• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

In this paper, an experimental study on the cooling operation characteristics for different entering water temperatures in geothermal heat pump system are carried out by using Lab VIEW system program Set-point temperature controls for cooling water and supply air temperatures is applied to analyze the energy consumption and control performances. As a result, the system responses show that different entering water temperatures(EWT) effect greatly on the energy consumption and system COP.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전자세라믹스 센서 및 박막재료 반도체재료 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

As the semiconductor devices are miniaturized, the number of the unit cleaning processes increases. In order to processes by conventional RCA cleaning process, the consumption of volume of liquid chemical and DI water became huge. Therefore, the problem of environmental issues are evolved by the increased consumption of chemicals. To resolve this matter, an advanced cleaning process by Electrolyzed Water was studied in this work. The electrolyzed water was made by an electrolysis equipment which was composed of three chambers of anode, cathode, and middle chambers. In the case of electrolyzed water with electrolytes in the middle chamber, oxidatively acidic water of anode and reductively alkaline water of cathode were obtained. The oxidation/reduction potentials and pH of anode water and cathode water were measured to be +l000mV and 4.8, and -530mV and 6.3, respectively. The Si-wafers contaminated with metallic impurities were cleaning with the electrolyzed water. To analysis the amounts of metallic impurities on Si-water surfaces, ICP-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometer) was introduced. From results of ICP-MS measurements, it was concluded that the ability of electrolyzed water was equivalent to that of the conventional RCA cleaning.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2007

In the current residential building, hot water supply system consumes the second largest energy in order to make the thermal comport condition of residential space. The more residential environment improves the more the demand for hot water and water consumption is increasing gradually. So this study examines the possibility of applying the recirculation for individual hot water supply system compared with the existing method for waiting time for hot water, wasted water and energy consumption. The results are as follows. (1) In case of recirculation system method the waiting time for hot water can be reduced up to $69\sim85%$ in spring and fall period and so dose up to $77\sim85%$ in winter period. (2) The total wasted water has a little change compared with the existing method which can make the total wasted water reduced about $77\sim86%$. (3) The efficiency of hot water supply system can be improved, if the method which blocks the inflow of cold water is applied, when return pump is operated to recirculate hot water in recirculation system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

To many developing countries like China, the practical way to constant development of city construction is low consuming. The basic methods of low-cunsuming landscape construction: 1) Low building consumption: Decreasing construction quantity. Using low-costing material. Designing low-consuming landscape. Reusing of building material. 2) Low energy consumption: Decreasing water consumption. Consuming and enrichment of earth fertilizer. Decreasing electrical consumption. 3) Low maintenance: Adapting natural material. Using local plants. Special design to decrease maintaining. Because of many reasons, China has not yet adapting Low-consuming Landscape Construction.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.83-101
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• 2008

This research performs a multi comparison between the age of old households and the economic structure according to accommodation type as well as analyzing the economical structural difference of each type based on the features of aged households. The paper classified aged households into 3 groups according to age distribution. The economic structure analysis according to the age of old households and accommodation type was shown as follow: First, the economical structural analysis based on the age of old households showed a statistical difference in the total, labor, business, property and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, the non-business income and liabilities did not show a significant difference. Second, in the analysis of different economic earnings and initial expenses of middle-aged households according to the age distribution group showed a disparity in the total, labor, business, property, and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, aged households showed a statistical difference in total, labor, business and transfer income variables. Third, in the analysis of difference in the expense provision and size of consumption, there was a statistical difference in the expense variables of total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication. Fourth, in the analysis of difference in the size of consumption expense, the initial and middle-aged households showed a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, communication, and consumption expense variables. However, the analysis of aged households has shown a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication expense variables. The study found a statistical difference in the expense for hygienics that did not appear in the initial and middle-aged households.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2012

A typical cooling system of an engine relies on a water pump that circulates the coolant through the system. The pump is typically driven by the crankshaft through a mechanical link with engine starting. In order to reduce the friction and warm-up time of an engine, the clutch-type water pump (CWP) was applied in 2.0 liter diesel vehicle. The clutch-type water pump can force cooling water to supply into an engine by the operation of an electromagnetic clutch equipped as the inner part of pump system. The onset of CWP is decided by temperature of cooling water and engine oil. And, the control logic for an optimal operation of the clutch-type water pump was developed and applied in engine and vehicle tests. In this study, the warm-up time was measured with the conventional water pump and clutch-type water pump in engine tests. And the emission and the fuel consumption were evaluated under NEDC mode in vehicle tests. Also, tests were carried out for the various temperature conditions starting the operation of CWP. From the results of the study, the application of CWP can improve the fuel consumption and $CO_2$ reduction by about 3%.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

본 논문은 용수공급 2축의 한방향인 공급관리의 효율화를 개선하는 한 방안을 제시하는데 그 궁극적인 목적을 두고 있다. 그 총체적 접근의 일환으로 생활용수 중 상업용수를 대상으로 공간분석 대상지 선정, 센서 설치위치 선정, 센서 및 서버시스템의 설치, 실시간 데이터 모니터링 등의 일련의 과정을 시도했다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 수집된 실시간 데이터 분석을 통해 요일별, 월별 용수사용 추세패턴 모형을 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 추세패턴 모형과 GIS시스템의 연계방안을 제안하였다. 모형의 신뢰도 향상과 더불어 상기 제시된 접근 및 결과는 물사용 예측행정 및 관리를 위한 주요한 도구의 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2002

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1989

In the vinyl house cultivation, the water consumption, evapotnanspirafion ratio, growth condifion by the growing stages and yields of tomato and cucumber were investigated when they cultivated by nutriculture, rice hull charcoal culture and NFF culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean air temperature in the vinyl house during the experimental perica j was 1.9$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor air temperature, the rrnocirnum and minimum air temperature in the vinyl house was 4.6C and 1.7$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor temperature, respectively, and the mean daily evaporation in the vinyl house during the experimental period was 4.3rnm that is 02rnrn more than the outdoor evaporation 2. In the tomato cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best among the three methods, and the growth of NFT culture and nutriculture were worse than the soil cultivation which is standard, and among the nutriculture, the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the best. 3. In the cucumber cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best, and while the growth condition of NFT culture was worse than the standard soil cultivation, the growth of nutriculture was better than the standard soil cultivation, and the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest among the different treatments in the nutriculture. 4. In the tomato cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture plot was 1107.5rnm which is the highest amount among the three methods, and in the nutriculture, the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 22lAmm which is the highest among the three different treatments. 5. In the cucumber cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture was 11762rnm which is the highest, and the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 284.9rnm which is more than the 278.9mm of EC 1.Smmho plot and 262.9mm of EC 1.7rnmho plot. 6. The crop coefficient(Kc) of tomato was 0.82 in NFT culture, 4.67 in rice hull charcoar culture and 0.86~0.91 in nutriculture. 7. The crop coefficient(Kc) of cucumber was higher than tomato as 1.13 in NFT culture, 520 in rice hull charcoal culture and 1.08~1.19 in nutriculture. 8. The evapotranspiration ratio in the mid and late season were higher than the beginning and elongation stage, and the average evaportranspiration ratio of tomato and cucumber was 3.81 and 424, respectively, in the rice hull charcoal culture plot. 9. In the tomato cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice bull charcoal culture was 1443.Og which is the highest, and in the nutriculture, their yields were worse because of the damage of downy nidew disease. 10. In the cucumber cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice hull charcoal culture was 1965.7g which is the highest, and while the yield of NFT culture was ahout 25% lower than the stadard soil cultivation, the yield of nutriculture was higher than the standard soil cultivation, and among the treatments in the nutriculture, the yield of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2024

The continuous increase in urban population due to migration of mases from rural areas to big cities has set urban water supply under serious stress. Urban water resources face scarcity of available water quantity, which ultimately effects the water supply. It is high time to address this challenging problem by taking appropriate measures for the improvement of water utility services linked with better understanding of demand side management (DSM), which leads to an effective state of water supply governance. We propose a dynamic framework for preventive DSM that results in optimization of water resource management. This paper uses Agent Based Modeling (ABM) with Digital Twin (DT) to model water consumption behavior of a population and consequently forecast water demand. DT creates a digital clone of the system using physical model, sensors, and data analytics to integrate multi-physical quantities. By doing so, the proposed model replicates the physical settings to perform the remote monitoring and controlling jobs on the digital format, whilst offering support in decision making to the relevant authorities.