• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.232-242
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study was to examine changes in the porosity and internal structure of wood as it goes through the process of saccharification (extraction of fermentable sugars). This study also examined the use of different drying methods to prepare samples for characterization of internal pores, with particular emphasis on the partially disrupted cell wall. Aspen wood flour samples after dilute acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis were examined for nitrogen adsorption. The resulting isotherms were analyzed for surface area, pore size distribution, and total pore volume. Results showed that freeze drying (with sample pre-freezing) maintains the cell wall structure, allowing for examination of saccharification effects. Acid pretreatment (hemicellulose removal) doubled the surface area and tripled the total volume of pores, which were mostly 10-20 nm wide. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis (cellulose removal) caused a 5-fold increase in the surface area and a ~ 11-fold increase in the total volume of pores, which ranged from 5 to 100 nm in width. These results indicate that nitrogen adsorption analysis is a feasible technique to examine the internal pore structure of lignocellulosic residues after saccharification. The information on the pore structure will be useful when considering value-adding options for utilizing the solid waste for biofuel production.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
• /
• pp.475-478
• /
• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing materials were made using a vacuum forming method from waste wood collected from local mountains in Korea. The waste wood was pulped by thermomechanical pulping. The TMP cushions showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to EPS and pulp mold. Even though the TMP cushions made using different suction times had many free voids in their inner fiber structure, their apparent densities were a little higher than EPS and much lower than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch improved the elastic modulus of the TMP cushions without increasing the apparent density, which was different from surface sizing with starch. The porosity of the TMP cushions was a little greater than EPS and much less than pulp mold. Finally, the TMP cushions have great potential to endure external impacts occurring during goods distribution.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.754-761
• /
• 2018

There is growing concern over the effects of global warning. In response, the power generation sector must consider a wider range of systems and fuels to generate power. One of the classes of solid fuels that is being increasingly developed is biomass. However, one of the most serious problems that biomass plants face is severe corrosion. To mitigate the problem, various approaches have been proposed in terms of additive utilization. This study is based on the results obtained during the co-combustion of wood chip and waste wood in a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFBC boiler). The KCl concentration was reduced from 59.9 ppm to 3.9 ppm during the injection of ammonium sulfate, and NOx was reduced by 25.5 ppm from 30.6 ppm to 5.1 ppm. However, SOx increased by 110.2 ppm from 33.2 ppm to 143.4 ppm, and HCl increased by 71.5 ppm from 340.5 ppm to 412.0 ppm. Thus, we confirmed that the attitude of the superheater tube was reduced by 87 ~ 93%, and the injection of ammonium sulfate was effective in preventing high-temperature corrosion.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2010

The main objectives of this comparative study were 1) to quantify the potential contribution of wood chips to revegetation on the cut slope in a constructed area, 2) to compare the floristic similarity of species composition whether existing of wood chips in the soil media or not. Wood chips were combined with soil media in the ratio of 30%. The thin layer (1 cm, 3 cm) soil media revegetation methods and the thick layer (10 cm) soil media revegetation method were constructed on the cut slopes by machineries respectively. Also, comparative experiments the existence of wood chips in the soil media were conducted to evaluate the effects of wood chips on revegetation works. The total size of quadrat was $300m^2$ ($100m^2{\times}3$). The results of monitoring for 3 years on cut slopes were as follows: 1) All the quadrat existed in the proper range for vegetation. 2) Species richness of quadrat including wood chips was 10% more than those of commercial soil medias. 3) The coverage rates of quadrat including wood chips were similar or superior to those of conventional methods. It can be concluded that the use of wood chips would be effective to promote establishment of diverse landscape and vegetation. However, it behooves to continue monitoring on succession of vegetation for ecological restoration. Finally, adequate wood chips deposit and gathering methods should be studied properly.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2001

한지(韓紙) 제조(製造) 공정(工程) 중에서 발생하는 백색 슬러지와 흑색 슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10, 20, 30, 40%)로 목재(木材) 파티클과 혼합(混合)하고 PMDI, 요소 및 페놀수지를 이용하여 각각 목표비중(目標比重) 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합(複合)보드를 제조(製造)하여 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)을 측정 분석한 결과 흡수길이변화율은 대조보드에 비해 크게 증가하지 않았으며 흡수두께팽창율은 PMDI를 적용한 백색 슬러지 목재(木材) 파티클 복합(複合)보드가 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 흡수율은 흑색 슬러지 목재(木材) 파티클 복합(複合)보드의 경우 혼합(混合) 비율(比率)이 증가할수록 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2002

한지제조공정(韓紙製造工程) 중(中)에서 발생(發生)하는 백색 슬러지와 흑색 슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10, 20, 30, 40%)로 목재(木材)파티클과 혼합(混合)하고 PMDI, 요소 및 페놀수지를 이용하여 목표비중(目標比重) 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합(複合)보드를 제유(製遺)하여 기포적(機捕的) 성질(性質)을 측정한 결과 파티클보드에 한지(韓紙) 슬러지를 약 20%까지는 혼합(混合)하여 복합재(複合材)를 제조하여도 충분히 가능(可能)하리라 믿어진다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.357-366
• /
• 2022

Biochar can be obtained by using various types of biomass under an oxygen-limited condition. Biochar can be utilized for various applications such as soil improvement, waste management, growth promotion, and adsorption. Wood vinegar is produced by the process of pyrolysis wood biomass and is used as a growth promoter, for soil improvement, and as a feed additive. When wood vinegar is treated on soil, it acts to control soil pH, improve nutrient availability, and alleviate N₂O and NH₃ volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar and wood vinegar on the growth of perilla and soil quality. The experiment was conducted by using a Wagner pot (1·5,000 a^-1) in a glass greenhouse. The biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 450℃ for 30 minutes using rice husk and rice straw. Wood vinegar was diluted to 1 : 500 (v·v^-1) and used in this experiement. In the results of a cultivation experiment, co-application of biochar and wood vinegar enhanced the growth of perilla. In particular, rice husk biochar affected the leaves of the perilla, and rice straw biochar influenced the stems of the perilla. In addition, soil quality after treatment with biochar and wood vinegar applied together was highest compared to other units. Therefore, it is anticipated that co-application of biochar and wood vinegar will be more productive and improve soil quality compared to individual utilization of biochar and wood vinegar.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 2011

열 중량 분석기를 이용하여, 상온에서부터 $600^{\circ}C$까지 10, 20, and $30^{\circ}C/min$의 승온 속도로 바이오매스/플라스틱 혼합물의 혼합열분해를 수행하였다. 바이오매스는 폐목재 우드칩(WWC)을 사용하였고, 플라스틱은 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LLDPE)을 시료로 사용하였다. LLDPE 단독 분해시 $430{\sim}550^{\circ}C$, WWC 단독 분해시는 $230{\sim}600^{\circ}C$에서 분해되었으나, 두 가지 시료를 혼합하여 혼합열분해 한 결과, WWC에 해당하는 분해 온도는 일정한 반면 LLDPE 분해구간의 분해온도가 상승하였다. 이러한 실험결과는 높은 온도범위에서 LLDPE와 WWC이 혼합열분해 되는 동안에 상호작용이 일어났음을 의미한다.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 2012

Wood biomass including forest residues, waste wood, and construction residuals has been widely generated in Korea, but forest biomass from the National Forest Management Operation Project plays a big role in generating wood biomass. Unfortunately the promotion policy of woody energy organized by the Forest Service in Korea concentrates more on demand creation rather than on supply expansion. Therefore, in order to utilize insufficient wood resources effectively, it is greatly required to develop uses for maximizing their added value. In particular, more attention to the use of the second generation biomass has been paid in foreign countries because there is a threshold that the first generation biomass cannot produce enough biofuel without threatening food supplies and biodiversity. In Korea, wood pellets are regarded as the alternative clean fuels to oils and coals that emit green house gases into the atmosphere. However, using wood as pellet raw materials can not be an economic way because the value of wood disappears right after burning in the boiler in spite of its contribution to the decrease of carbon emission. Differently from wood pellets, kraft pulping process using woody biomass produces black liquor as a by-product which can be used to generate electricity, bioenergy and biochemicals through gasification. Thus, it can be more economical to make a torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass such as low-quality wood and agricultural leftovers as raw materials of pellets.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제30권11호
• /
• pp.1102-1110
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 폐목재 발생원별 삼성분, 발열량, 그리고 중금속 및 Cl 함량을 분석하여 폐목재 특성을 평가함으로써 향후 폐목재 등급화를 위한 품질근거 기준을 마련하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 임목부산물, 생활계폐목재, 건설폐목재, 그리고 사업장폐목재의 4가지로 분류한 폐목재에서 수분함량은 대부분 5$\sim$10%를 나타내었으며, 이를 수분함량을 제외한 건조기준으로 환산하였을 때 가연분함량은 95% 이상이었고, 회분함량은 5% 이하를 나타내었다. 폐목재는 수분함량이 55%로 높았던 버섯재배폐목을 제외하고는 '건설폐기물의재활용촉진에관한법률'의 고형연료제품의 품질기준 중 발열량 기준(저위발열량 $\geq$ 3,500 kcal/kg)을 만족하였다. CCA (Cr, Cu, As)로 처리된 벤치목, 폐선박, 철도침목 등 방부목에서 CCA가 매우 높게 나타나 방부목의 사용과 관리, 폐기처분에 대한 엄격한 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. Cl 함량은 목재 어(魚)상자에서만 약 1.3%로 가장 높게 나타났고 나머지 폐목재 및 재활용제품에서는 0.2% 이하의 낮은 값을 보였으나 고형연료제품의 염소함량 품질기준 (건조기준 2wt.%)을 모두 만족시켰다. 발생원별 폐목재를 유해물질 함유량을 기준으로 3등급화할 경우 대부분의 폐목재가 1등급에 해당하였으며, 합판류, MDF (medium density fiber), 표면도색된 전선드럼은 2등급에 해당하였다. 3등급에 해당하는 폐목재는 벤치목, 재활용공장목재분진, 폐선박과 철도침목으로 나타났다.