• Title/Summary/Keyword: Water Relations Parameters

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Studies on the Shade Tolerance, Light Requirement, and Water Relations of Economic Tree Species(III) - Analysis of Pressure-Volume Curves on the Changes of Tissue Water Relations of Five Deciduous Hardwood Species Subjected to Artificial Shading Treatments - (주요경제수종(主要經濟樹種)의 내음성(耐陰性) 및 광선요구도(光線要求度)와 수분특성(水分特性)에 관한 연구(III) - 인공피음처리하(人工被陰處理下)에서 자라는 활엽수(闊葉樹) 5수종(樹種)의 수분특성(水分特性) 변화(變化)에 대한 P-V곡선(曲線) 분석(分析) -)

  • Choi, Jeong Ho;Kwon, Ki Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.90 no.4
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    • pp.524-534
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    • 2001
  • The pressure-volume curve parameters were investigated to elucidate the effects of shading treatment on the water relations of the one year old seedlings of Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Betula schmidtii, Zelkova serrata, Acer mono and Prunes sargentii subjected to five levels of artificial shading treatments. The osmotic potentials at full turgor(${\phi}_{{\pi}o}$) measured under full sunlight changed with species and growing season in the ranges of -1.04~-1.27MPa, -1.03~-1.48MPa, -0.94~-1.44MPa in first year treatment, and -0.90~-1.37MPa, -1.05~-1.79MPa, -0.99~-1.30MPa in second year treatment in June, July, and September, respectively. The osmotic potentials at full turgor increased with increment of shading level in the ranges of -0.90~-1.79MPa in full sunlight and -0.58~-1.23MPa in nearly full shading level(E) through the growing seasons in all the species studied. The osmotic potentials at turgor loss point(${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$) measured in full sunlight changed in the ranges of -1.64~-2.11MPa, -1.67~-2.15MPa, -1.47~-2.11MPa, and -1.45~-2.04MPa, -1.30~-2.00MPa, -1.28~-2.33MPa in June, July, and September of first and second years, respectively. Most of ${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$ measurements were lower within about 0.5MPa in comparison with those of ${\phi}_{{\pi}o}$. The measurements of ${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$ also increased with increment of shading level, and the differences in ${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$ among shading levels were generally greater than those in ${\phi}_{{\pi}o}$ by species and by growing season. Most of the osmotic potentials at turgor loss point as like as at full turgor were lowered in July than in June and September. The measurements of relative water content at turgor lass point(RWCp) in full sunlight were in the similar ranges of 81~88%, 71~86%, 75~84%, and 82~87, 72~84%, 76~86% in June, July, and September of first and second years, respectively. The RWCp were a little higher in A. mono and P. sargentii than in B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. schmidtii, and Z. serrata. The RWCp also decreased from 71~88% in full sunlight to 48~77% in nearly full shading treatment with increment of shading level. Even if there were some exceptions by species or by growing season, the shading effects on the changes in some P-V parameters were distinctly observed in the present study. The change in P-V parameters following shading treatment may be presumably inferred on the changes in solute accumulation, membrane elasticity, symplasmic water volume, and so on. But much more experiments should be necessarily continued for getting detailed informations on the physiological mechanism of shading effects relating to the changes in P-V parameters.

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Effect of soil physical properties on infiltration rate

  • Sajjadi, Sayed-Abdul-Hamid;Mirzaei, Maryam;Nasab, Afsaneh Fayyaz;Ghezelje, Amin;Tadayonfar, Gholamreza;Sarkardeh, Hamed
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.727-736
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    • 2016
  • Excessive rainfall can cause runoff flows over the soil surface and as a consequence some amount of water will infiltrate into the soil. From a hydrologic modeling perspective it is necessary to estimate infiltration rate in order to calculate the actual runoff discharge. There are many parameters that can affect the infiltration rate such as soil texture, moisture and compaction. However, the most common equations used in hydrological calculations for estimating the infiltration rate do not consider the soil properties directly and estimate infiltration rate without any soil properties expressions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relations between infiltration rate and soil texture, moisture and compaction. To achieve this purpose an experimental study was performed to show the effect of soil properties and their relations on infiltration rate by using non-linear regression.

Drought Stress Influences Photosynthesis and Water Relations Parameters of Synurus deltoides (건조스트레스가 수리취의 광합성 및 수분관련 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Kyeong-Cheol;Lee, Hak Bong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.106 no.3
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    • pp.288-299
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to find out the influence of drought stress on physiological responses of Synurus deltoides. Drought stress was induced by withholding water for 25 days. Leaf water potentials were decreased of both predawn (${\Psi}_{pd}$) and mid-day (${\Psi}_{mid}$) with increasing drought stress, but water saturation dificit (WSD) was 7 times increased. ${\Psi}_{pd}-{\Psi}_{mid}$ showed the significant difference of 0.22~0.18 MPa in stressed before 10 days, and nonsignificant as treatment time became longer. A strong reduction of stomatal conductance ($gH_2O$) and stomatal transpiration rate (E) were observed after 15 days of drought stress Significant reductions of net apparent quantum yield (${\Phi}$) and maximum photosynthesis rate ($Pn_{max}$) were observed after 20 days of drought stress; However, water use efficiency (WUE) was shown the opposite trend. This implies that decrease of photosynthesis rate may be due to an inability to regulate water and $CO_2$ exchanged through the stomata. From JIP analysis, flux ratios (${\Psi}_O$ and ${\Phi}_{EO}$) and performance index on absorption basis ($PI_{ABS}$) were dramatically decreased withholding water after 15 days, which reflects the relative reduction of photosystem II activity. The leaf of S. deltoides showed osmotic adjustment of -0.35 MPa at full turgor and -0.40 MPa at zero turgor, and also cell-wall elastic adjustment of 9.4 MPa, indicating that S. deltoides tolerate drought stress through osmotic adjustment and cell-wall elastic adjustment. The degree of change in water relations parameters such as Vo/DW, Vt/DW decreased with increasing drought stress. This result showed that S. deltoides was exhibited a strong reduction of photosynthetic activity to approximately -0.93 MPa of predawn leaf water potential, and both of osmotic adjustment and cell-wall elastic adjustment in drought stress condition appears to be an important adaptation for restoration in this species.

Analytical study on the tide propagation characteristics in tidal rivers (감조하천의 조석전파 특성에 관한 해석적 연구(금강을 중심으로))

  • 이재형;김경수
    • Water for future
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.81-95
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    • 1991
  • For investigation of the interaction of tide and river flow, the derived equations are solved analytically using the approximation method of perturbation. The convective inertia and nonlinear bottom friction terms are included in the derivations. The harmonic analysis is applied to decompose the complicated interaction of the freshwater discharge with various constituents of tide into its individual interaction with each constituent. In this study, four main constituents(M2, S2, Kl, 01) are included. The relations of dimensionless parameters of the tide, especially the dimensionless damping modulus, are then determined for each solution. The results show that analytical solution of dimensionless damping modulus underestimates the measured value obtained from harmonic analysis. Results of water level obtained by applying the analytical model to a tidal reach of the Keum River in the years 1981 and 1982 show very good agreement with those obtained from the harmonic analysis.

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Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of Copper-water Nanofluid with Temperature Dependent Viscosity Past a Riga Plate

  • Ahmad, A.;Ahmed, S.;Abbasi, F.M.
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.181-187
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    • 2017
  • Flow of electrically conducting nanofluids is of pivotal importance in countless industrial and medical appliances. Fluctuations in thermophysical properties of such fluids due to variations in temperature have not received due attention in the available literature. Present investigation aims to fill this void by analyzing the flow of copper-water nanofluid with temperature dependent viscosity past a Riga plate. Strong wall suction and viscous dissipation have also been taken into account. Numerical solutions for the resulting nonlinear system have been obtained. Results are presented in the graphical and tabular format in order to facilitate the physical analysis. An estimated expression for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are obtained by performing linear regression on numerical data for embedded parameters. Results indicate that the temperature dependent viscosity alters the velocity as well as the temperature of the nanofluid and is of considerable importance in the processes where high accuracy is desired. Addition of copper nanoparticles makes the momentum boundary layer thinner whereas viscosity parameter does not affect the boundary layer thickness. Moreover, the regression expressions indicate that magnitude of rate of change in effective skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number with respect to nanoparticles volume fraction is prominent when compared with the rate of change with variable viscosity parameter and modified Hartmann number.

Hydrologic Response Analysis Considering the Scale Problem : Part 1. Derivation of the Model (규모문제를 고려한 수문응답의 해석 : 1. 모형이론의 유도)

  • 성기원;선우중호
    • Water for future
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 1995
  • The objective of this study is to explore scale problem and to analyze the relations between scale and geomorphologic parameters of the rainfall-runoff model. Generally, measurement and calculation of geomorphologic parameters rely on and are sensitive to the resolution of source information available. Therefore, rainfall-runoff models using geomorphologic parameters should take account of the effects of the map scale used in their development. The derived rainfall-runoff model considering scale problem in this research is the GIUH type model, that is a basin IUH consisting of the channel network response and hillslope response. The cannel network response is computed by means of the diffusion analogy transformed from linearized St. Venant equation and hillslope response is calculated by 2-parameter gamma distribution function. Representing geomorphologic structure of the channel network and initial distribution of its response is width function. This width function is derived by fractal theory and Melton's law to consider scale problems and is weighted by the source location function (SLF) proposed in this research to increase the applicability.

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Characteristics of Water Relation Parameters for Pinus densiflora at Different Aspects in Central South Korea (입지 유형에 따른 중부지방 소나무의 수분생리 특성)

  • 신만용;정동준;신창섭
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to provide a national forest management method for natural Pinus densiflora forest stands in central South Korea based on growth characteristics and water relations. Average stand volume per hectare was 259.3㎥ in the pine study site. Basal area, volume, annual mean increment and periodic annual increment of DBH for 10 years at each slope aspect appeared to decrease as the aspect shifts from north to south. Stems per hectare showed the lowest value at the northern aspect. Maximum water potentials measured between 12 and 14 o'clock were analyzed by aspect and elevation. Water potential of pine decreased as the aspect changed from north to south, and water potential increased at lower elevations. Soil water content for the pine stands tended to decrease as the aspect shifted from north to south. Water potential and soil moisture content were highly correlated. Soil water deficits indicate that pines have a higher moisture requirement on the ridge and the southern aspect.

Preliminary Simulation Analysis of the Large Scale Gas Injection Test (LASGIT) Experiment Using the OpenGeoSys (OGS) model

  • Park, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.401-407
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    • 2012
  • The OGS model is configured and used for simulation of the LASGIT project. The modeling conditions and the simulation results from the previous work by Walsh and Calder (2009) are analyzed to see if the simulation configuration is done correctly and to apply for the LASGIT project. Except for the unrealistic modeling conditions used previously, the simulation results successfully demonstrated helium propagation that is typical for the two-phase flow. The results indicated that the relations of capillary pressure and the relative permeability against water saturation used previously should be updated. An elaborated simulation with more realistic parameters should be used to improve the weak points of preliminary work.

Fault Detection and Isolation System for DC motor driven Centrifugal Pump-Pipe Systems: Parity Relation Approach (직류전동기 구동 원심펌프-파이프 계통의 고장검출진단시스템: 등가관계 접근법)

  • Park, Tae-Geon;Ryu, Ji-Su;Lee, Kee-Sang
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1998.07b
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    • pp.819-821
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    • 1998
  • This paper deals with a method or a residual generation for fault isolation in a centrifugal pump with a water circulation system, driven by a speed controlled dc motor. It is based on parity relations derived from the moving-average model of the system and is used to identify sensor faults and two possible brush and impeller faults, where the former is dealt with additive faults, while the latter characterized as discrepancies between the nominal and actual plant parameters of the system is modelled by multiplicative faults. We will represent the propagation of this uncertainty to the model matrices by the approximate handling of partial derivatives of polynomials. With multiplicative faults, the transformation matrix implemented in the residual generator are calculated on-line. The simulation studies demonstrate that small changes of the system can be detected and diagnosed by using the method.

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Dynamic bending of sandwich nanocomposite rock tunnels by concrete beams

  • Liji Long;D.L. Dung
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.407-416
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    • 2024
  • Dynamic response of a rock tunnels by laminated porous concrete beam reinforced by nanoparticles subjected to harmonic transverse dynamic load is investigated considering structural damping. The effective nanocomposite properties are evaluated on the basis of Mori-Tanaka model. The concrete beam is modeled by the exponential shear deformation theory (ESDT). Utilizing nonlinear strains-deflection, energy relations and Hamilton's principal, the governing final equations of the concrete laminated beam are calculated. Utilizing differential quadrature method (DQM) as well as Newmark method, the dynamic displacement of the concrete laminated beam is discussed. The influences of porosity parameter, nanoparticles volume percent, agglomeration of nanoparticles, boundary condition, geometrical parameters of the concrete beam and harmonic transverse dynamic load are studied on the dynamic displacement of the laminated structure. Results indicated that enhancing the nanoparticles volume percent leads to decrease in the dynamic displacement about 63%. In addition, with considering porosity of the concrete, the dynamic displacement enhances about 2.8 time.