• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2019

유입하수와 기존 연계처리수(축산폐수, 분뇨, 음폐수 등)에 더하여 슬러지탄화시설에서 발생되는 유출수가 추가로 유입되며 질소성분의 처리에 어려움을 겪고 있는 하수처리시설을 대상으로 연계처리가 처리효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 하수처리시설에 유입되는 연계처리수의 부하량(kg/d)을 산출한 결과, BOD 및 COD의 경우 음폐수와 축산폐수가 차지하는 비중이 상대적으로 크게 나타났고, T-N과 $NH_3-N$은 탄화공정수가 차지하는 비중이 가장 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 탄화공정수가 방류수질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 탄화공정수 유입 유무에 따른 공정별 처리효율을 분석결과, 호기조에서 $NH_3-N$의 질산화율이 탄화공정수가 유입되지 않는 경우 89%이었으나 탄화공정수가 유입되는 경우 55%로 낮아져 탄화공정수 유입시 질산화효율이 현저히 떨어지는 것을 확인하였다. 탄화공정수 유입으로 인한 질소 및 암모니아 부하량 증가 및 이로 인한 제거율 악화를 해결하기 위해서는 탄하공정수의 전처리를 통해 질소성분의 부하를 낮추어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.121-132
• /
• 2022

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed and built to remove contaminants from wastewater. WWTPs are composed of various facilities equipped with hydro-mechanical and electrical equipment. This paper presents a comparison of two different approaches for WWTPs modelling. Static modelling is suitable for determining the dimensions of facilities and equipment capacity. The special significance of this approach is for the design of new plants, i.e., when a very small number of input data on the quantities and composition of the influent wastewater is available. Dynamic modelling is expensive, time consuming and requires great expertise in the use of simulators, models and very good understanding of the treatment processes. Also, dynamic modelling is very important to use for optimization, consideration of future scenarios and also possible scenarios on the plant. The comparison of two approaches was made on the input data from the biggest and most important plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H)-WWTP Butila (Sarajevo). The main idea is to show the differences between two demanding accesses. It is important to know how to apply an adequate approach to research and solve the set task. The II phase of the plant Butila, which includes the removal of nutrients, is planned in several years and therefore the importance of research has increased.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.316-319
• /
• 2017

하수처리장 방류수와 하천 중의 항생제 내성인자 분포에 대한 상관성을 분석하기 위해 방류수와 상류 하천수, 하류 하천수를 대상으로 항생제 내성유전자와 전파 관련 유전자를 조사하였다. 3개 지점에서 134~183개의 항생제 내성유전자(ARG) 및 전파 관련 유전자(MGE)가 검출되었으며, 1개의 16S rRNA 유전자에 대한 ARG 및 MGE 유전자의 상대적인 총 합이 0.063~0.422 copy로 분석되었다. ARG와 MGE의 수와 존재량은 방류수에서 가장 높게 검출된 반면, 총 세균 수는 가장 적게 검출됨으로서 하수처리 과정에서 사멸된 세균에 포함된 유전자들이 검출된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 MGE의 존재량 양상이 ARG의 존재량과 상관관계를 보임으로서 항생제 내성균들의 내성기작이 자연내성보다는 획득내성일 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2016

Owing to the kinetic differences in ammonia oxidation among ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM), there is no standard set of kinetic values that can be used as a representative set for nitrifying wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design. As a result, this study clarified a link between the half-saturation constants for ammonia oxidation (Ks) and the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) groups in sludge from full-scale WWTPs and laboratory-scale nitrifying reactors. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that AOB affiliated with the Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster were the dominant AOM groups in the sludge taken from the low-ammonia-level WWTPs, while AOB associate with the Nitrosomonas europaea cluster comprised the majority of AOM groups in the sludge taken from the high-ammonia-level WWTPs and nitrifying reactors. A respirometric assay demonstrated that the ammonia Ks values for the high-ammonia-level WWTPs and nitrifying reactors were higher than those of the low-ammonia-level plants. Using the Ks values of available AOM cultures as a reference, the Ks values of the analyzed sludge were mainly influenced by the dominant AOB species. These findings implied that.different sets of kinetic values may be required for WWTPs with different dominant AOM species for more accurate WWTP design and operations.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2009

Concentrations of industrial, agricultural and natural chemicals have been increasing in secondary effluents without their combined sub-lethal effects having been elucidated. In this study, two assays (the comet and acetylcholinesterase assays) were combined to evaluate the genotoxic and neurotoxic effects of effluent from the Noksan wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on two local marine fish species (flounder and sea eel). The fish were exposed to WWTP secondary effluent that had been diluted with filtered seawater to final concentrations of 1%, 10% and 50%. Analysis of fish samples collected 3 and 5 days after exposure showed that DNA damage occurred in flounder exposed to 50% effluent and in sea eels exposed to 10% or 50% effluent. Furthermore, it was found that acetylcholinesterase (EC:3.1.1.7, AChE) activity decreased in both species when exposed to 10% effluent, indicating the presence of large amounts of genotoxic and neurotoxic chemicals in the effluent. Our results indicate that the comet and AChE assays are promising tools for biomonitoring of secondary effluents.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 2010

Fecal sterols, nonylphenolic compounds (NPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in surface water from Masan Bay and its adjacent rivers in February 2005. Concentrations of coporstanol (Cop), an indicator of fecal pollution, in surface water ranged from <10 to 13,853 ng/L, and concentrations of nonylphenol, the most toxic of the NPs, ranged from 10.2 to 481 ng/L, and concentrations of PAHs ranged from 8.61 to 223 ng/L. The concentrations of the compounds measured in this study were lower than or comparable to those at other locations in Korea and other countries. The contamination of Cop and PAHs in surface water was associated with the discharge from rivers passing through cities and/or industrial complexes. The NP contamination was associated with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents through outfalls as well as riverine discharge. Compared to ecotoxicological values, the concentrations of NPs from rivers, the mouths of rivers, and WWTP outfall areas exceeded guidelines, suggesting that hot spot areas may pose a potential risk to sensitive species.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2005

Pollution loading of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) is frequently over the capacity of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving the water. The objectives of this study are to investigate water quality of CSOs in Anmyun-ueup, Tean province and to apply Storm Water Management Model to predict flow rate and water quality of the CSOs. The capacity of a local WWTP was also estimated according to rainfall duration and intensity. Eleven water quality parameters were analyzed to characterize overflows. SWMM model was applied to predict the flow rate and pollutant load of CSOs during rain event. Overall, profile of the flow and pollutant load predicted by the model well followed the observed data. Based on model prediction and observed data, CSOs frequently occurs in the study area, even with light precipitation or short rainfall duration. Model analysis also indicated that the local WWTP’s capacity was short to cover the CSOs.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2007

Surface water and sediment samples collected from the Mokpo coast of Korea were analyzed for molecular markers of organic municipal wastewaters, i.e., 11 fecal sterols including coprostanol (Cop) and nonylphenolic compounds (NPs), to characterize the main routes of these wastewaters to the coast and to assess contamination levels. Concentrations of Cop ranged from 94 to 7,568 ng/L in surface water and from 43 to 38,108 ng/g dry weight in sediments. Concentrations of NPs [nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol mono- and di-ethoxylates ($NP_{1-2}EOs$)] ranged from 123 to 4,729 ng/L in surface water and from 4 to 2,119 ng/ng dry weight in sediments. The levels of these compounds were much higher at stations near the rivers that pass through the urban center of Mokpo and the outfall of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The spatial distribution of Cop levels was statistically similar to that of NPs (r=0.809 and 0.982 in surface water and sediments, respectively), indicating that these compounds may have similar discharge points, transport, mixing, and deposition in the study area. These results suggest that considerable amounts of organic wastewater compounds are discharged through rivers and WWTP effluent to the Mokpo coast.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2006

Multivariate analysis and batch monitoring on a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are described for integrated wastewater treatment management system, where a batchwise multiway independent component analysis method (MICA) are used to extract meaningful hidden information from non-Gaussian wastewater treatment data. Three-way batch data of SBR are unfolded batch-wisely, and then a non-Gaussian multivariate monitoring method is used to capture the non-Gaussian characteristics of normal batches in biological wastewater treatment plant. It is successfully applied to an 80L SBR for biological wastewater treatment, which is characterized by a variety of error sources with non-Gaussian characteristics. The batchwise multivariate monitoring results of a pilot-scale SBR for integrated wastewater treatment management system showed more powerful monitoring performance on a WWTP application than the conventional method since it can extract non-Gaussian source signals which are independent and cross-correlation of variables.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2018

Sludge transporting pipes in wastewater treatment plant are easy to be clogged with struvite when the digested sludge and dehydrated filtrate are transported through the pipes, which lowers the efficiency of sludge treatment system in a WWTP. pH is one of the most important factors in struvite formation, and carbon dioxide separated from biogas can be used to control pH and struvite formation. By controlling pH, the amount of dehydrating agent can be reduced by about 10%, which saves the budget for facility maintenance. As $CO_2$ is reused and dehydrating chemicals are saved, the approach can contribute to global warming gas reduction.