• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.462-468
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• 2007

In this study, the quality effect of soaking in alum water, soaking in electrolyzed oxidizing water, and freezing during storage, on peeled chestnuts, were analyzed. When soaked in 0.1% (w/v) alum water, peeled chestnuts showed good characteristics in terms of weight loss, decomposition, and color preservation. However, texture and taste qualities rapidly decreased with increases in storage time. When soaked in twice their own weight of electrolyzed oxidizing water(pH 2.61, ORP 1,142 mV) for 10 min, the samples were preserved in an optimally edible condition. When frozen at $-10^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, the samples were suitable for use as material for processed chestnut produce, as was also the case when pretreatment with electrolyzed oxidizing water was employed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

In Korea, large amounts of chestnut shell as by-products are produced from food industries. However, most of the by-products exist with no disposal options. Biosorption uses biomass that are either abundant or wastes from industrial operations to remove toxic metals from water. Objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using chestnut shell as by-products for removal of metal ions(Pb, Cu and Cd) from aqueous solution. The chestnut shell was tested for its efficiency for metal removal by adopting batch-type adsorption experiments. The adsorption selectivity of chestnut shell for metals was Pb > Cu > Cd at solution pH 5.5. The Langmuir isotherm adequately described the adsorption of chestnut shell for each metal. Using The maximum adsorption capacity predicted using Langmuir equation was 31.25 mg $g^{-1}$ 7.87 mg $g^{-1}$ and 6.85 mg $g^{-1}$ for Pb, Cu and Cd, respectively. Surface morphology, functional group and existence of metals on chestnut shell surface was confirmed by FT-IR, SEM and EDX analysis. The chestnut shell showed an outstanding removal capability for Pb compared to various adsorbents reported in the literatures. The overall results suggested that chestnut shell might can be used for biosorption of Pb from industrial wastewater.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.3 s.12
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

The physicochemical properties of acorn and chestnut starches were investigated. The shape of two starches granules was the rounded trianglar and some elliptical, but that of chestnut was less rounded. Water binding capacity of acorn was 191% and that of chestnut was 200%. Gel volume of chestnut started to increase from $55^{\circ}C$, and was higher value in all temperature range. Amylose of chestnut starch was leached more than that of acorn to $90^{\circ}C$. and reversely from $90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The blue value and amylose content of acorn and chestnut starches were 0.464, 0.440 and 24.8%, 22.5 respectively. According to Brabender Amylogram, gelatinization temperature and peak. hot and cold viscosity were $68.5^{\circ}C$, 1010, 910, 1470 BU for acorn and $63.7^{\circ}C$, 1480, 1000, 1080 BU for chestnut. Peak temperature and gelatinization enthalpy were $67.0^{\circ}C$ 3.64 cal/g for acorn, and $66.0^{\circ}C$, 2.82 ca1/g for chestnut. X-ray diffraction patterns of two starches were A-types but chestnut had some B-type character.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.558-563
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• 2015

The effects of pre-treatment methods (water cooling, water cooling+ozone, precooling+microbubble, water cooling+ozone+microbubble) after harvest on the quality of 'Mipung' chestnut were studied. Changes in quality of chestnut were greater precooling treatments effect than washing treatments. But, decaying rate and total microorganism were significantly differences among treatments. The decaying rate after 12 weeks storage was highest at 20.0% in non-treatments and lowest at 3.3% in water cooling+ozone and water cooling+ozone+microbubble treatments. The total microorganism immediately after washing treatments was in the order non-treatments (4.4 log CFU/g) > water cooling treatments (4.0 log CFU/g) > water cooling+ozone+microbubble treatments (3.5 log CFU/g) > water cooling+ozone treatments (3.4 log CFU/g) > water cooling+microbubble treatments (3.3 log CFU/g), and after 12 weeks storage was increased within 4.7 to 5.9 log CFU/g. Thus, the washing treatments, especially ozone treatments, extended the shelf-life of the 'Mipung' chestnut by inhibiting the decaying.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.999-1004
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties of the native chestnut starch(NCS) and hydroxypropylated chestnut starch(HCS) with propylene oxide were investigated. The water binding capacity and blue value of chestnut starch were increased by hydroxypropylation. With increasing temperature, the swelling power and solubility were increased and those of HCS were higher. The light transmittance of HCS was higher than it of NCS. Endotherm characteristics were studied with DSC showed that temperatures of initial gelatinization of NCS and HCS were $64.44^{\circ}C$ and $62.80^{\circ}C$, respectively. The temperature of initial gelatinization and enthalpies gelatinization in chestnut starch were decreased by hydroxypropylation. And the viscosity of HCS was higher than that of NCS.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-85
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• 1993

Some properties of starch isolated from gamma-irradiated chestnut at doses of $0{\sim}0.45\;kGy$ were investigated. The treatment increased the water-binding capacity and decreased intrinsic viscosity and amlyograph viscosities. Other properties including swelling power and solubility at $80^{\circ}C$, blue value and percent transmittance of starch dispersion were essentially not affected by irradiation at sprout-inhibition dose.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.420-427
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• 2008

To study the suitability of chestnut as a cask for ripening traditional liquors, the absorption property for pure water, liquor with 30% alcohol content and ethanol with 95% alcohol content were investigated for five species. Oriental oak had the greatest amount of liquid absorption while chestnut had the smallest amount. The absorption amount linearly increased with increasing soaking time. The absorption amounts for each section were greatest in RT plane, and the difference between LR plane and LT plane was very small for all soaking conditions. The anisotropy of absorption amount for five species was greatest in Japanese cedar and was smallest in white mulberry on the whole. And the change of absorption amounts according to soaking conditions tended to decrease in softwoods and increase in hardwoods, and the difference among wood species was not clear. From this result, it was found that chestnut with a small absorption amount, regarding of soaking behavior, was a good material as a cask for ripening traditional liquors, whereas small diameter oriental oak with a great absorption amount was not suitable in this purpose.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2 s.98
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• pp.123-132
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• 2002

Experiments have been carried out in barge enclosure near Bukhangang area and arificially eutrophicated pond. Applied plants are three terrestrial plants (Big cone pine, Pine needles and Ginkgo) and one aquatic plant (Water chestnut). In the experiment pond, applied plants are big cone pine, pine needles and ginkgo at the concentration of 0.5 g/l and water chestnut of 0.3 g/l. And it used pine needles at the concentration of 0.3 g/l in barge enclosure. The dominant species was Microcystis aeruginosa. Chlorophyll a concentration decreased to the extent of average 65% as compared with the beginning of experiment by the input of big cone pine and pine needles in artificially eutrophicated pond. But it was decreased to the extent of average 34% by the input of water chestnut. Especially, pine needles significantly inhibited the growth of algae from the early days in barge enclosure, it was declined at a rate of average 74%. It was proved that pine needles was the most inhibitory to the growth of algae at the treatment with $0.3{\sim}0.5\;g/l$, Ginkgo and water chestnut are needed more study. We purified that the dissolved phenolic compounds from the various plants can affect algal growth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

This study aimed to estimate the effect of inoculant application level on chemical composition and bacterial count of fermented chestnut meal (FCM), and its rumen fermentation characteristics. The inoculant contained Lactobacillus acidophilus ($1.2{\times}10^{10}cfu/g$), Bacillus subtilis ($2.1{\times}10^{10}cfu/g$), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ($2.3{\times}10^{10}cfu/g$). The chestnut meal mixed with molasses, double distilled water, and inoculant at 1 kg, 3 g, 480 mL, and 20 mL ratio for the basal chestnut meal diet. The double distilled water from basal chestnut meal diet was substituted with bacterial inoculant at a level of 0 (Control), 20 (Medium), and 40 mL (High) in the experimental diets. The mixed experimental diets were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ for 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. On 7 days of FCM incubation, the contents of crude protein (CP) (quadratic, P=0.043) and neutral detergent fiber (quadratic, P=0.071) decreased by increases of inoculant application levels, whereas bacterial count (quadratic, P=0.065) and rumen $NH_3-N$ (linear, P=0.063) increased. By increases of inoculant application levels on 14 days of FCM incubation, the increases were found on dry matter (DM) (quadratic, P=0.085), CP (quadratic, P=0.059), acid detergent fiber (quadratic, P=0.056), in vitro DM digestibility (linear, P=0.002), rumen total volatile fatty acid (VFA) (linear, P=0.057), and rumen iso-butyrate (linear, P=0.054). However, the decreases were found on bacterial count (linear, P=0.002), propionate (linear, P=0.099), and butyrate (quadratic, P=0.082). On 21 days of FCM incubation, in vitro DM digestibility (linear, P=0.002) and total VFA (linear, P=0.001) increased by increases of inoculant application levels, whereas the contents of CP (quadratic, P=0.034) and neutral detergent fiber (quadratic, P=0.047) decreased. These results indicate that the FCM with a medium level of inoculant application and 14 of fermentation had beneficial effects by increasing DM digestibility and rumen total VFA content, without altering bacterial count.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.508-512
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• 2000

Growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) 'Kumtap', tomato (Lycoperisocon esculentum) 'Seokwang', petunia (Petunia hybrida) 'Madness Rose', and pansy (Viola tricolor) 'Magestic Giant' in mixtures of chestnut woodchips and granular rockwool at 25:75, 50:50, or 75:25 (v/v) was examined. Chestnut woodchips were soaked in water for 48 hours or aged in open field for 6 months in order to remove substances impeding plant growth. A commercial plug medium was used as the control. All treatments showed in a similar result in red pepper, petunia, and pansy. Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content in media containing chestnut woodchips, especially in higher proportions, were poorer as compared to those in the control. On the contrary, height, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomato seedlings in media containing woodchips were significantly higher than those in the control. For petunia, pansy, and red pepper, six month ageing in open field of woodchips was more favorable for growth than 48 hour water soaking. Emergance of petunia seed was inferior, especially when woodchip content was higher, to the other crops with a resultant growth suppression. From the results, chestnut woodchips proved to be a practical material as a medium component only in tomato plants.