• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 생물학적 반응을 이용한 하수처리에서 미생물의 유기물 분해 반응에 필요한 적정 폭기량을 판단하는 기법을 제안한다. 적정 폭기량의 판단 시스템은 크게 세가지 부분으로 구성된다. 첫 번째는 주어진 운전데이터로부터 적정 폭기량을 판단하는 기능이며, 두 번째는 투입 폭기량을 판단된 적정 폭기량으로 변경했을 때의 처리 성능을 하수 처리 과정의 모델을 이용하여 계산하는 부분이고, 세 번째는 판단 결과를 보여주는 부분이다. 40일 동안의 하수처리장 운전데이터를 이용하여 제안된 판단 시스템의 성능을 확인하여 본 결과, 하수처리의 목적을 달성하면서도 폭기량을 10%이상 절감할 수 있음을 보였다

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigated the removal efficiency of BOD and nutrient for the treatment of low strength municipal wastewater by a biological nutrient removal system. In this experiment, the effect of operating parameter including HRT of 7.0hr, BOD/TN ratios of 2.62~4.08, internal recycle of 50~300%, and return sludge of 50~100%, were studied during winter season. Efficiencies of organic matter and T-P removal and denitrification were not significantly affected by the change of temperature in winter season. However, the specific nitrification rate and nitrification efficiency decreased at low temperature. Besides, denitrification efficiencies increased with increasing BOD/TN ratios. It was also found that the internal recycle and return sludge ratio below 50% is required for the effective denitrification of low strength municipal wastewater. With operating mode 4 of the optimum, the effluent BOD, T-N and T-P concentration were obtained to average 5.8, 14.6, and 0.84 mg/L, respectively. The temperature-activity coefficient (${\theta}$) of specific nitrification rate, specific denitrification rate and specific phosphorus uptake rate were obtained 1.044, 1.017, 1.028, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2016

The biological wastewater treatment plant, which uses microbial community to remove organic matter and nutrients in wastewater, is known as its nonlinear behavior and uncertainty to operate. Therefore, operation of the biological wastewater treatment process much depends on observation and knowledge of operators. The manual inspection of human operators is essential to manage the process properly, however, it is impossible to detect a fault promptly so that the process can be exposed to improper condition not securing safe effluent quality. Among various process faults, equipment malfunction is critical to maintain normal operational state. To detect equipment faults automatically, the dynamic time warping was tested using on-line oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which is a type of wastewater treatment process. After one cycle profiles of ORP and DO were measured and stored, they were warped to the template profiles which were prepared already and the distance result, accumulated distance (D) values were calculated. If the D values were increased significantly, some kinds of faults could be detected and an alarm could be sent to the operator. By this way, it seems to be possible to make an early detecting of process faults.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2011

The potential of algal-bacterial culture was investigated for advanced treatment of animal wastewater. Fed-batch experiments were carried out to examine treatability of nitrogen and phosphorus in different microbial consortium: Chlorella vulgaris, activated sludge, three microalgae strains (Scenedesmus, Microcystis, Chlorella) and Bacillus consortium, and three microalgae strains and sludge consortium. Single culture of C. vugaris showed the better efficiency for nitrogen removal but was not good at organic matter and phosphorus removal compared with activated sludge. Three microalgae and Bacillus consortium was best culture among the culture and consortium for pollutants removal tested in this experiment. Effect of $CO_2$ addition was studied by using three microalgae and Bacillus consortium. $CO_2$ addition enhanced T-P removal efficiency up to 60%. However, removal efficiencies of T-N and ammonia nitrogen reduced on the contrary.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2006

A pilot scale non-woven fabric filter separation activated sludge system was investigated for practical application on domestic wastewater reclamation and reuse. The system was operated in A/O (Anaerobic/Oxic) process with submerged filter module in the aerobic compartment. In the test of two types of filter materials ($70g/m^2$ and $35g/m^2$), the initial flux (0.42m/d) could be maintained for about three months by regular air backwashing of $70g/m^2$ filter at 0.3m water head. The removal efficiency of organic matter by the system was BOD 93.3%, CODcr 96.3%, SS 96.7%. The effluent quality was 7.8mg/L, 12mg/L and 5mg/L for BOD, CODcr and SS, respectively. The water quality was enough to meet a standard for domestic reuse without human contact. T-N removal efficiency was 49.9% at internal recycle rate 2Q and C/N ratio 3.3. The removal efficiency of T-P was 50% with average effluent concentration, 2.6mg/L.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.940-948
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• 2006

형광측정법은 자연유기물질을 간편하고 신속하게 분석함으로써 타 분석법에 비해 현장에서 실시간으로 수질관리에 활용할 수 있는 월등한 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 표준자연유기물질, 호소수 및 하천수 등 다양한 시료의 형광지표($F_{450}/F_{500}$), synchronous 스펙트럼, 형광 EEM(excitation-emission matrix)을 조사하고 시료 간 상호비교를 통해 자체생성/외부생성 유기물, 단백질계, 펄빅산계, 휴믹산계, 육질성 휴믹산계 형광특성 영역을 구분하였다. 또한 각 영역간의 형광세기 비를 이용하여 다양한 유기물 성분의 상대적인 분포를 파악하였다. 각 시료에서 얻어진 형광특성 및 형광세기 비는 시료의 수질 특징에서 예상되는 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 자연유기물의 생성지가 육지성일수록 외부생성 유기물 및 육질성 휴믹산계 형광특징이 더 크게 나타났고 하수 처리수의 영향을 받거나 조류 및 미생물 활동이 활발한 지점에서는 단백질계 형광특성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 특히, synchronous 형광스펙트럼이나 형광 EEM에서 얻어지는 단백질계/육질성 휴믹산계 형광세기 비는 도심지 하천의 경우 하수종말처리장 방류수 영향을 평가하는 지표로, 또한 호수의 경우 조류 및 미생물 활동 정도를 예측하는 지시자로서 사용될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 본 연구는 현장시료를 사용한 자연유기물질 형광분석법 및 그 해석에 대한 기초자료를 제시하였으며 이 연구결과는 향후 유기물 성분분포 파악이 필요한 수질관리 분야에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2017

Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane processes capable of producing highly purified water have been extensively applied as a pretreatment process in the wastewater reuse field with the improvement of membrane properties and resistance, development of operating protocols, and improvement of technologies of backwashing and physicochemical cleaning, and improvement of scale and antifoulants. However, despite of the development of membrane production and process technologies, fouling still remains unresolved. This study confirmed that foulants such as polysaccharides, proteins and humic substances existed in final treated effluent (secondary effluent) by fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In addition, when constructing ozone oxidation and coagulation processes as a hybrid process, the removal efficiency was 5.8%, 6.9%, 5.9%, and 28.2% higher than that of the single process using coagulation in turbidity, color, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and UV254, respectively. The reversible and irreversible resistances in applying the hybrid process consisting of ozone oxidation and coagulation processes were lower than those in applying ozone oxidation and coagulation processes separately in UF membrane process. Therefore, it is considered possible to apply ozonation/coagulation as a pretreatment process for stable wastewater reuse by and then contributing to the reduction of fouling when calculating the optimal conditions for ozone oxidation and coagulation and then to applying them to membrane processes.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 돈분폐수와 음식물폐수를 대상으로 대장균을 비롯한 병원성균의 존재여부를 파악하였으며, 이들을 여러 비율로 혼합한 혼합폐수를 대상으로 $55^{\circ}C$의 고온의 회분식 혐기소화를 실시하여 최적의 유기물 분해를 위한 혼합비율 및 혐기소화과정에서의 미생물상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 대장균 등의 분변성 장내세균은 축산폐수에서만 발견되었으며 식중독세균인 포도상구균은 음식물과 축산폐수 양쪽에서 발견되었다. 각 폐수의 혼합비율을 달리하여 고온 회분식 혐기소화과정을 거친 결과 각 폐수의 비율이 50:50인 R3 반응조에서 가장 높은 유기물 제거효율을 나타냈으며, 이때 $BOD_5$, CODcr SS의 감량율은 각각 23.2%, 24.7%, 19.7%로 나타났다. 한편, 소화과정 중 미생물상의 변화는 각 혼합반응조 모두 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 총 세균수의 경우, 반응 최종일까지 상당량의 미생물이 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, 대장균 등의 분변성 장내세균의 경우에는 반응 10일째 대부분이 사멸되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 포도상구균의 경우, 반응기간 내내 완만한 감소세를 보이며 최종 반응일 까지 1,000~5,000 CFU/mL 정도의 개체수가 유지되는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.542-548
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• 2015

This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 4 livestock byproducts from livestock farm were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the byproducts applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 5 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of organic matter decompositions. The easily degradable factors ($k_1$) ranged between $0.145{\sim}0.257day^{-1}$ and persistent degradable factors ($k_2$) were $0.027{\sim}0.080day^{-1}$. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater $k_1$ values (0.257, $0.211day^{-1}$) and smaller $k_2$ values (0.027, $0.030day^{-1}$) for dairy wastewater and forage byproduct, respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

This study analyzed influence factors and the correlation among pollutants which affect occurrence of leaked pollution based on the long-term runoff flow and water quality investigation results to understand the characteristics of highway rainfall runoff pollution load. According to the result of correlation analysis on TSS (Total Suspended Solid) concentration, anteceded dry days, rainfall intensity, traffic volume and etc. as major influence factors of highway rainfall runoff pollution loads, the correlations were weak or scarce in most items. These results might be attributed that runoff pollutant concentration changes vary severely on changes of rainfall intensity and rainfall duration within rainfall and it is affected by disturbances of vehicles and street cleaning and etc. as characteristics of the highway. While Cu, Fe and Zn which are discharged with high concentrations out of heavy metals showed high correlation with particulate matter, organic matter(COD), nutrient(TN, TP), Ni and Pb showed relatively low correlation in a correlation evaluation by pollutant. Significant correlation with traffic volumes was not shown and TSS concentration even decreased in accordance with increase of the traffic volume. In the comparison with precedent studies, it was considered necessary additional analysis of the effects of rainfall section analysis, road type, disturbances of surface contaminants by vehicles, rainfall and climate conditions, surrounding terrains etc.