• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2000

Four bacteria capable of using aniline as a sole source of carbon and energy we4e isolated from river waters. Among them, two strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrRNA gene sequence and the others as delftia acidovorans. The four strains were able to grow on the mineral salt media containing aniline at concentrations up to 6,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Since aniline degradation by S. maltophilia has not been reported so far, the two strains A-s and 51-4 were selected for further studies. They completely utilized aniline in a mineral salt medium containing 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of aniline as a sole carbon and energy source within 24 hours. Optimum pH and temperature for aniline degradation and cell growth of both strains were 7.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. In addition, they effectively degraded aniline is waste, underground and river waters containing 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of aniline. This is the first report of aniline degradation by S. maltophilia strains.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2017

Excessive amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odorants discharged into the environment are highly dangerous to human health as well as to ecological systems. Biological treatments of waste gas streams, called biofiltration, containing VOCs and odorous compounds has gained much attention because biofilters are more cost effective and environmentally friendly than conventional air pollution control technologies. This review provides an overview of biotrickling filtration, which is a type of biofiltration including continuous trickled-water flow inside filter media, for VOC and odor abatement. The configuration, design, cost effectiveness, removal capacity and environmental impact of this techniques and the future research and development needs in this area are all considered.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1979

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potentially valuable resources. As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Pinus, Quercus and Populus grown in korea can be enhanced by Knowing its chemical Properties. Specially, uses of bark in mulching, growing media and soil amendment can be enhanced by knowing pH and C.E.C values. In this paper, an investigative study is carried out on the pH-and C.E.C-values. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Bark is acid in nature, and pH values of bark varying from 3.3 to 4.7, is lower than that of wood.pH value of Pinus is the lowest. 2. Cation exchange capacity of bark is greater than that of wood, silt loam soil, and wheat straw.CEC of bark is 45.7 meq/100gm in Pinus, 41.8 meq/100gm in populus, 37.8 meq/100gm in Quercus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.497-502
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• 2012

Anaerobic Digestion Process is evaluated as efficient wastewater treatment process with the removal of high concentrations of organic waste and production of biogas. This study was performed using hybrid anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) which consists of anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and biofilm-coated filter media was applied for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) for 80 days to know optimum removal efficiency and production of biogas by comparing each part which divided changing Organic Loading Rate (OLR). As a result of this study, the removal efficiency was 90.4 % when the organic loading rate of influent was 15 kg COD/$m^3$/day. Since organic loading rate was up to 20 kg COD/$m^3$/day, the removal rate declined 80.7%. Over loading of influent caused sludge expansion and overproduction of microorganism. Amount of biogas was collected 82.3 L/day and pH was remained 6.9 constantly with balance of alkalinity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1076-1089
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• 2012

Home automation networks are good environments for merging sensor networks and consumer electronics technologies. It is very important to reduce the energy consumption of each sensor node because sensor nodes operate with limited power based on a battery that cannot be easily replaced. One of the primary mechanisms for achieving low energy operation in energy-constrained wireless sensor networks is the duty-cycle operation, but this operation has several problems. For example, unnecessary energy consumption occurs during synchronization between transmission schedules and sleep schedules. In addition, a low duty-cycle usually causes more performance degradation, if the network becomes congested. Therefore, an appropriate control scheme is required to solve these problems. In this paper, we propose UDC (Unsynchronized Duty-cycle Control), which prevents energy waste caused by unnecessary preamble transmission and avoids congestion using duty-cycle adjustment. In addition, the scheme adjusts the starting point of the duty-cycle in order to reduce sleep delay. Our simulation results show that UDC improves the reliability and energy efficiency while reducing the end-to-end delay of the unsynchronized duty-cycled MAC (Media Access Control) protocol in sensor-based home automation networks.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.782-787
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• 2008

The Kalina cycle simulation study was carried out for a preliminary design of a geothermal power generation system. The Kalina cycle system can be used for the utilization of a low-temperature heat sources such as geothermal and industrial waste heat that are not hot enough to produce steam. The sea/river water can be considered as a cooling media. A steady-state simulation model was developed to analyze and optimize its performance. The model contains a turbine, a pump, an expansion valve and heat exchangers. The turbine and pump were modelled by an isentropic efficiency, while a condenser, an evaporator and a regenerative heat exchanger were modeled by UA-LMTD method with a counter-flow assumption. The simulation results show that the power generation efficiency over 10% is expected when a heat source and sink inlet temperatures are $100^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 1998

The possibility of application of membrane type immobilized adsorbent to the fed-batch or perfusion culture system with anchorage-independent cells as well as batch system was investigated. The improvement in cell density and cell viability due to the combination of immobilized adsorbent with each culture system was evaluated for the investigation, and the optimum culture system employing immobilized adsorbent system was suggested based on the results. It was observed that the system with immobilized adsorbent showed better cell growth and cell viability than that without immobilized adsorbent in every operation system of batch, fed-batch, and perfusion. In case of batch system, 200% improvement of maximum cell density was observed in the system where ammonium chloride was added on purpose. And 50% improvement of maximum cell density was observed in the fed-batch system where ammonium ion accumulates significantly, while small increase in maximum cell density was observed in the perfusion system where dilution of waste byproducts exists. Especially, the fed-batch system showed the most significant improvement on cell growth because both compensation of nutrient and removal of ammonium ion occurred simultaneously in the system. Therefore a combined system of immobilized adsorbent and fed-batch operation could be suggested as an optimum system with in situ removal of ammonium ion.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2014

Iron precipitating organisms play a significant role in the formation of ferric hydroxide precipitate, which acts as strong adsorbent for toxic metal. In this respect four different iron precipitating cultures were isolated from Hutti gold mine surface winze water sample on citrate agar medium. The best isolate was screened out for metal removal study on the basis of fast visual iron precipitation. The selected isolate was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on routine biochemical tests and Biolog GN microplate results and as Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (GenBank accession number EU429448). Influence of medium composition, medium initial pH, the influence of inoculum size, effect of various media and ferric ammonium citrate concentration were studied on metal removal in shake flask experiments. Under the optimized conditions studied, E. cloacae showed $94{\pm}2$, $95{\pm}2$ and $70{\pm}2%$ of cadmium, copper and mercury removal from a simulated waste in shake flask studies. In lab scale column reactor more than 85% of copper and mercury removal was achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2008

Eco printing offers the perfect balance between getting all our printing jobs done without endangering the environment. It is important to realize that the printing industry is no exception to this rampant destruction of the planet's natural resources. In fact, surprisingly enough, its effect on the environment is an extremely harmful one. Like most other production operations, printing houses also produce harmful waste products that pollute the air we breathe in. They also put a great drain on precious natural resources. Printing houses emit what are known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), caused by the use of petroleum-based inks, laminates, varnishes and adhesives. Studies show that these compounds, when inhaled, greatly increase the risk of asthma attacks. Eco printing, however, has a larger scope than is apparent. Eco printing has a dual essence. In order to understand what it is really all about, the issue of conservation is no less important than the need to stop polluting the environment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1977

A bacterium strain (K-173-10) which was isolated from waste soil of Korea brewing factory, could be grown on acetate as the sole carbon source and accumulated a considerable amount of L-glutamic acid in the medium. This strain was identified as the new species Brevibacterium ammoniagenes. This study was concerned not only with the culture condition for the production of L-glutamic acid and the cell growth, but also with the effects on concentration of various kind of organic substances, growth factors and penicillin. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1. It was found that the concentrations of acetate and ammonium ions affected the growth of the bacterium as well as its L-glutamate accumulation. The optimum conditions of the composition of grown media for the growth of the bacterium and its glutamic acid production was found to be 40 g/l of total acetate, $100\;{\mu}g/l$ thiamine, $0.5\;{\mu}g/l$ biotin and $1{\sim}2g/l$ corn steep liquor as the growth factors. 2. Organic acid such as succinic acid, malic acid and ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$ acid inhibited the cell growth as well as its L-glutamic acid production. 3. The penicillin (20 units/ml) stimulated the production of glutamic acid at appropriate incubation period. 4. It was found that this strain could grow in the presence of urea and ammonium acetate but not in other nitrogen sources.