• Title/Summary/Keyword: Water polo

Search Result 4, Processing Time 0.017 seconds

Correlation Analysis of Sports injuries and Body Composition and Bone Density in National Water Pool Players (국가대표 수구선수들의 스포츠 손상과 신체 조성 및 골밀도의 상관관계 분석)

  • Kim, Hyun-Chul;Park, Ki-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.134-141
    • /
    • 2019
  • PURPOSE: This study conducted aA forward-looking study of elite water polo athletes, who trained at National Training Center, was conducted to determine the correlation between the incidence of sports injuries and the bone density among national water polo players. METHODS: Data on the general characteristics of all study subjects were analyszed usingin descriptive statistics. The incidence of sports injuries was calculated from the incidence of sports injuries per 1,000 hours and the incidence of sports injuries resulting from exposure to 1,000 training sessions. The incidence of all sports injuries was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation was calculated conducted to determine the correlation between sports injuries and bone density, bone mass and body composition. RESULTS: Water polo athletes suffered a total of 127 sports injuries in the three-year period, while the athletes suffered 3.5 sports injuries each year. The Ooverall injury rate of 3.2(95% CI 2.68-3.81) per 1,000h, 18.0(15% CI 14.89-21.16) of sports injuries per 1,000AE. For all athletes, 50.4% of the injuries were classified as mild, followed by moderate (26.8%) and severe (22.8%). The lower the bone density in all areas of sports injuries, the higher the incidence of sports injuries. In addition, and the lower the bone mass in all areas except for light injuries, the higher the incidence of sports injuries. CONCLUSION: In tThe correlation between sports injuries and bone density and bone composition of water polo athletes, revealed a significant correlation between the bone density and bone mass were statistically significant, and the lower the bone density and bone mass, the higher the incidence of sports injuries.

Analysis on Rainwater Harvesting System as a Source of Non-Potable Water for Flood Mitigation in Metro Manila (마닐라의 홍수저감을 위한 잡용수 대체자원으로서의 가정용우수저류시설 분석)

  • Necesito, Imee V.;Felix, Micah Lourdes A.;Kim, Lee-Hyung;Cheong, Tae Sung;Jeong, Sangman
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.223-231
    • /
    • 2013
  • Excessive precipitation, drought, heat waves, strong typhoons and rising sea levels are just some of the common indicators of climate change. In the Philippines, excessive precipitation never failed to devastate and drown the streets of Metro Manila, a highly urbanized and flood-prone area; such problems are expected to occur frequently. Moreover, the water supply of Metro Manila is dependent only to Angat Reservoir. Rainwater harvesting can serve as an alternative source of raw water and it can mitigate the effects of flooding. The harvested rainwater can be used for: potable consumption if filtered and disinfected; and non-potable consumptions (e.g., irrigation, flushing toilets, carwash, gardening, etc.) if used untreated. The rainfall data were gathered from all 5 rainfall stations located in Metro Manila namely: Science Garden, Port Area, Polo, Nangka and Napindan rain gauge stations. To be able to determine the potential volume of rainwater harvested and the potentiality of rainwater harvesting system as an alternate source of raw water; in this study, three different climatic conditions were considered, the dry, median and wet rainfall years. The frequent occurrence of cyclonic events in the Philippines brought significant amount of rainwater that causes flooding in the highly urbanized region of Metro Manila. Based from the results of this study, the utilization of rainwater harvesting system can serve as an alternative source of non-potable water for the community; and could also reduce the amount of surface runoff that could result to extreme flooding.

Wave-Induced Response of Unsaturated and Multi-layered Seabed; A Semi-analytical Method (파랑으로 인한 불포화된 다층 해저지반의 거동;준해석적 방법)

  • ;Rahman, M. S.
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
    • /
    • v.15 no.6
    • /
    • pp.45-55
    • /
    • 1999
  • Wave-induced response, liquefaction and stability of unsaturated seabed are studied. The unsaturated seabed is modeled as a fluid-filled polo-elastic medium. The coupled process of fluid flow and the deformation of soil skeleton is formulated in the framework of Biot's theory. The resulting governing equations are solved using a semi-analytical method to evaluate the stresses and pore water pressure of unsaturated and multi-layered seabed. The semi-analytical method can be applied to calculate a pore pressure and the stresses of in anisotropic inhomogeneous seabed. The results indicate that the degree of saturation influences mostly on the magnitudes of a pore pressure and the stresses of unsaturated and multi-layed seabed. Based on the pore pressure and stresses in seabed, the analysis on the possibilities of liquefaction and shear failure was performed. The results show that the maximum depth of shear failure occurrence is deeper than the maximum liquefaction depth.

  • PDF

A Study on the Waterscape Formation Techniques of China's Suzhou Classical Garden Based on the Water Inlet and Outlet (수구(水口)를 중심으로 분석한 중국 소주고전원림(蘇州古典園林)의 수경관 연출기법)

  • RHO Jaehyun;LYU Yuan
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.57 no.3
    • /
    • pp.116-137
    • /
    • 2024
  • This study quantitatively explored the interrelationship between water features and surrounding waterscape elements through a literature review and observational study targeting nine waterscapes of Suzhou Classical Garden in Jiangsu Province, China, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The purpose was to understand the objective characteristics of classical Chinese gardens and seek a basis for their differences from Korean gardens. The average area of water space in Suzhou gardens was 1,680.7㎡, which accounted for 21.3% of the total garden area, showing large variation by garden. Most of the Suzhou Gardens use springs and wells as their water sources. The Surging Waves Pavillion uses surface water, and Retreat & Reflection Garden uses seasonal water as its water source. The water pipes in Suzhou Garden are divided into a water outlet and a water outlet(water holes). Of these, the water outlet is a water outlet that imitates the water outlet just to induce a visual effect, and focuses on the meaning of the water system. It is judged to have been combined with the trend of Suzhou gardens. In addition, it was confirmed that, semantically, the arrangement of the water polo in Suzhou Garden is based on the traditional 'Gamyeo(堪輿) theory'. Meanwhile, there are five types of methods for bringing water to Suzhou Garden: Jiginbeop(直引法), Myeonggeobeop(明渠法), Invasionbeop(滲透法), Gwandobeop(管道法), and Chakjeongbeop(鑿井法). Suzhou Classical Garden mainly applies the infiltration method and the irrigation method as a method of securing water in the garden, which can be classified and defined as the water catchment method(集水法) and the water pulling method(引水法) in the domestic classification method. Among the watering techniques in Korean traditional gardens, watering methods such as 'suspension waterfall(懸瀑)', 'flying waterfall(飛瀑)' and water eluted(湧出), have not been found, and it is believed that they mainly 'rely on hide with dignity(姿逸)' and 'submerged current(潛流)' techniques. As for the watering technique, no watering technique was found that uses a Muneomi, which is applied in traditional Korean gardens. As this was applied, the seal method, penetration method, and Gwandobeop were also used in water extraction techniques. And at the inlet and outlet of Suzhou Garden, the main static water bodies were lakes, swamps, and dams. While the eastern water bodies are classified into streams, waterfalls, and springs, the water spaces in the three gardens reflect the centrifugal distributed arrangement, and the water spaces in the six places reflect the water landscape effect due to the centripetal concentrated arrangement. And as a water space landscape design technique, the techniques of 'Gyeok(隔)' and 'Pa(破)' were mainly applied at the inlet, and the techniques of 'Eom(隔)' and 'Pa(破)' were mainly applied at the outlet. For example, most bridges were built around the inlet, and sa(榭), heon(軒), gak(閣), pavilion(亭), and corridor(廊) were built, and the outlet was concealed with a stone wall. Therefore, it is understood to have embodied Suzhou Garden's idea of water(理水), which says, "Although it was created by humans, it is as if the sky is mine(雖由人作,宛自天開)."A trend was detected. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the degree of concealment and exposure in the visual composition of the inlet and outlet, it was confirmed that the water outlet was exposed only at the Eobijeong and Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty view points of The Surging Waves Pavillion and the water outlet was hidden at other view points. Looking at these results, the 'Hyang-Hyang-Ba-Mi-Bob(向向發微法)' from the perspective of left-orientation theory of Feng Shui, which is applied in Korean traditional gardens in classical Chinese garden water management, "makes water visible as it comes in, but invisible as it goes out." It is judged that the technique was barely matched.