• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2022

Recently, with the development of industry and the improvement of living standards, various wastes are generated along with the production of various products. Most of these wastes are used as containers for products, and plastic or aluminum is used. Various attempts are being made to automate the classification of these wastes due to the high labor cost, but most of them are solved by manpower due to the geometrical shape change due to the nature of the waste. In this study, in order to automate the waste sorting task, Deep Learning technology is applied to a robot system for waste sorting and a vision system for waste sorting to effectively perform sorting tasks according to the shape of waste. As a result of the experiment, a Deep Learning parameter suitable for waste sorting was selected. In addition, through various experiments, it was confirmed that 99% of wastes could be selected in individual & group image learning. It is expected that this will enable automation of the waste sorting operation.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a mobile separating and sorting device for discharge sites to separate and sort mixed construction waste generated in small and medium scale in small provincial cities into inorganic materials and combustible materials. The study results can be summarized as follows: 1) As a result of analyzing the existing domestic technology for the separating and sorting mixed construction waste, a device sorting the waste by fusing the vibration screen, disc screen, air blowing methods and the separating and sorting the combustible waste is applied in Korea. 2) In foreign countries, the air blowing, screen, gravity sorters are used for separating and sorting combustible waste in the same way as in Korea. Especially German T Company suggests a construction waste separating and sorting system using an optical sorter. 3) As for the test device for separating and sorting mixed construction waste to be buried in landfill, the processing capacity was set as 16 tons per day. 4) For separating and sorting inorganic materials by granularity, this study set a trommel with two types of diameter as a basic. To operate the mobile all-in-one system, the device is designed to locate a conveyor, a combustible waste conveying device, inside of the trommel. 5) The device is designed in a mobile mode under the concept of primary separating and sorting device, and it can be transported using a 2.5-ton truck minimum. The diameter and length of the trommel are designed to be within 1500mm and 3000mm, respectively. In a further study, an optimized separating and sorting technology is planned to be presented through an experimental study for processing efficiency analysis at the mixed construction waste site by manufacturing the pilot experiment facility reflecting the design elements in the result of this study.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

Due to the increase in population and consequently the increase in the production of plastic waste, recovery of this part of the waste is an undeniable necessity. On the other hand, the recycling of plastic waste, if it is placed in a systematic process and controlled, can be effective in creating jobs and maintaining environmental health. Waste collection in many large cities has become a major problem due to lack of proper planning with increasing waste from population accumulation and changing consumption patterns. Today, waste management is no longer limited to waste collection, but waste collection is one of the important areas of its management, i.e. training, segregation, collection, recycling and processing. In this study, a systematic method based on machine vision for sorting plastic bottles in different colors for recycling purposes will be proposed. In this method, image classification and segmentation techniques were presented to improve the performance of plastic bottle classification. Evaluation of the proposed method and comparison with previous works showed the proper performance of this method.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper (1) identifies the factors that affect people's changing habits towards waste sorting, (2) evaluates the benefits of waste sorting to the environment and (3) designs communication strategies to change people's behavior and habits in sorting plastic waste in Ho Chi Mnh City, Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: Using the data from 309 people that are living in Ho Chi Minh City and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), to evaluate variables and test the hypotheses. Results: Research results show that attitudes, subjective standards, behavioral control, and facilities affect people's intention to classify plastic waste. We find that environmental concerns greatly influence people's attitudes. In contrast, environmental concerns have a relatively weaker effect on people's degree of behavioral control. Conclusion: Environmental protection is a matter of concern in the world. In Vietnam, this issue has been institutionalized into law to create a basis for improving the effectiveness of environmental protection activities. This article has some limitations. Firstly, sample is limited to HCMC residents; the study results are not representative of the entire population of Vietnam. This paper is based on cross-sectional data, which is not the best way to establish a causal relationship between the intention to sort plastic waste and its drivers.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2022

To solve the challenge of waste plastics, this study investigated the related technologies and company trends along the plastic life cycle, and primarily describes ICT technologies to improve efficiency in the process of sorting and sorting waste plastics. Waste plastic discharge caused by the explosive increase in parcel traffic because of COVID-19 is also growing exponentially. Hence, waste treatment is emerging as a social challenge. Most of the domestic waste classification depends on the manual process according to the waste pollution level. The plastic material classification approach using the spectroscopy approach reveals a high error in the contaminated waste plastic classification, but if the Artificial Intelligence-based image classification technology is employed together, the classification precision can be enhanced because of the type of waste plastic product and the contaminated part can be differentiated.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

폐소형가전의 재활용 공정에서 발생하는 플라스틱류 중 검정색 플라스틱의 경우 재질 선별이 어려워 혼합물의 형태로 저급 재활용 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 검정색 플라스틱의 재질별 선별을 위하여 비중선별, 정전선별, 근적외선 선별 및 IR/Raman 분광법 등 기존 선별 기술의 검토를 통하여, 현장 적용에 대한 문제점 및 제한사항을 확인하였다. 검정색 플라스틱의 재질선별에 대한 기술적 한계를 극복하기 위하여 레이저유도붕괴분광법(Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS)을 이용하여 검정색 플라스틱의 각 재질별 LIBS 스펙트럼을 분석하였으며, 정규화 과정을 수행한 후 차원축소 알고리즘인 주성분 분석(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)을 수행하였다. 또한, 검정색 플라스틱의 각 재질별 LIBS 스펙트럼 분석 및 주성분 분석을 통하여 향후 재질별 인식 및 선별 기술의 현장적용을 위해서는 추가적으로 해결해야 할 문제점을 확인하였다. 검정색 플라스틱의 재질별 인식의 정확성 및 선별효율의 향상을 위하여 지능형 알고리즘 분야의 연구를 통하여 효율이 우수한 분류기를 설계하고 분류기의 성능 및 신뢰도 향상을 위한 연구가 추가적으로 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 건설폐기물의 실질적인 재활용율을 높이고자 건설폐기물의 발생단계인 해체공사 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 소형의 이동식 분리 선별 장치를 개발하고 이에 대한 선별 효율성능을 평가하였다. 개발한 장치는 상당수의 해체현장이 도심지에 소재한다는 점을 고려하여 협소한 현장여건과 해체현장에서 수행되는 다양한 공정을 고려하여 $15m^2$ 면적 이내에서 1개의 암롤박스를 하루에 처리할 수 있는 16ton의 용량의 이동식 소형 분리 선별 장치를 개발하였다. 개발한 장치의 효율성능을 평가하기 위하여 트롬멜 회전속도 RPM 2~3, 4~6, 7~8에 대하여 10회씩 분리 선별을 실시하였고 그 결과 RPM 6~7에서 가장 높은 약 90%의 효율로 투입폐기물을 성상별로 분리하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the musculoskeletal symptoms of workers treating electronics industry waste at a recycling sorting plant by case survey. Methods: The musculoskeletal symptoms were investigated by conducting a survey targeting workers treating waste from the electronics industry. Through utilizing the ergonomic evaluation techniques such as RULA, REBA, and OWAS, the four tasks were divided into three detailed processes (sorting, movement, loading) and the work of workers was evaluated for a total of 12 processes. Results: As a result of the questionnaire survey on musculoskeletal symptom, 40% of workers answered that they had musculoskeletal disease symptoms, and the symptom sites were hands(30%), legs(20%), arms(10%), and shoulders(5%). Based on the results obtained from analysis through ergonomic evaluation techniques such as RULA, REBA, and OWAS, 75% of them were found to need improvement or follow-up immediately or immediately after the second stage or higher. As compared to REBA and OWAS, the RULA, which evaluates the upper limb in detail, has a higher score, and in the process of sorting and loading relatively light wastes such as paper and plastic, the waist is raised by repeating the work of bowing and stretching. Conclusions: The heavy wastes such as 200L drums were evaluated as having a low load on the elbows and wrists because body action was relatively lower than moving paper and plastic. In addition, the overall load score was evaluated lower in the moving work compared to the sorting or loading process.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2009

선별토사와 관행농토를 혼합하여 물리역학시험을 실시한 결과 일반 성 복토재로써 물리적 성능이 일반토양과 유사하여 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 토양분석시험 결과 산도가 강알칼리성을 보였고 유효인산 성분이 다소 부족하였으며, 치환성 양이온 중 Ca의 성분의 과잉으로 인하여 생육 저하 현상이 발생할 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 상층토 50cm를 걷어내고 하층토 부분을 선별토사로 치환 후 걷어낸 상층토를 관행농토로 복토하여 생육 분석한 결과, 생육 장해 요인이 거의 없는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 선별토사를 활용하는데 있어서 선별토사를 근권의 영향권인 유효토심에 사용하는 경우에는 작물의 생육을 저해할 가능성도 있기 때문에 객토와 같은 유효토심에 직접적으로 사용하기 보다는 근권에 대한 영향이 상대적으로 적은 하층토에 대해 대체하는 방안이 유효할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 선별토사를 세척하는 기술이나 산도의 중화, 유기물 공급 등의 방법을 강구해야 하며, 선별토사의 재료원이 일정치 않은 특성상 품질이 균질하지 않기 때문에 품질확보를 위해서는 품질에 따라 1급, 2급, 3급 등으로 나누고 사용용도 기준을 각각 정하여 품질의 확보를 위한 인증제도의 도입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.