• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.459-462
• /
• 2004

This study assesses groundwater vulnerability to contaminants in 12 administrative districts of the city of Changwon, using DRASTIC technique. DRASTIC was originally applied to situations in which the contamination sources are at the ground surface, and the contaminants flow into the groundwater with infiltration of rainfall. However, groundwater contamination in urban areas can also be related to excessive pumping resulting in a lowering of the water level. The correlation coefficient between minimum DRASTIC indices and the degree of poor water quality for 10 districts is low as 0.40. The correlation coefficients between minimum DRASTIC indices and the groundwater discharge rate, and between minimum DRASTIC indices and well density per unit area are 0.70 and 0.87, respectively. Thus, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination in urban areas, it is necessary to consider other factors such as groundwater withdrawal rate and well density per unit area with ratings and weights as well as the existing six DRASTIC factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 1971

During a period from October 1st to November 15th in 1971, We made a survey on hygienic status of kitchen utensils used at 270 college student's home in 9 districts of Seoul city. The results obtained could be summarized as follows. In bacteriological study on the kitchen utensils 20.7% of them revealed contaminations with general bacterial counts of over 100/m1 and 20.0% of them with coliform bacteria. It was probable that degrees of bacterial contamination of the kitchen utensils were chiefly attributable to levels of education of housewives and living standard of individual household. Factors that were presumed to be directly responsible for the contamination were sources and storage of water and methods of washing the utensils. One of the major sources of contamination was derived from the use of a piece of cloth (Hangjoo) to wipe up the utensils after soashing. Hygienic treatment of Hangjoo in urgently needed. Otherwise, it is desirable not to used the Hangjoo and leave the utensils dry after washing them with boiling water.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.330-337
• /
• 2006

Resistivity cone penetrometer test (RCPT) can be employed at a relatively low cost for delineation of subsurface contamination in situ, and then be supplemented with a minimum confirmatory sampling and laboratory testing program. While the resistivity measurement have potential to investigate the subsurface contamination, resistivity measurements alone will lead to some degree of ambiguity in the results. In this study, capacitance measurement was incorporated into the RCPT to overcome the ambiguity inherent in electrical resistivity measurements for delineating the subsurface contamination. This study is focused on verifying the applicability of resistivity and capacitance measurements on CPT module to provide information on contaminated subsurface by heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon. Laboratory model tests were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the measured resistivity and relative capacitance on the water content and different types of contaminants. Test results show that simultaneous measurement of electrical resistivity and capacitance can give more reliable information on subsurface contamination.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2011

In Korea, groundwater is main water source in livestock farms. Most dairy and cattle farms have constructed their own wells for human drinking and livestock farming. However, these private residential wells have not been controlled by government and also there was scant study about livestock drinking water quality. Therefore this study was to monitor of the livestock farms' groundwater quality in Korea. Water samples were collected at 123 dairy and cattle farms and were analysed forty six substances with quality standard for drinking water approved by the Minister of Environment. Seventy eight (63.4%) of 123 samples failed to drinking water stand a test. The most frequent contaminants were nitrate-nitrogen and microbial. 22.8% (n=28) of samples showed nitrate-N concentration of higher than 10 mg/L meant that can't be used drinking water for human and the Nitrate-N concentration analysed in the range of 0.2 to 61.2 mg/L. All of 78 failed to drinking samples had microbial problems, especially 5.7% (n=7) of samples indicated water could be contaminated by feces. Other contaminants detected were zinc and evaporation residue. Especially detected zinc concentration (32 mg/L) was about ten times higher than standard of zinc (3 mg/L). Regression analysis indicated that groundwater pH did not influence to nitrate-N concentration but the hardness and chloride could affect to nitrate-N concentration in the groundwater. Most livestock farms were adjacent to crop farmland in Korea. This could cause contamination of groundwater with nitrate-N and pesticide that could accumulate livestock product. Moreover Heavy metal such as zinc and copper could be released from a corrosive plated water pipe in livestock farm. Put together, Korea livestock system is indoor, not pasture-based, hence livestock could be exposed to potential contaminated water consistently. Therefore on the basis of these data, appropriate livestock drinking water quality standards should be prepared to keep livestock healthy and their product safe. Further, livestock drinking water quality should be monitored continuously in suitable livestock drinking water standards.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.415-429
• /
• 2003

이 연구는 충북 미원면 일대 옥천대 흑색셰일 분포지의 상부 화전리층과 구룡산층 지역에서 기반암의 종류에 따른 수질과 오염특성의 변화를 규명하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 배경수질은 상부 화전리층 지역 시료에서는 주로 (Ca, Mg)-$HCO_3$ 유형이, 구룡산층 지역 시료에서는 $SO_4$의 상대적인 부화로 인하여, 주로 (Ca, Mg)-$SO_4$, (Ca, Mg)-$HCO_3$ 유형이 나타났다. 지하수 시료의 경우, 상부 화전리층 시료에서는 탄산염 및 규산염 광물의 풍화가, 구룡산층 시료에서는 규산염 광물의 풍화가 주를 이루고 있다. 하천수 시료의 경우도 대부분 물-암석 반응의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다 군집분석의 결과, 지하수 시료는 크게 3그룹으로, 하천수 시료는 크게 4그룹으로 분류된다. 요인분석의 결과, 물 시료내의 각각의 화학원소의 함량은 주로 자연적인 풍화의 요인과 일부 인위적인 오염의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 변형된 오염지수(M.R.I.)를 사용하여 연구지역의 수질오염을 살펴본 결과 -0.08∼0.18 사이로 나타나며, 주로 구룡산층 채석장 지역 시료에서 0이상을 나타내었다. 이 연구에서 도입된 변형된 오염지수는 앞으로 수질 오염 예측 및 관리자를 위한 유용한 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2009

비점오염제어에 있어서 상대적으로 지하수오염의 가능성이 높은 지역을 선별하고 주된 오염원을 파악하는 것은 그 기여도가 대단히 크다. 이 연구는 제주도를 연구지역으로 하였으며, 현재 가장 중요한 오염물질 중의 하나인 질산태 질소를 대상오염물질로 하였다. 기존 및 실제 조사에 의한 토양정보를 토대로 pedotransfer function과 수분이동 모델을 이용하여 토양통별로 산출된 질산태질소오염 민감도 지수를 통해 민감도분포도를 작성하였으며(semi process-based 법), 이를 실제 모니터링된 2,020개의 수질자료와 비교하였고 제안된 semi process-based 법은 기존의 전문가의 의견과 판단에 의존하거나 방대한 파라메터를 요구하는 기존방법들의 단점을 극복하고 충분한 지형적 해상력을 제공하였을 뿐만 아니라, 알려진 질산태 질소 모니터링 자료와도 대부분 잘 부합하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과들은 오염민감성이 높은 지역을 우선 선정하여 주의와 관리대책을 세우는 동시에 주요한 오염원을 파악함으로써 지하수자원을 합리적이고 효율적으로 보호하는데 있어서 유용한 수단이 될 것으로 판단되었다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.332-335
• /
• 2011

친환경 재료에 대한 관심이 급증함에 따라 재료의 구조적 기능성 및 투수성을 동시에 갖는 다공성 콘크리트의 활용이 증가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 콘크리트에 제올라이트를 혼합하여 다양한 활용도를 갖는 다기능형 옥석 제품의 수질정화 능력을 평가하여 친환경제품으로서의 적합성을 검토하였다. 흐름이 없는 시험용 수조에서 시간에 따른 오염도 제거율은 T-N (70.6%), T-P (67.0%), BOD (57.7%), TOC (50.6%) 순으로 우수한 수질정화 특성을 보였다. 또한 유입 및 유출이 가능한 비점오염원에서 시간에 따른 유출부에서의 수질오염도 및 중금속 농도의 제거율은 Zn (99.9%), Pb (90.0%), BOD (69.2%), COD (33.5%) 순으로 흐름이 없는 경우에서의 오염도 제거율보다 수질정화 특성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 다공성 콘크리트 시설물을 실제 하천 등에 시공했을 시에 우수한 오염도 제거율을 바탕으로 친환경제품으로 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2011

This study developed preliminary assessment methodology for priority listing of soil and groundwater contamination sources, considering source characteristics, local environments and risk receptors. Source characteristics were evaluated by scoring relative risk of contamination sources. Local environments were evaluated by scoring annual rainfall, hydraulic conductivity of aquifer, and annual groundwater use. Risk receptors were evaluated by scoring local population, direct distance to surface water, direct distance to drinking-water wells. Scores of each parameter were allocated by analysing distribution of parameter values obtained from government databases. Distributed scores of source characteristics local environments: risk receptors were 12 : 12 : 12. The preliminary assessment scored 0 to 36 for each soil and groundwater sources. Inventory of soil and groundwater sources consisted of 7 categories. This study applied the preliminary assessment methodology to Manan-Gu, Anyang City, Korea. The number of car repair and washing facility was the largest in the contamination source inventory. Petroleum storage facilities showed the highest assessment score. The preliminary assessment methodology also indicated that Anyang-Dong was the priority section among Anyang-Dong, Suksu-Dong, Bakdal-Dong. This study is the first trial for relative ranking soil and groundwater contamination sources by considering source and local characteristics. Therefore, further researches and revision of the preliminary assessment methodology need to be pursued for various applications.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.481-490
• /
• 2005

Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols, Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta-sitosterol$) were in the range of $1,274\~4,768{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, $292\~2,244{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and $4.5\~27.2{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine- originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2014

This research has been performed by our own investigation, also cooperated with Health and Sanification Division and each of district offices in Busan metropolitan city. After choosing, we collected water samples five times for microbiological examination. As a result of investigating in 160 water samples from urban areas, we could detect 88 cases of Vibrio spp. Furthermore, there were four cases exceeding the acceptable limit of aquarium water (100,00/mL) and another four cases exceeding the limit of Coliform group (1,000 below/100 mL). As a result of investigating that we performed for 271 cases of water samples from coastal areas from April to November, we could detect 130 cases of vibrio species and 10 cases of Coliform group. After performing 17 kinds of antibiotic susceptibility test for 41 cases of isolated Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 27 cases showed tolerance to Amplicllin (AM), all of 31 cases showed intermediate resistance only to Cefazolin (CF) but had sensitivity to the rest of them. As a result of performing antibiotic susceptibility test, serum test and PFGE gene analysis on each 10 pair of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected concurrently from intake-pipe water and, aquarium water, we couldn't get data showing that they are clearly same species in three kinds of test. In addition, UV sterilization, Ozonization and so on. Based on our research, intake pipe didn't have a problem with microbiological contamination so we are sure that the germ came from supplied fish had caused that kind of contamination. For effective management, UV sterilization or Ozonization which can be handled consistently should be adopted in aquarium.