• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 2022

This study was carried out to analyze water cycle characteristics and evaluate water retention function in Jeju Gotjawal forest from 2013 to 2017. The average ratio of throughfall, stemflow, interception loss in Seonhul Gotjawal (SH) and Cheongsu Gotjawal (CS) was 43.1%, 15.8%, and 41.1%, respectively. Rainfall-throughfall, rainfall-stemflow, and rainfall-interception loss were expressed as linear regression equation (p<0.001). The comparison results showed that SH was higher than CS (p<0.05), indicating that the canopy area had an important effect on the difference in stand structure. The average water resources retention rate of the Gotjawal region was 41.9%, which is similar to the total water resources retention rate (40.6%) of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province (JSSGP). Currently, the development of Gotjawal is in progress in JSSGP. The development of Gotjawal will lead to a decrease in the water resources retention rate due to changes in the surface environment such as an increase in impervious areas, which will affect the total groundwater content of JSSGP. Therefore, the conservation of the Gotjawal area is judged to be very important from the point of view of water conservation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the changes in soil chemical properties and the growth of seedling according to the different dredged soil improving methods at slope of Saemangeum sea dike. Undersea dredged soil was improved by five different methods. Seedlings of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Chionanthus retusa, Celtis sinensis, and Pinus thunbergii were planted after 9 month of experience site installation, then soil pH, NaCl concentration in soil, soil organic matter (SOM), and survival rate and height of seedling was measured. Initial soil pH was highest in the control plot but it decreased to the similar level with other soil improving plots after 35 months. There were no differences in NaCl concentration between the control and soil improving plots, and it showed decreasing tendency during the study period. In the control plot, initial SOM was lowest among that of other plots during the study period. The survival rate of 36 months after planting of P. thunbergii was highest among the species. The gap of the tree growth of P. thunbergii between the control plot and the soil improving plots was small, however, other species showed relatively higher tree height in the soil improving plots than the control plots. Creation forest with P. thunbergii might be a cost effective afforestation in coastal reclaimed land since it rarely needs additional improvement of dredged soil.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2020

This study was carried out to analyze the monthly runoff concentration on non rainfall days in order to prepare basic data to compare the runoff concentration on rainfall days in 7 forest watersheds in the Republic of Korea. Forest stream water has been collected through 15 times of sampling in each watershed and analyzed based on the changes in concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Organic Carbon(TOC), Total Nitrogen(TN), and Total Phosphorus(TP). The average concentration was 0.8 mg/L for BOD, 1.4 mg/L for COD, 0.8 mg/L for TOC, 1.85 mg/L for TN and 0.002 mg/L for TP during non rainfall days. Coniferous forested watersheds showed higher value of TN and TP concentration. Concentrations of BOD and TP in early March (p<0.01) were affected by melt water flow input in spring season. Significant differences (p<0.01) in concentrations were observed in BOD and TOC, indicating seasonal rainfall and vegetation growth impacts on forest stream quality. Concentration of TN and TP showed significant positive correlation, and weak negative correlation was found in the concentration of BOD and TOC. It is expected that result of forest stream water on non rainfall days could be basic information in managing non-point source from forest watersheds.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2022

As the water shortage has become a noticeable issue due to climate change, forests play an importance role as the provider of water supply service. There is, however, little information about the relationships between the factors used in the estimation of water supply service and coarse pore fraction of forest soil which determines the potential of water supply. To find out whether there would be an amelioration in the scoring system of water supply service estimation, we examined all factors except meteorological one and additionally, analyzed 4 extra factors that might be related with coarse pore fraction of soil. A total of 2,214 soil samples were collected throughout South Korea to measure coarse pore fractions from 2015 to 2020. First, the result of average coarse pore fraction of all samples showed 32.98±6.59% which was consistent with previous studies. And the results of non-parametric analysis of variance indicated that only two of eleven factors that was used in the scoring system matched the results of coarse pore fraction of forest soils. Tree canopy coverage showed no difference among categories, and slope also showed no significance at level of 0.05 in the linear regression analysis. Additionally, the applicability of 4 extra factors were confirmed, as the result of coarse pore fractions of soil samples were different for various categories of each factor. Therefore, the scoring system of water supply service of forest should be revised to improve accuracy.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.220-230
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• 2022

Seasonal variability of water quality in the upland headwater streams in ten forested catchments (37.0~209.0 ha) was examined from April to November 2021. Here, seven physicochemical parameters were analyzed including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorous (T-P), and BOD/TOC. The parameters were compared with those of lowerland rivers as middle and lower reaches within a watershed. The pH showed was low (6.4~6.9) during all the seasons, however, BOD and BOD/TOC in the fall season were 2-fold higher than in the spring and summer seasons. Based on environmental standards, the water quality level revealed that the upland headwater streams maintained the purity and cleanliness of water except for pH in the summer season. BOD/TOC of all the seasons and BOD of the fall season in the upland headwater streams were higher than that in the lowerland rivers, whereas the rest of the physicochemical parameters in the upland headwater streams were lower than that in the lowerland rivers. Additionally, the water quality level maintained the purity and cleanliness of water as "Good" in two reaches. The unique aspects of our study design enabled us to draw inferences about water quality characteristics with temporal and spatial analysis in upland headwater streams. This design will be useful for the long-term strategy of effective water quality management for integrated upland headwater streams and lowerland rivers within a watershed.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2018년도 하계 학술발표초록집
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• pp.79-79
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• 2018

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

This study compared with the object of designation and the management practices for Protection Forests between Korea and Japan to establish the management and development directions of Korea's Protection Forest. 1. Water conservation forest from total areas of Protection Forests occupied 90.6 % in Korea and 68.4 % in Japan, respectively. The water conservation forest was the most important function among the Protection Forest's functions in both countries. 2. The 10 million ha of Protection Forest in Japan increased for last 100 years. The 100 thousand ha per year was designated as Protection Forest. In contrast, The 655,535 ha of Protection Forest in Korea decreased for last 42 years with decreasing of 15,000 ha per year. 3. In Japan, Protection Forest can be managed by forest silvicultural practices such as forest harvest, thinning, and pruning to recover and improve the Protection Forest's functions. 4. In case of Korea, it is necessary to a mid- or long-term counter plan to increase the area of Protection Forest by the government, and needs to the recovery and improvement of Protection Forest's functions.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

본 연구는 대관령 특수조림지에 식재된 주요 경제수종인 잣나무, 전나무, 일본잎갈나무의 내풍 안정성을 비교 분석하여 조림지의 풍해관리에 대한 이해와 인식을 높이고자 수행되었다. 각 수종별로 5개씩 총 15개의 임시 방형구($20m{\times}20m$)를 설치하였으며, 흉고직경 10cm 이상의 수목에 대하여 수고 및 흉고직경을 측정하였다. 수종별 수고/흉고직경 비율(h/d 비율)을 분석한 결과 잣나무와 전나무가 일본잎갈나무에 비해 비교적 낮은 h/d 비율을 나타내어 내풍성이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 보인다. 약 9%의 일본잎갈나무가 내풍 임계치(80) 이상의 h/d 비율을 나타낸 것으로 조사되었으며 이들 수목들은 풍해에 매우 취약하여 다음 간벌 기간 동안 제거되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 분산분석 결과 수종별 h/d 비율과 흉고직경의 지니계수에서 각각 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 수종별 흉고직경의 지니계수는 전나무 16.4%, 잣나무 14%, 일본잎갈나무 14%로 나타났다. 낮은 h/d 비율은 수종별 형태학적 차이와 간벌 시업에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 수목의 내풍성을 향상시키기 위해서는 h/d 비율이 80 이상인 수목에 대한 하층간벌이 초기 혹은 임분 분화기(stand distinction phase)에 집중되어야 한다. 산림관리자와 시업자는 수목의 h/d 비율을 측정하고 임분 밀도를 관리하여 비율을 내풍 임계치인 80 이하 수준으로 유지하여야 한다. 따라서 동령림에서 수목의 흉고직경을 증가시키기 위해서는 h/d 비율이 높은 수목에 대한 택벌이 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.755-761
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• 2010

This study analyzed water quality data from a coniferous forest catchment in order to quantify the contributions of runoff components to stormflow, and to understand the effects of antecedent moisture conditions within catchment on the contributions of runoff components. Hydrograph separation by the twocomponent mixing model analysis was used to partition stormflow discharge into pre-event and event components for total 10 events in 2005 and 2008. To simplify the analysis, this study used single geochemical tracer with Na+. The result shows that the average contributions of event water and pre-event water were 34.8% and 65.2% of total stormflow of all 10 events, respectively. The event water contributions for each event varied from 18.8% to 47.9%. As the results of correlation analysis between event water contributions versus some storm event characteristics, 10 day antecedent rainfall and 1 day antecedent streamflow are significantly correlated with event water contributions. These results can provide insight which will contribute to understand the importance of antecedent moisture conditions in the generation of event water, and be used basic information to stormflow generation process in forest catchment.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of thinning and pruning on characteristics of forest stand, mesopore ratio and soil water content at the Pinus koraiensis stands in Gwangneung, Gyeonggido. The Pinus koraiensis had been planted in 1976 and thinning and pruning were carried out in 1996. A sample area survey was conducted at experimental plots (thinned and unthinned) in 1998 and 2005, and mesopore ratio and soil water content have been monitored from 2000 to present. Average tree height of the thinned plot increased from 10.9m to 13.2m and from 10.3m to 12.8m for the unthinned plot. Average D.B.H of the thinned plot increased from 15.9cm to 21.1cm and from 14.5cm to 16.7cm for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Crown density at the thinned plot increased from 81.5% to 95.0% and from 89.5% to 95.0% for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Mesopore ratio (pF2.7) of A layer soil at the thinned plot was 40.1% while that of the unthinned plot was 37.3%. Changes of mesopore ratio at unthinned plot were not associated with stand age, but those at thinned plot had increased and then decreased, showing declining of the practice effect. Average soil water content at the thinned plot were 23.7% and 22.4% for the unthinned plot. Soil watercontents at both plots have been increased with increase in stand age. But the difference of soil watercontent at each plot has been decreased, especially at the depth of 10cm.