한국환경복원기술학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology)

  • 제23권6호
  • /
  • Pages.137-149
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1229-3032(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2733-5011(eISSN)
한국환경복원기술학회 (The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

산림소유역 유출수의 비강우일 비점오염물질 농도 변화 및 유출 특성 분석

Changes in temporal and spatial stream water concentrations and analysis on nonpoint source runoff in forested watersheds on non rainfall days

  • 유현주 (국립산림과학원 산림보전연구부) ;
  • 최형태 (국립산림과학원 산림보전연구부) ;
  • 김재훈 (국립산림과학원 산림보전연구부) ;
  • 임홍근 (국립산림과학원 산림보전연구부) ;
  • 양현제 (국립산림과학원 산림보전연구부)
  • Yoo, Hyeon-Ju (Forest Conservation Department, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Choi, Hyung-Tae (Forest Conservation Department, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Hoon (Forest Conservation Department, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lim, Hong-Geun (Forest Conservation Department, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Yang, Hyun-Je (Forest Conservation Department, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 투고 : 2020.11.10
  • 심사 : 2020.12.14
  • 발행 : 2020.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study was carried out to analyze the monthly runoff concentration on non rainfall days in order to prepare basic data to compare the runoff concentration on rainfall days in 7 forest watersheds in the Republic of Korea. Forest stream water has been collected through 15 times of sampling in each watershed and analyzed based on the changes in concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Organic Carbon(TOC), Total Nitrogen(TN), and Total Phosphorus(TP). The average concentration was 0.8 mg/L for BOD, 1.4 mg/L for COD, 0.8 mg/L for TOC, 1.85 mg/L for TN and 0.002 mg/L for TP during non rainfall days. Coniferous forested watersheds showed higher value of TN and TP concentration. Concentrations of BOD and TP in early March (p<0.01) were affected by melt water flow input in spring season. Significant differences (p<0.01) in concentrations were observed in BOD and TOC, indicating seasonal rainfall and vegetation growth impacts on forest stream quality. Concentration of TN and TP showed significant positive correlation, and weak negative correlation was found in the concentration of BOD and TOC. It is expected that result of forest stream water on non rainfall days could be basic information in managing non-point source from forest watersheds.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Champman P.J., Edwards A.C. and Cresser M.S. 2001. The nitrogen composition of streams in upland Scotland: some regional and seasonal differences. The Science of the Total Environment. 265 : 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00650-1
  2. Cho H.S., Kim K.R., Lim G.C., Bae K.S. and Lee M.H. 2012. A study on long-term variation of BOD and COD as indicator of organic matter pollution in the Han River. Korean Journal of Limnology. 45(4) : 474-481.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2012.45.4.474
  3. Choi J. and Han D. 2011. Development of water quality standard for TOC as organic matter index. Seoul Studies. 12(3) : 173-184.(in Korean)
  4. Choi J.Y., Lee S.Y. and Kim L.H. 2009. Wash-off characteristics of NPS pollutants from forest landuse. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation. 9(4) : 129-134.(in Korean)
  5. Choi Y., Won C., Seo J., Shin M.H., Yang H., Lim K. and Choi J. 2009. Analysis and comparison about NPS of plane field and alpine field. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality. 25(5) : 682-688.(in Korean)
  6. Chung W.J. and Chang S.W. 2016. Characteristics of storm runoff and analysis of its correlation with forest properties. Journal of Environmental Science International. 25(7) : 1007-1016.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.7.1007
  7. Constable T.W. and McBean E.A. 1979. BOD/TOC correlations and their application to water quality evaluation. Water Air and Soil Pollution. 11 : 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00296593
  8. Edwards A. C., Cook Y., Smart R., and Wade A. J. 2000. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams draining the mixed land-use Dee Catchment north-east Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology. 37 : 159-170.
  9. Hwang S.J., Kim K., Park C., Seo W., Choi B.G., Eum H.S., Park M.H., Noh H.R., Sim Y.B. and Shin J.K. 2016. Hydro-meteorological effects on water quality variability in Paldang Reservoir, confluent area of the South-Han River-North-Han River-Gyeongan Stream Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment. 49(4) : 354-374. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2016.49.4.354
  10. Ice G. and Binkley D. 2003. Forest streamwater concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Journal of Forestry. 101(1) : 21-28.
  11. Jeong Y., Park J.H., Kim K.H., Youn H.J. and Won H.K. 1999. Influence of forest management on the Facilitation of purifying water quality in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis watershed(2). Journal of Korean Forest Society. 88(4) : 498-509.(in Korean)
  12. Jung Y., Kim K., Chung C., Jun J. and Yoo J. 2004. Effects of forest fire on the quantities and qualities of the streamwater in small forest catchments. Journal of Korean Forest Society. 93(7) : 446-452.(in Korean)
  13. Kang C.G., Lee S., Gorme J.B., Lee J.U. and Kim L. 2009. Determination of EMC and washoff characteristics of stormwater runoff from broad-leaved forest areas. Jounal of Environmental Impact Assessment. 18(6) : 393-399.(in Korean)
  14. Kim B., Jung S., Jang C. and Kim J.K. 2007. Comparison of BOD COD and TOC as the indicator of organic matter pollution in streams and reservoirs of Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 29(6) : 640-643.(in Korean)
  15. Kim G., Kim Y., Lee D., Jung H. and Yur J. 2003. Analysis and estimation of EMC loads of rainfall runoff from agricultural-forestry in Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 25(6) : 760-770. (in Korean)
  16. Kim J.S., Kim S.J., Oh K.Y., Oh S.Y., Kim J.S. and Jung Y.H. 2003. Outflow loads of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD in mountain stream water. Journal of Korea Water Resource Association. 36(5) : 787-797.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2003.36.5.787
  17. Kim L., Ko S., Lee B. and Kim S. 2006. Estimation of pollutant EMCs and loadings in highway runoff. Korean Society of Civil Engineers. 26(2B) : 225-231.(in Korean)
  18. Kim S., Choi H., Park K., Cho J., Kim C. and Park C. 2018. Development of forest stream water purifying function enhancement technology. National Institute of Forest Science. (in Korean)
  19. Kim S., Jeong Y., Kim K., Yoo J., Jeong C. and Jun J. 2005. Change of streamwater chemistry and contribution of subsurface discharge in forest catchment during storm events. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 7(1) : 51-56.(in Korean)
  20. Kim S.W., Cho Y.H., Chae M.H., Kil G.B. and Seok K.S. 2020. Characteristics of organic matters in small streams into the Daecheong Reservoir. Journal of Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology. 23(3) : 155-164.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.23.3.155
  21. Kwak S., Bal Dev B., Kim E., Lee C., Lee H. and Heo W. 2012. Characteristics of non-point pollution discharge on stormwater runoff from lake Doam watershed. Korean Journal of Limnology. 45(1) : 62-71.(in Korean)
  22. Lee C.S., Im T. and Kwon H. 2017. A study of calculation of nonpoint sources load in the Panmuncheon by precipitation. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation. 17(3) : 399-408.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2017.17.3.399
  23. Lee H.B., Park C.O. and Shin D.Y. 2007. The characteristics of runoff from a forest watershed with different vegetation. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 29(3) : 311-316.(in Korean)
  24. Lee J., Park S., Kim D., Lee Y.J. and Park M.J. 2012. Long-term monitoring and analysis for discharge characteristics of nonpoint source pollution by land use types in Geum River basin. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 12(6) : 343-350.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2012.12.6.343
  25. Lyou C., Shin Y.C., Heo S.G., Lim K.J. and Choi J.D. 2006. Characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from forest watershed. The KCID Journal. 13(1) : 63-71.(in Korean)
  26. Lyu J.H. and Lee D.G. 2007. Inquiry of water environment in Mihocheon(Stream) - water quality monitoring focused on TOC. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality. 23(5) : 731-739.(in Korean)
  27. Ma H. and Goo S. 2002. A change of the stream water quality by forest land use. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 23(5) : 43-48.(in Korean)
  28. Ma H., Kang W. and Kang E. 2011. A change of stream water quality by forest type. Journal of Korean Forest Society. 100(2) : 142-148.(in Korean)
  29. Nieminen M. 2004. Export of f dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus following clear-cutting of three Norway spruce forests growing on drained peatlands in southern Finland. Silva Fennica 38(2) : 123-132
  30. Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF). 1994. Oregon Department of Forestry 1993 annual status report on implementation of water quality management in the Tualatin River Basin. Salem.
  31. Palviainen M., Finer L., Lauren A., Launiainen S., Piirainen S., Mattsson T. and Starr M. 2013. Nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and suspended solids loads from forest clear-cutting and site preparation: long-term paired catchment studies from eastern Finland. AMBIO. 43 : 218-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0439-x
  32. Park J. and Ma H. 1999. Stream water quality monitoring in closed valley areas for preserving stream water quality of Puk'ansan National Park. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 2(2) : 88-96.(in Korean)
  33. Park S.M. and Shin Y.K. 2011. The impact of onsoon rainfall on the water quality in the upstream watershed of Southern Han River. Korean Journal of Limnology. 44(4) : 373-384.(in Korean)
  34. Shin M.H., Lee Y.J., Choi J.W., Shin D.S., Cheon S.U. and Choi J. 2007. Analysis of flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) characteristics from rural watersheds. Journal of Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers. 49(6) : 3-9.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2007.49.6.003
  35. Shin Y. 2004. Comparison of water quality between forested and agricultural subcatchments in Daegwallyong Area. The Korean Geographlcal Society. 39(4) : 544-561.(in Korean)
  36. Turner B.L., Baxter R. and Whitton B.A. 2003. Nitrogen and phosphorus in soil solutions and drainage streams in Upper Teesdale, northern England: implications of organic compounds for biological nutrient limitation. The Science of the Total Environment. 314-316 : 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00101-3
  37. Vuorenmaa J., Forsius M. and Mannio J. 2006. Increasing trends of total organic carbon concentrations in small forest lakes in Finland from 1987 to 2003. Science of Total Environment. 365 : 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.038
  38. Yoon S.W., Chung S.W., Oh D.G. and Lee J.W. 2010. Monitoring of non-point source pollutant load from a mixed forest land use. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 22(6) : 801-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60180-7
  39. Yur J. and Kim G. 2005. Comparison of discharge characteristics of NPS pollutant loads from urban agricultural and forestry watersheds. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality. 21(2) : 184-189.(in Korean)
  40. Zhao Zhang, Takehiko Fukushima, Peijun Shi, Fulu Tao, Yuichi Onda, Takashi Gomi, Shigeru Mizugaki, Yuko Asano, Ken'ichirou Kosugi, Shinya Hiramatsu, Hikaru Kitahara, Koichiro Kuraji, Tomomi Terajima and Kazuo Matsushige. 2008. Baseflow concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in forested headwaters in Japan. Science of The Total Environment, 402(1) : 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.045