. T-N and negative ion(F, Cl+, NO3-, SO42-) of water samples were analysed and the correlationships between water qualities were examined. The mean concentrations of COD(20.26ppm), BOD(25.36ppm), and T-N(18.05ppm) were the highest in the water sample of Suyoung Stream among the three streams and those of F-(0.25ppm), Cl+(2770ppm), and SO42-(37.66ppm) In Western Nakdong River, that of NO3-(10.8 ppm) in Nakdong River. The water quality of Suyoung Stream was the worst among the three streams in hsn area. The correlationships between water qualities were as follows , BOD and COD showed very high correlationship(correlation cofficient, r=0.97),50,2- and NO3'did high one(0.75), and NOa'and COD, BOD did relatively high ones(0.56 and 0.48, respectively).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.11
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• pp.1477-1485
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• 2018

There are two major issues for activated sludge process in sewage treatment plant. One is how to make sewage be more clean and the other is the energy saving in sewage treatment process. The major monitoring sewage qualities are chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, nitrogen, suspended solid in effluent. These are transmitted to the national TMS(Telemetry Monitoring System) at every hour. If these exceed the environmental standard, the environmental charges imposed. So, these water qualities are to be controlled below the environmental standard in operation of sewage treatment plant. And recently, the energy saving is also important in process operation. Over 50% energy is consumed in blowers and motors for injection oxygen into aeration tank. So, with the water qualities to be controlled below the environmental standard, the energy saving also is to be accomplished for efficient plant management. Almost researches are aimed to control water quality without considering energy saving. AI techniques have been used for control water quality. AI modeling simulator provided the optimal control inputs(blower speed, waste sludge, return sludge) for control water quality. Blower speed is the main control input for activated sludge process. To make sewage be more clean, the excessive blower speed is supplied, but water quality is not better than the previous. In results, non necessary energy is consumed. In this paper we propose a new method that the energy saving also is to be accomplished with the water qualities to be controlled below the environmental standard for efficient plant management. Water qualities in only aeration tank are used the inputs of fuzzy models. Outputs of these models are chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, nitrogen, suspended solid in effluent and have the environmental standards. In test, we found this method could save 10% energy than the previous methods.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

The quality of water in Kyungan stream was analyzed in three different areas between season of irrigation on May and of nonirrigation on august in 1990. The results of Water quality from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The quality of water is season of irrigation containing metal ions, such as Cu and Zn as well as TN was exceeded standard levels of quality of agricultural water However, in season of nonirrigation, the quality of water in Kyungan stream was not suitable for using agricultural water due to over standard levels of containing ions of Cu and Zn or DO, COD and TN. 2. The correlation of water quality exception of pH was shown a reliance when p values were greater than 0.01 for containing ions such as Cu and Zn with the DO, COD and TN. 3. The comparison of water qualities for pH between season of irrigation and season of nonirrigation in Kyungan stream was a considerable significance property when p values were less than 0.05. The water quality containing ions of Cu and Zn with DO, COD, TN and SS also indicated a significant property when p values were less than 0.01. 4. The average water qualities of a year in three different areas for pH have shown a significant property when p values are less than 0.01. The average water qualities of a year containing DO have also shown a significant property having p values of less than 0.05. But other constituents have shown no significant property in the above three different areas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 1999

The environmental conditions in smallholder dairy farms especially the effects of dairy wastes on waters and soil were the main objectives of this investigation. Forty-three dairy farms from an older dairy cooperative (Nongpho Dairy Cooperative, NP) were compared with four dairy fauns from relatively new dairy cooperative (Kamphaengsaen Dairy Cooperative, KS) for the quality parameters of water and soil samples during a 12-month period. Forty-three farms at NP were from three geographical areas and three levels farm crowdedness. The results from this study clearly showed that the waste waters from older dairy barns contained much higher levels of organic and inorganic substances which could create environmental pollution if not properly managed. The differences in waste water qualities due to areas and seasons were not significant, while waste water samples from crowded farms tended to contain higher averages of waste water parameters such as COD and BOD. Highly significant correlations between pairs of waste water parameters indicated that certain parameters can be used without the need for chemical analysis of some other parameters. The qualities of well water on dairy farms as well as water samples from public waterways nearby indicated some contamination of dairy wastes such as manure. Storage and sun-drying of dairy manure on bare soil surface could result in the contamination of underground water and nearby water sources. Some recommendations from this study if implemented can prevent environmental pollution in smallholder dairy farms.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 1983

Near future dynamics of water qualities (nutrient concentration) of the Han River was predicted, based on a mathematical model representing the relationship between the nutrient concentration in th river wagter and environmental factors (population density, land-use types, rock compositions and nutrient accumulation) in the basin. The population density and land-use types were forecasted to change distinctly in the downstream area, especially in Seoul City area in 1985~1990 whereas any environmental factor was not expected to change its level significantly in both upstream and middle reaches areas. It was indicated by the model that the nutrients concentration in the up- and mid-streams would keep its level in future as it was, but it would increase drastially in the downstream area. For the preservation of the water qualities in the downstream at least to keep its level as it was in 1980, practical countermeasures were proposed, based on the assessment of the contribution of each environmental factor to the water qualities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2007

Based on the experiment results of laboratory scale modified anoxic-oxic process for leachate treatment, biological nitrogen removal program was verified in terms of SS, COD, and TN concentration. These measured water qualities concentration could be predicted by biological nitrogen removal program with $R^2$ of 0.994, 0.987, 0.990, respectively. No error was occurred between water qualities concentration and quite wide range of water qualities concentration (i.e., 50-4200 mg/L) during the modelling. Each unit and final effluent of simulated concentration was kept good relationship with that of measured concentration therefore this biological nitrogen removal program for sewage or wastewater treatment plants has good reliance.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 2011

We analyzed the variations of water quality with flow regime alterations to determine the characteristics of the stream where the stream management is considerably difficult due to the high variability of the flow rates. In this study, both flow rates and water qualities were monitored at the tributaries, 34 in count, of both Geum River and Sabgyo Lake Basins. The variation of water qualities were divided into 2 types, based on their stream flow rates, known as Type I and Type II. If the water quality of a stream increases during low flow rate periods compared with high flow rate periods, it is classified as Type I; if the water quality of the stream increases during high flow rate periods compared with low flow rate periods, it falls under Type II. The analysis for the variations of water qualities, of all 43 basins, resulted to 24 basins under Type I and Nineteen 19 basins under Type II. The variations of water qualities were analyzed first by using Regression Analysis followed by Statistical Analysis. The average slope of the variations of water qualities and the slope of the standard deviations were 0.00135 and 0.00477, respectively. The Probability Distributions of both Type I and Type II basins were 61.1% and 38.9%, respectively. The basin having a probability distribution of 61.1% and is also known as Type I, increases during periods of low flow rates, due to the presence of point sources. Therefore, the basin should be enforced with stream management. Before the stream management can be implemented in all streams falling under Type II, the sources of contaminants should first be estimated. These contaminants can be classified into two parts, the first is Point source pollution and the second is Non-point source pollution, where the Non-Point source pollution can be sub-divided into two types, with storm runoff and without storm runoff.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2006

Maintaining adequate chlorine residual is crucial in water treatment facilities, Treatment technique, newly promulgated regulation, requires sufficient disinfection in order to control more resistant microorganisms such as Viruses and Giardia lamblia. Each water treatment plant should report various water qualities including chlorine residual and disinfection by-products, thus plenty of data has been generated. Even though statistical analysis using these data are forced to investigate the status and effect of water qualities in water facilities very few researches have been performed in korea. This study performed statistical analysis of chlorine residual during three years in Korean drinking water. The average chlorine residual concentrations were 0.701mg/L, 0.738mg/L, 0.763mg/L in 2002, 2003, 2004, respectively. Monthly variations of chlorine residual was not significant. ANOVA result showed that yearly variance of chlorine residual is different in only less than $5000m^3/day$ of water treatment capacity. The statistical analysis can help government to establish new regulation with scientific basis.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.480-487
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• 2008

Spatial and temporal analyses of water qualities were performed for 11 monitoring stations located in Mangyung watershed in order to analyze the trends of monthly water quality data of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) measured from 1995 to 2004. The long-term trends were analyzed utilizing Seasonal Mann-Kendall test, LOWESS and three-dimensional graphs were constructed with respect to distance and time. The graph can visualize spatial and temporal trend of the long-term water quality in a large river system. The results of trend analysis indicated that water quality of BOD and TN showed the downward trend. This quantitive and quantitative analysis is the useful tool to analyze and display the long-term trend of water quality in a large river system.