• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.221-233
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to study the toxic effect of solublized methylcellulose (MC). Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 1%(w/v) MC in 0.9% saline by gavage at a dose of 10ml/kg b.w/day or by intravenous injection at a dose of 5ml/kg b.w/day for 28 days. Clinical signs were observed once a day. Body weights, water and food consumptions were measured and urinalysis was performed several times during the experiment. Rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 15 and 28 for hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights and histopathology. The relative weight of the spleen and foamy cells of the spleen were increased in the gavage group. Body weight gain, food consumptions, the values of RBC, Hb, MCH, Hct, serum proteins, glucose, bilirubin, AST, and ALP were decreased in I.V. treatment group. On the other hand, water consumptions, the values of serum cholesterol, creatinine, and BUN were increased. Microscopic findings were granulomas, distended sinusoids, and hypertrophy of Kupffer cells with vacuoles in the liver. Spleen exhibited granuloma, increased extramedullary hematopoiesis, and congestion. Kidney exhibited foamy cells in the glomeruli, distension of the tubules. The findings appeared more severe when the treatment was extended. In conclusion, MC solution is not a safe vehicle for intravenous administration because of the toxic effects on the liver, kidney and spleen. In addition, a long-term and large dosage of oral administration of MC appears to be unsafe also and needs to be investigated further.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 1996

이 실험에서는 조피볼락을 대상으로 중성 formalin과 formalin으로 약욕하여 잔존량과 잔존기간 및 병리 조직학적 변화를 관찰하고 온도가 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보았다. formalin 과 중성 formalin의 잔존량은 $15^{\circ}C$일 때 약욕 직후 약간의 차이를 제외하고는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 잔존기간은 수온 $15^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$은 조건에서 각각 72 hr과 24 hr으로 온도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 어체에 미치는 독성은 중성 formalin보다 formalin이 강하게 나타나고 수온과 농도가 증가 할수록 조직에 미치는 영향이 심해졌다. formalin 약욕으로 인하여 아가미 조직에서는 부종과 상피세포의 박리, 뒤틀림, 괴사증상이 그리고 간에서는 부종과 핵농축, 공포화 현상이 나타나고 신장에서는 수증성 퇴행적 병변과 세뇨관 상피세포의 과립화 중상, 괴사가 일어나고 피부에서는 점액 세포의 증가와 표피의 괴사 및 피하조직과 진피층의 균열이 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

Objective: The roots, leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense are often used in treatment of human diseases such as hemorrhage, blood congestion and inflammation. Focusing our attention on natural and bioavailable sources of antioxidants and anti-inflammation, we undertook to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense used as a folk medicine in Korea. Methods: The extracts of the leaves, stems, flowers, seeds and roots from C. japonicum var. ussuriense were prepared by extracting with water or 80% ethanol. Total flavonoids and polyphenols were measured by a colorimetric assay. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was analyzed by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Griess reagent assay. An oxidative product of nitric oxide (NO), was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The level of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured by Western blot analysis. Results: Total flavonoid and polyphenol amounts of the leaves (CLE) and flowers (CFE) showed higher than those of the seed extract (CSE), stem extract (CSTE) and roots (CRE). CLE and CFE also showed the high antioxidant activities such as DPPH, NO-like and ABTS radical scavenging activity. An antioxidant activities of these water extracts showed higher than those of 80% ethanol extracts. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of CLE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. CLE significantly suppressed the levels of the inflammatory mediators such as NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in dose dependant. Furthermore, the levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by the treatment with CLE extract in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: These results suggest that CLE water extract has a higher anoxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, these properties may contribute to the oxidative and inflammatory related disease care.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

도시화에 의한 인구집중과 불투수율 증가, 강우강도 증가는 도시침수피해의 주원인이다. 도시침수피해를 줄이기 위해 도시 내 지형/지물의 영향을 고려하고 상세 침수지역을 모의할 수 있는 침수해석모델이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 천수방정식을 이용한 격자기반 침수해석모델(GIAM)을 개발하였다. 대상지역은 논현, 역삼, 서초3~5의 5개 배수분구를 포함하는 강남지역 $7.4km^2$이며 맨홀 월류량은 EPA SWMM5를 이용하여 산정하고 6 m 격자크기에 대해 침수모의가 가능하도록 모델을 구축하였다. 모델 적용성 평가를 위해 분석기간은 2010년 9월 21일과 2011년 7월 27일 호우사례를 선정하였다. 모델 정확도를 평가하기 위해 침수피해가구 현황을 이용하여 POD를 분석한 결과 각각 0.61과 0.57의 정확도를 보였다. 개발된 모형은 강우시나리오에 따른 침수취약지역 추정과 실시간 침수예측을 위한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2016

상 하수도, 해양플랜트 등 다양한 배관이 산업현장에 이용되고 있으며, 이러한 배관의 유지보수 작업은 필수적이다. 특히 산업현장에서 배관 유지보수 작업은 전문 인력이 배관 내 투입되어 작업이 진행되거나, 인력 투입이 불가능한 경우 와이어에 연결된 스크래퍼를 배관에 삽입하는 방식을 이용한다. 그러나 이 방식은 교통체증, 막대한 예산의 투입 등의 문제를 야기한다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위한 배관 청소 로봇의 연구, 개발이 진행되고 있다. 현재 배관청소 로봇은 작업 및 운용 상태를 실시간으로 확인할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 배관 청소로봇의 운용, 배관 내부 및 청소 상태를 확인할 수 있도록 카메라로부터 촬영된 영상을 수집하며, 수집된 데이터는 RS-485 통신을 이용하여 모니터링 시스템에 전송하여 사용자가 실시간으로 상태를 확인할 수 있게 구성하였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpretation of the Ondam-tang(Ondam-tang, here-in-after referred to as "ODT") prescription in order to obtain the evidence for clinical applications. Methods : We have analyzed the interpretation on the ODT prescription through translations and comparisons based on classic books about the oriental medical prescriptions. Result : 1. ODT was first mentioned in the Jiyangfang(集驗方) which was quoted in the Waitaimiyao (外臺秘要). After that, in book Sanyinjiyibingzhengfanglun(三因極一病證方論), Chen-yan(陳言) completed and recorded in a book organizing prescriptions of ODT now in frequent use. 2. The Banha(半夏) removes the dam(痰-phlegm) and relieves emesis. The Jinpee(陳皮) encourages strengths, and the Bokryoung composes oneself and produces the water. The Licorice(甘草) relieves people's mind, and the Ginger relieves gastrointestinal problems and relieves emesis. Juk-yeo(竹茹) abate of the fever of the Sangcho(上焦). Jisil(枳實) encourages strength, controlling Samcho(三焦) as releasing the congestion of energy. In these ways, numerous symptoms resulted from the imbalances of the Gallbladder(膽) are treated. 3. Meaning of "on(溫-warm)" in ODT regains the original characteristic of the Gallbladder(膽). 4. Treatment mechanism of ODT is 'cooling the Gallbladder(膽)' and 'remedies Samcho(三焦)' and 'eliminates dam(痰)' and 'cure Kiwool(氣鬱-which is kind of depressions) and Saengyen(生涎-which is kind of phlegm)' and 'removes a mismatch between Gallbladder(膽) and Stomache(胃)'. Conclusion : In this study, we have demonstrated various methodologies. This paper will be useful to the future researchers and clinicians to conduct a study on herbal medicines such as the ODT.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2004

지하구조물을 축조하는 공법으로 기존에 가장 많이 사용해 온 것이 개착식 공법이나, 지상교통 흐름을 방해하고 공사소음 및 주변 지반의 침하로 인한 민원 발생 등 많은 문제점을 야기해 왔다. 많은 경우에 있어 지중에 매설된 상수도관 하수도관 도시가스관 고압 전력구 통신 케이블 등 지중 매설물의 위치가 정확하게 파악되지 않아서 안전한 시공에 어려움이 크고, 개착공사 시 지하지장물의 이설로 인한 공지지연 및 추가공사비가 소요될 것으로 판단되다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 지하구조물 축조공법을 개선하여 슬래브강관과 PC벽체 트렌치를 이용한 터널축조공법 (T.R.c.M.)을 서울지하철 현장에 적용한 시공사례를 소개하고자 한다. 연구결과, T.R.c.M.공법은 진동과 소음을 최소화하여 주변환경과 교통의 흐름에 전혀 지장을 주지 않고 안정적으로 터널을 축조할 수 있는 공법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 기술사
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.32-49
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• 1984

The East gate station area is 205M long and 24m deep which is located 13 meter in front of cultural treasure east gate. The area to be excavated by blasting is composed of granite rocks from 10M depth to 25M. Surface earth extends to up 10M depth. This job site has in involves heavy traffic congestion such as over 10,000 cars passing in rush hour where clossing No 1 lint of subway running 3 minitues head way. This east gate station construction is to be executed for the provent of the setting down of underground level and blasting vibration effects to cultural treasure east gate. Therefore, the caltural treasure committee approved this execution subject to the following condition. 1. Subway gelogical foundation and measured natural frequency 2. Execution of water tight wall 3. Sellection and test of damping material for wall and under rail 4. Measurement of monitoring system during the execution 5. Measurement of histogram system The above two projects was carried out by Dr. Kwang team in KAIST and prof, Han in Hanyang University under accadamic study contract. In the blasting work, for the pourpose of reduced vibration and low explosion velocity such as CCR, Kovex slurry. The 2nd, used electrical caps shall be delay cap and M/S caps in multi delay. The 3rd, drilling pattern is bench cut in open cut and applied control blasting in tunnelling and also shall drill anti-vibration holes as line drilling.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.57-62
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• 2004

선박 조종자는 방파제를 통항할 경우 조선 부담감을 느낀다. 아직까지 선박 운항자의 조선 부담감을 고려한 방파제 배치에 관한 기준은 없다. 이 연구는 해상교통류 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 조선 부담감이 발생하는 상황을 재현하여 선박 운항자의 조선 부담감을 정량적으로 표현한 모델인 환경스트레스모델을 재현된 상황에 적용, 평가하였다. 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 방파제 배치 변화에 의한 조선 부담감의 차이는 그다지 크지 않다. (2) 동일한 방파제 폭일 경우에는 선박의 항행속력의 차이로 인하여 선박 운항자의 조선 부담감은 상이하다. (3) 방파제폭의 확장함으로써 선박 운항자의 조선 부담감이 평균적으로 감소한다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between female college students' stress level and premenstrual syndrome so that it can provide baseline data on how to cope with the syndrome. The study subjects are 250 female college students in Gyungbook area. This study chose 199 appropriate subjects and collected data. As per general menstrual phases, this study investigated the age when one had her first period, regularity and duration of period, and amount of bleeding. It used a measurement tool to measure stress level and premenstrual syndrome. Most of the subjects experienced their first period before the age of 13. The menstrual period was irregular with the duration of less than 7 days. 123 subjects had normal amount of bleeding. 121 subjects were experiencing high level of stress over 2.4. The correlation between the level of stress and premenstrual syndrome factors showed significant static correlation for each factor. Especially, the correlation between digestive system and response of autonomic nervous system was .996 and negative emotion and behavioral change was .635, and negative emotion and pain was .614 which were relatively high. The regression analysis of factors of premenstrual syndrome depending on the subjects' stress level indicated that response of autonomic nervous system had the biggest effect in the low stress group while behavioral change, negative emotion, pain, decreased concentration, water congestion, response of autonomic nervous system, and skin change had the biggest effect in the high stress group with statistical significance. Based on the result, it can be said that higher premenstrual stress is closely related to the premenstrual syndrome one experiences for some female college students.