• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.5-34
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• 2017

This study measured greening level on the 978 public libraries nationwide, making and distributing questionnaires based on green library evaluation indicators developed to measure the greening level of public libraries. As a result of analyzing the averages by evaluation area, among the green library evaluation areas, the whole average of the library resources was the highest by 1.93, and followed by land use and traffic 1.81, indoor environment 1.30, management of water circulation 1.20, etc. The greening evaluation area which shows the best strength in the surveyed public libraries, was the area of the library resource, and it turned out that it use spaces effectively like effective use of the entire area, effectiveness of conservation of books, use and management of eco-friendly products etc., or use the equipments in eco-friendly way which are purchased or used frequently in the libraries, and, as for the land use and traffic area, most of the libraries had bicycle racks, and chose the location of the libraries, considering accessibility to public transportation and a distance between central urban area and libraries. Also, it turns out that, in the area of materials and resources, most of the libraries were equipped with hand dryers and rolling towels and maintained the eco-friendly view.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of environmental perception in neighborhood parks on user's recognition of health improvement. This study used objective field survey data and subjective user survey data at 8 neighborhood parks in Changwon City. According to the results, the perceptions of distance and street environment from home to park were evaluated highly but the perception of water spaces and various attractions within the parks were rated lowly in most of parks. As a result of factor analysis, 23 environmental perception variables were classified into 6 factors such as scenery, comfort, accessibility, activity, convenience and amenity. For the result of regression analysis between environmental perceptions and user's recognition of health improvement based on 6 factors, the recognition of physical health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 4 parks among 8 parks. 'Accessibility' and 'activity' were analyzed as the meaningful factors in 3 parks. Also, recognition of mental health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 5 parks among 8 parks and especially 'accessibility' was showed as the significant factor in 4 parks. The findings from this study can contribute to improve the physical environments of the present parks and can be a basic data for new park development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the garden details of Carla Scarpa in order to understand his selection and composition of materials, detailing style and symbolism of the spaces. Literature review and a field trip were conducted for the study and the results are as follows. First, Scarpa used vernacular materials such as Murano glass and Istrian limestone, and juxtaposed various materials using contrast of color and texture. His mixed uses of traditional and modern materials shows the passage of time. Second, he create his own detail style such as ziggurat and geometric motif, which make the garden space to look more interesting and rich. Scarpa respected local craftsmanship like glass design and used textile design style such as overlaying. Third, symbolic uses of water features help make narrative and poetic gardens. Scarpa's unique detail style and respects for traditional craftsmanship provide lessons on how to interpretate traditional design style in modern garden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-44
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• 1998

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration strategies for the disturbed landscapes by theoretical study. Especially, it is aimed to suggest three objectives for restoration by using native plants ; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of disturbed sites. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Cooperation between restoration ecologists and restoration practitioners is needed to delineate a scientific approach to restoration ; (1) Being aware of published literature that describes similar work and/or establish general principles. (2) Preparedness to carry out proper experiments to test ideas. (3) Preparedness to monitor fundamental parameters in a restoration scheme. (4) Providing information about the behavior of species. (5) Publish results. 2. There are three models of succession in theories of plant succession. The tolerance and facilitation models were recommended to ecological restoration. The inhibition model applies in most secondary succession, but the actual species which are introduced first may inhibit the germination and growth of slower-growing species, or they may prevent the growth of other species whose propagules arrive later. 3. The objectives of erosion control, wildlife habitat provision, and visual quality improvement are not mutually exclusive. However, many revegetation practices in the past have emphasized one of these aspects at the expense of the others. 4. A native plant community can be the model of ecological restoration. By stylization/abstraction of native plant community, trying to learn the most essential characteristics of community types - environmental factors ; dominant, prevalent, and "visual essence" species composition - in order to use such information in restoration. 5. After developing mass/spaces plan, match plant communities to the mass/space plan. In utilizing community grouping, there needs aesthetic ability to understand design elements. 6. Several hydrophytes such as Pennisetum saccharifluous, Themeda triandra, Cirsium pendulum show relatively good germination rates. In case of mesophytes and xerophytes, Arundinella hina, Artemisia princeps, Oenothera odorata and legumes seem to have quick-germinating abilities at barren sites. Pinus thunbergii, Rhus chinensis, Evodia daniellii, Alnus firma and Albizzia julibrissin can be considered as "late succession" woody plants because they show low germinating rates and slow growing habitat. 7. The seeds used for restoration should be collected within a certain radius of where it will be planted. Consideration in genetic issues in the collection and use of germplasm can increase the odds for successful restoration efforts. 8. The useful model in the "drift" pattern occurs so abundantly in naturally evolving landscapes. As one species diminishes in density, a second or third species are increased. Thus, dynamic interactions between species are created. Careful using of "drift phenomenon" in planting was recommended. 9. Virtually no stand of vegetation today is immune from the introduction and/or spreading of exotic species. Therefore, the perpetuation of a restored sites requires conscious monitoring and management. Thus, management would be the most important process in ecological restoration. 10. In order to keep the sites "natural", alternative management strategies would be applied in management ; Atenative management strategies are decelerating successional process, accelerating successional processes or modifying species composition. As management tools, mechanical, chemical, biological or environmental factor manipulation, e.g., fire could be used.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.212-231
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• 2021

This study examines the types of gods worshiped in the homes of Utsunoya village, the places where they are enshrined, the rituals and food offered to the gods, the decorations during the rituals, and the people's beliefs. Also, by comparing the gods worshiped in houses in remote Utsunoya with those of downtown Shizuoka, the differences and changes in the gods worshiped in the two contemporary spaces were predicted. Today, the gods enshrined in Utsunoya's houses are amatelaseu oomikami (天照大神), ancestor, ebisu, daigoku, kojin, inari, the god of the toilet, the god of land, and the god of water. From December 31st to January 3rd and on January 15th, Obon (July 15th), October when there is a festival at the village shrine, and on Ebisu Day (October 19th and 20th), residents offer drinks and food to the gods. Japanese beliefs at home are polytheistic in nature. They maintain national identity through kamidana and maintain family identity through ancestor worship linked to the Buddhist altar. The Japanese beliefs at home are firmly established in the background of the home, the base of family life. Japanese houses have a strong character as a religious space where they coexist "with the gods," and the residents have a cultural tradition of living with the gods.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.455-472
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• 2018

It is important to study how to manage dry storage casks of spent nuclear fuels (SNF), because wet storage spaces for SNF will shortly be at full capacity in the Republic of Korea. The US has operated a dry storage cask system for several decades, and has carried out significant studies into how to successfully manage dry storage cask for SNF. This type of expertise and experience is currently lacking in the Republic of Korea. The degradation of dry casks is an important issue that must be considered. In particular, chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) is known to lead to the release of radioisotopes from canisters. The U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Electric Power Research Institute have undertaken research into the CISCC mechanism. In addition, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has extensively researched CISCC and how to manage it in dry storage canisters. In this review paper, the probabilistic model proposed by the SNL is analyzed and, based on this model, US-based CISCC research is reviewed in detail. This paper will inform the management of dry cask storage of SNF from light water reactors in austenite stainless steel canisters in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.221-235
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• 2020

The development and utilization of underground spaces are increasing as the use of land based on ground surface became limited due to rapid urbanization triggered by population growth and industrialization. Despite its merit of efficient use of limited land and space, it may contribute to occurrence of various disasters such as sinkholes and damage to underground facilities. After the sinkholes formed and occurred across the country in 2014, there has been an effort to establish Underground Space Integration Map containing 15 types of underground information. Still, there is an increasing demand to improve the quality of underground information stemmed from continuation of such events including the rupture of the hot water pipe in Goyang-si and the fire in the KT site in Ahyeon-dong, Seoul. Hereby, with the aim to improve the quality of Underground Space Integration Map, this study analyzes quality standards, regulations, and guidelines related to spatial data to improve quality inspection standards and methods included in the production rules for the Underground Space Integration Map. In particular, it suggests improvement plan for data quality management for pipe-type underground facilities, known as lifelines, which are essential part of daily life of the citizens, and the largest cause for accidents according to 15 types of underground information managed through the Underground Space Integration Map.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2021

Although underground works are essential to use underground spaces in urban areas efficiently, various damages caused by constructions have often occurred, making them major social problems. Since 2018, it is stipulated in the Special Act on Underground Safety Management that appropriate construction methods must be used in the design stage to prevent various damage cases. This Special Act includes establishing an area subject to underground safety impact assessment, analysis of ground and geological status, review of effects caused by changes in groundwater, review of ground safety, and establishment of measures to secure underground safety. This study area consists of various strata in order of landfill, sedimentary silt, sedimentary sand, sedimentary gravel, weathering zone, and foundation rock. Also, the slurry wall, a highly rigid underground continuous wall, was chosen as a construction method to consider high water table distribution and minimize the influence of the surroundings in this area. However, ground subsidence occurred on the road nearby in December 2019 due to the inflow of loosening soil to the construction area. Thus, several types of site investigations were conducted to suggest an appropriate analysis method and to find out loosed ground behavior and its area for the subsided site. As a result, new design soil properties were re-calculated, and the reinforcement measures were proposed through analytical verification.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2021

By 2050, 70% more food will be needed to fulfill the demands of a growing population. Among the solutions, cultured meat or clean meat is presented as a sustainable alternative for consumers. Scientists have begun to leverage knowledge and tools accumulated in the fields of stem cell and tissue engineering in efforts aimed at the development of cell-based meat. Cultured meat has to recreate the complex structure of livestock muscles with a few cells. Cells start to divide after they are cultured in a culture medium, which provides nutrients, hormones, and growth factors. An initial problem with this type of culture is the serum used, as in vitro meat aims to be slaughter free. Thus, it is contradictory to use a medium made from the blood of dead calves. The serum is expensive and affects to a large extent the production cost of the meat. A positive aspect related to the safety of cultured meat is that it is not produced from animals raised in confined spaces and slaughtered in inhumane conditions. Thus, the risk of an outbreak is eliminated, and there is no need for vaccinations and animal welfare issues. The production of cultured meat is presented as environmentally friendly, as it is supposed to produce less greenhouse gas, consume less water, and use less land in comparison to conventional meat production.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2022

There has been an increasing number of studies on photovoltaic energy generation system in an offshore site with the largest energy generation efficiency, as increasing the researches and developments of renewable energies for use of offshore space and resources to replace existing fossil fuels and resolve environmental challenges. For installation and operation of floating photovoltaic systems in an offshore site with harsher environmental conditions, a stiffness of structural members comprising the total system must be reinforced to inland water spaces as dams, reservoirs etc., which have relatively weak condition. However, there are various limitations for the reinforcement of structural stiffness of the system, including producible size, total mass of the system, economic efficiency, etc. Thus, in this study, a floating breakwater is considered for reducing wave loads on the system and minimizing the reinforcement of the structural members. Wave reduction performances of floating breakwaters are evaluated, considering size and distance to the system. The wave loads on the system are evaluated using the higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM), considering the multi-body effect of buoys. Stresses on structural members are assessed by coupled analyses using the finite element method (FEM), considering the wave loads and hydrodynamic characteristics. As the maximum stresses on each of the cases are reviewed and compared, the effect of floating breakwater for floating photovoltaic system is checked, and it is confirmed that the size of breakwater has a significant effect on structural responses of the system.