• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2013

This study was carried out to observe the effect of superheated steam combined with oven heating on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of chicken meat. Specially, chicken breasts and thighs were heated for 40 min in various heating formulations such as oven heating, superheated steam heating or a combination of two kinds of heating. In the physical properties measurement, the shear force was increased as superheated steam heating time and chicken thighs were higher than chicken breasts in all treatments (p<0.05). The highest level of water holding capacity was solely superheated steam treated chicken for 40 min (p<0.05). The $L^*$ value was decreased but $a^*$ value or $b^*$ value were increased after cooking. Chicken breast exhibited a higher colour value than chicken thigh. Superheated heating was effective to reduce heating loss as 22.64% (p<0.05). However, pH was not different depending on the heating formulation or part of the chicken meat (p>0.05). In the sensory test, the combination of 10 min oven heating and 30 min superheated steam heating was effective to create a good flavour of chicken meat. In this study, an optimum formulation was developed which was a combination of 10 min oven heating and 30 min superheated steam heating. It was more effective to improve the quality of chicken meat than the single heat treatment of chicken meat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.980-986
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• 1998

The effects of mungbean sprout juice on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 90g were divided into 4 groups and raised for 6 weeks. ; control group(CON), mungbean sprouts juice-administered group(MSJ), cadmium-administered group(CAD) fed water containing 40 ppm cadmium chloride and mung bean sprouts juice and cadmium-administered group(MCD). The diet was supplied every day for the measurement of feed efficiency ratio(FER) and net weight gain was measured every 3 days. The activities of serum glutamic oxaloactic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), superoxide dimutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the liver and the hepatic contents of glutathione were examined. The contents of Cd in liver and kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer). Growth rate and FER were decreased in CAD group, compared with CON group but the changes were not significant in MCD group. The activities of serum GOT and GPT, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px in the liver were increased by Cd administration, but the alterations were decreased by supplementation with mungbean sprouts juice. The level of glutathione decreased in CAD group(26.8$\pm$9.0mg/g liver), whereas it increased in MCD group(36.4$\pm$15.8mg gliver). The content of Cd in the liver and kidney in MCD group(9.57 ppm, 4.88 ppm) was decreased, compared with CAD group(12.81 ppm, 5.46 ppm). This result suggested that mungbean sprout juice has a lowering effect on the accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidney and it is believed that the juice has some protective effects to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surface modification on the fibrovascular ingrowth into porous polyethylene (PE) spheres ($Medpor^{(R)}$), which are used as an anophthalmic socket implant material. To make the inert, hydrophobic PE surface hydrophilic, nonporous PE film and porous PE spheres were subjected to plasma treatment and in situ acrylic acid (AA) grafting followed by the immobilization of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide. The surface-modified PE was evaluated by performing surface analyses and tested for fibroblast adhesion and proliferation in vitro. In addition, the porous PE implants were inserted for up to 3 weeks in the abdominal area of rabbits and, after their retrieval, the level of fibrovascular ingrowth within the implants was assessed in vivo. As compared to the unmodified PE control, a significant increase in the hydrophilicity of both the AA-grafted (PE-g-PAA) and RGD-immobilized PE (PE-g-RGD) was observed by the measurement of the water contact angle. The cell adhesion at 72 h was most notable in the PE-g-RGD, followed by the PE-g-PAA and PE control. There was no significant difference between the two modified surfaces. When the cross-sectional area of tissue ingrowth in vivo was evaluated, the area of fibrovascularization was the largest with PE-g-RGD. The results of immunostaining of CD31, which is indicative of the degree of vascularization, showed that the RGD-immobilized surface could elicit more widespread fibrovascularization within the porous PE implants. This work demonstrates that the present surface modifications, viz. hydrophilic AA grafting and RGD peptide immobilization, can be very effective in inducing fibrovascular ingrowth into porous PE implants.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2007

A study was conducted in the Hong Kong with the aim of deriving an algorithm for the retrieval of suspended sediment (SS) and sea surface salinity (SSS) concentrations from Aqua/MODIS level 1B reflectance data with 250m and 500m spatial resolutions. 'In-situ' measurements of SS and SSS were also compared with coincident MODIS spectral reflectance measurements over the ocean surface. This is the first study of SSS modeling in Southeast Asia using earth observation satellite images. Three analysis techniques such as multiple regression, linear regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on the MODIS data and the 'in-situ' measurement datasets of the SS and SSS. Correlation coefficients by each analysis method shows that the best correlation results are multiple regression from the 500m spatial resolution MODIS images, $R^2$= 0.82 for SS and $R^2$ = 0.81 for SSS. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between satellite and 'in-situ' data are 0.92mg/L for SS and 1.63psu for SSS, respectively. These suggest that 500m spatial resolution MODIS data are suitable for water quality modeling in the study area. Furthermore, the application of these models to MODIS images of the Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta (PRO) Region are able to accurately reproduce the spatial distribution map of the high turbidity with realistic SS concentrations.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2020

최근 수중 자원개발, 재난 감시 및 국방에 관련하여 수중 통신에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 무선통신 시스템 설계에서 경로손실은 주어진 통신 링크에 대한 수신 전력 레벨을 계산하여 통신 신뢰성을 보장하는데 필요한 링크 예산을 도출하기 위한 중요한 정보이다. 수중음향채널은 각 해역에 따라 수온, 수심, 파고, 조류, 탁도 등에 의해 서로 다른 특성을 보이며, 각 해역별 수중음향채널의 경로손실은 서로 다른 특성을 갖는다. 따라서 수중음향 통신 시스템개발을 목적으로 하는 전 세계의 여러 연구기관에서는 다양한 해역에서 수중음향채널에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 국내는 아직까지 수중음향채널의 경로손실에 대한 연구결과가 매우 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 남해 거제도 천해역의 실해역 측정을 통해 경로손실을 추정하였으며, 기존 연구에서 제안한 경로손실 수식에 남해의 환경정보를 적용하여 도출한 결과를 비교하여 그 차이를 확인하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 단삼 뿌리 추출물의 세포 안정성, 수렴 활성, NO 소거능, iNOS 단백질 발현량, 염증성 cytokine 분비, elastase 효소 저해능, type I pro-collagen 합성능 등을 조사하여 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 단삼 80% 에탄올추출물(SE)과 열수추출물(SW)을 대상으로 NHDF 및 RAW264.7 세포에서 0.05~0.5 mg/mL 농도 처리에 따른 독성을 보이지 않아 수렴, 염증, 주름 개선 효능을 진행하였다. 그 결과 수렴활성 측정 결과 SE는 10 mg/mL에서 74.6%의 활성을 나타냈다. SE는 농도 의존적으로 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO, iNOS 단백질, TNF-α 및 IL-6 cytokine의 생성을 유의미하게 감소시켰다. 게다가 SE와 SW는 elastase 효소 활성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 TNF-α에 의해 감소된 pro-collagen의 생성을 증가시켰다. 따라서 단삼 에탄올추출물은 수렴제, 염증 관련 피부 질환, 주름 생성을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있는 천연 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare volume measurements obtained using 2 image software packages on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images acquired from 1 multidetector computed tomography and 5 cone-beam computed tomography devices, using different protocols for physical volume measurements. Materials and Methods: Four pieces of bovine leg were prepared. Marrow was removed from 3 pieces, leaving cortical bone exposed. The resulting space of 1 piece was filled with water, another was filled with propylene glycol, and the third was left unfilled. The marrow in the fourth sample was left fully intact. Volume measurements were obtained after importing DICOM images into the Dolphin Imaging 11.95 and ITK-SNAP software programs. Data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance with a generalized linear model to determine the effects of voxel size, software, and content on percentage mean volume differences between tomographic protocols. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver reliability were, respectively, 0.915 and 0.764 for the Dolphin software and 0.894 and 0.766 for the ITK-SNAP software. Three sources of statistically significant variation were identified: the interaction between software and content (P=0.001), the main effect of content (P=0.014), and the main effect of software (P=0.001). Voxel size was not associated with statistically significant differences in volume measurements. Conclusion: Both content and software influenced the accuracy of volume measurements, especially when the content had gray values similar to those of the adjacent tissues.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the force delivery profile of thermoformed aligners (TFA) compared with direct-printed aligners (DPA) and to explore the effect of different activation amounts on forces and moments of respective groups. A secondary objective is to observe the amount of stress relaxation that occurs over the 7~14 days when aligners are maintained in a simulated intraoral environment. Materials and Methods: An in vitro setup was created to quantify forces and moments. It consisted of a three dimensional-printed base plate and segmented maxillary teeth, placed in a semi-enclosed chamber to maintain a temperature of 37℃. Ninety clear aligners were divided into nine groups of ten aligners each based on material types (Zendura, ATMOS, TC-85) and activation amounts. Aligners were created with 0.00, 0.25- and 0.50-mm activations for lingual bodily movement of the upper left central incisor and kept on models in the "stressed" position in a 37℃ water bath. Three force components acting on the upper left lateral incisor, upper left central incisor, and upper right central incisor were measured for each time point, beginning from the initial baseline measurement, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, and lastly, 14 days. Result: TC-85 aligners in every activation group showed less force on teeth than Zendura and ATMOS. Significant force levels from 0.0 mm activation were present and stayed consistent over the course of 14 days. Comparisons made for baseline measurements to 7-days and 14-days showed statistically significant change from the baseline force level. Conclusion: TC-85 aligners demonstrated lower, more consistent forces with fewer side effects. Aligners can generate forces even when no activation is programmed. No major decreases in force levels over time were observed; the intra-oral clinical simulated environment and length of observation time could contribute to this.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on muscle metabolism and meat quality of pigs with and without pre-slaughter transportation. Methods: In a 43-day feeding experiment, a total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight 60.00±2.00 kg were randomly assigned into four groups in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. Pigs in groups A and C were fed a basal diet and pigs in groups B and D were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% ELE. Pigs were slaughtered with (group B and D) or without (group A and C) pre-slaughter transport. Muscle chemical composition, postmortem glycolysis, meat quality and muscle metabolome were analyzed. Results: Dietary ELE supplementation had no effect on the proximate composition of porcine muscle, but increased free phenylalanine, proline, citruline, norvaline, and the total free amino acids in muscle. In addition, dietary ELE increased decanoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but decreased heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid, trans-oleic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle. Meat quality measurement demonstrated that ELE improved meat water holding capacity and eliminated the negative effects of pre-slaughter transport on meat cooking yield and tenderness. Dietary ELE reduced muscle glycolytic potential, inhibited glycolysis and muscle pH decline in the postmortem conversion of muscle to meat and increased the activity of citrate synthase in muscle. Metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric showed that ELE enhanced muscle energy level, regulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, modulated glycogenolysis/glycolysis, and altered the metabolism of carbohydrate, fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, purine, and pyrimidine. Conclusion: Dietary ELE improved meat quality and alleviated the negative effect of pre-slaughter transport on meat quality by enhancing muscle oxidative metabolism capacity and inhibiting glycolysis in postmortem muscle, which is probably involved its regulation of AMPK.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2016

기상청, 국토교통부 및 국방부는 각 기관의 특성에 맞게 기상, 수문 및 항공 관측용 레이더를 운영하고 있다. 2015년까지 국내에는 총 8대의 이중편파레이더(백령도, 용인테스트베드, 진도, 면봉산, 비슬산, 소백산, 모후산, 서대산 레이더)가 도입되어 운영되고 있다. 레이더를 운영 중인 세개 부처는 관측목적이 달라 레이더에 대한 운영방식, 자료 처리 방식 및 활용 방안 등에서 서로 많은 차이를 보여 왔으며 이러한 차이는 각 부처에서 운영하는 레이더 자료의 정확도가 달라지게 하는 원인이 되고 있다. 이에, 세 부처는 2010년 "기상-강우 레이더 자료 공동 활용에 관한 합의서"를 체결하고, 서로 다른 부처에서 생산된 모든 레이더 자료를 공동 활용하는 체계를 마련하였다. 범부처 이중편파레이더 자료의 합성을 위해서는 부처별 레이더 간의 정확도가 서로 유사해야한다. 서로간의 정확도가 다른 상태에서 레이더 강우 자료를 합성하게 된다면 공간적으로 품질이 다른 합성 강우장이 생산될 수밖에 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 범부처 이중편파레이더 강우량의 정확도 향상과 통합을 위해 2015년도에 용인테스트베드 레이더에서 시행되었던 경험적 방법을 이용하였다. 그 결과 2015년 5월부터 10월까지의 백령도, 비슬산 및 소백산 레이더 자료에 대한 강우량 정확도(1-NE)가 70% 수준으로 향상되었다. 또한 레이더 편파변수 조절 전에는 정확도가 30~60%까지 넓은 범위를 보이고 있으나 조절 후 65~70%로 그 범위가 줄어들었다.