• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

This study is conducted to evaluate the leaching of contaminants from mine tailing by natural water and finally to estimate the leaching and transportation of heavy metal contaminants by rainfall. In order to identify contaminated heavy metal of soil, 17 soil, 2 tailing and 2 waste dump and 2 control samples were taken at mine area and analyzed total metal contents. The leaching experiments were conducted using distilled water. Cu, Pb, Zn was extracted from the reddish mine tailing in a short period time, especially the extraction rate of Cu (45.0%) was highest. The contaminants were leached from the yellowish mine tailing within an hour and the leaching rate of Cd (42.0%) and Zn (17.2%) were relatively high. The reddish soil from the waste dump showed leaching of Cu (5.1%), Pb (4.0%) and Zn (3.3%), however the leaching rate was low except Mi (14.2%). From the yellowish soil sampled from the dumping site, the leaching of Cu (8.2%) and Ni (9.7%) was high while the leaching of Zn (0.2%) were relatively low.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

Several mines including Namil, Solim and Jungbong which are located in the Gyeonggi and Kangwon province have been abandoned and closed since 1980 due to "The promotion policy of mining industry". An enormous amount of mining wastes was disposed without proper treatment, which caused soil pollution in tailing dam and ore-dressing plant areas. However, any quantitative assessment was not performed about soil and water pollution by transporting mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed according to leaching method which used 0.1 N HCl and total solution method which used Aqua-regia to recognize the ecological effect of distance from hot spot. We sampled tailings, rocky wastes and soils around the abandoned mine. Chemical and physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), soil texture and heavy metal concentration were analyzed. The range of soil's pH is between 4.3 and 6.4 in the tailing dam and oredressing plant area due to mining activity. Total concentrations of As, Cu, and Pb in soil near ore dressing plant area are 250.9, 249.3 and 117.2 mg/kg respectively, which are higher than any other ones near tailing dam area. Arsenic concentration in tailing dams is 31.0 mg/kg, which is also considered as heavily polluted condition comparing with the remediation required level(RRL) in "Soil environment conservation Act".

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.183-193
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• 2006

Several metalliferous and coal mines, including Seojin and Okdong located at the Kangwon province, were abandoned or closed since 1989 due to the mining industry promotion policy and thus disposed an enormous amount of mining wastes without a proper treatment facilities, resulting in water and soil pollution in the downstream areas. However, no quantitative assessment was made on soil and water pollution by the transport of mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, total and fractional concentrations of heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed and accordingly the degree of water and soil pollutions in the stream area were quantitatively assessed employing the several pollution indices. Concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils near the abandoned coal mine areas were 1,240.0, 25.0 and 1,093.0 mg/kg, respectively, and these concentrations were higher than those in soils near the closed metalliferous mine areas. Also Cu concentrations in soils near the tailing dams were about 1967 mg/kg, which is considered as very polluted level. Results demonstrated that soil at the abandoned mine areas were highly contaminated by AMO, tailing, and effluents of the mining wastes. Therefore, a prompt countermeasure on the mining waste treatment and remediation of the codntaminated water and soil should be made to the abandoned or closed metalliferous and coal mines located at the abandoned mine area.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.743-747
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• 2005

In South Korea, about 900 metal mines have been abandoned, and about 88 million-t metal mine wastes have been discarded in recent years. The treatment of the tailings which are the main wastes in the abandoned metal mines becomes a social problem because they cause environmental pollution such as acidic waste water generation, groundwater contamination, and dust generation. Since almost whole quantities of the tailings have disposed by landfill now, the development of effective recycling methods for the tailings are strongly requested. It is expected that the fine tailings obtained by centrifugal separation process among the tailings can be utilized as admixture for cement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the micro-structure of cement mortar admixed with fine tailing. Various admixtures were made of Fine tailings and 2 Types of OPC, fly-ash and blast furnace slag. The hydration reactivity of cement mortar with FT was examined by Porosity, XRD and SEM morphology analysis. The anolytical result about hardened hydrates shows that waste fine tailing help hydrates none densified due to it,s filling-space, These densified effect is concluded with improving the resistance to attack of cement mortar including waste fine tailing.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 폐콘크리트 재생골재를 활용한 친환경적 폐광미 매립지 사면에 대한 폭넓은 수치해석을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 콘크리트 재생잔골재와 폐광미의 물리 역학적 재료 특성을 조사하였고, 재생잔골재가 물(지하수/우수 가정)과 반응하여 알칼리 발생에 따른 지반침하발생 여부 및 재료적 특성 변화도 살펴본 후 이를 바탕으로 사면안정해석을 집중 수행하였다. 재생잔골재와 물의 반응 실험결과, 재생잔골재에서 $OH^-$의 용출로 인한 침하는 발생하지 않았고, 투수계수, 공극률, 흡수율에서도 미미한 차이만이 발생하였으므로 이를 사면해석시 고려하지 않았다. 폐광미와 재생잔골재를 층으로 다져서 매립하는 임의 사면에 대한 수치해석 수행 결과, 사면의 안전율은 사면경사가 완만할수록, 재생잔골재 층의 두께가 커질수록, 사면 내 수위가 낮을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 폐콘크리트 재생잔골재를 활용한 친환경적 폐광미 매립지 설계 및 시공시 매립지 사면의 경사, 재생잔골재 층의 두께, 사면 내 수위에 대한 고려를 반드시 하여야 한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.54-70
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• 2024

생산이 완료된 노천광산 채굴적을 광미(광물찌꺼기) 적치 장소로 활용하는 방안은 기존 광미 적치 시설(TSF, Tailing storage facility)의 설치 공간 및 운영비용 문제 해결을 위한 대안으로 제시된다. 하지만 장기간에 걸쳐 적치된 광미는 주변 암반에 추가적인 하중으로 작용하여 광산의 역학적 안정성을 저해할 위험성이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 호주 Marymia 광산의 사례를 참고하여 약 60,400 시간에 걸친 광미 적치 시나리오를 구축하였으며, 다양한 지하 채광장 형태 및 암반 조건에 따른 천반 수평필러의 역학적 안정성을 Sigma/W 해석 소프트웨어를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 광미 적치가 장기간 지속됨에 따라 천반 수평필러의 파괴 가능성이 유의미하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 해당 결과는 노천채굴적 내 광미 적치 시 광산 구조에 대한 역학적 안정성 고려가 필수적임을 시사한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2008

울진광산 지역에 매립된 광미와 방치된 폐광석이 주변 하천에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해, 하천수, 침출수, 갱내수 및 지하수의 물리화학적인 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 폐광석 내 황화광물의 풍화 특징을 파악하기 위한 광물학적 연구와, 토양 내 미량원소의 분산 특성을 파악하기 위한 총함량 분석을 수행하였다. 매립된 광미에서 발생하는 침출수의 pH의 범위는 $2.9{\sim}6.0$이며, EC는 $99{\sim}3990{\mu}S/cm$로 주원소(최대 492 mg/l Ca; 83.8 mg/l Mg; 45.2 mg/l Na; 44.7 mg/l K; 50.8 mg/l Si) 및 미량원소(최대 $826,060{\mu}g/l$ Fe; $131,230{\mu}g/l$ Mn; $333,600{\mu}g/l$ Al; $61,340{\mu}g/l$ Zn; $2,530{\mu}g/l$ Cu; $573{\mu}g/l$ Cd; $476{\mu}g/l$ Pb)함량이 높게 나타났다. 하천수의 물리화학적 특성은 침출수와 지류의 유입에 따른 공간적 변화와 강수량에 따른 시기별 변화가 관찰되었다. 침출수의 유입으로 하천수의 용존 이온의 농도는 증가하지만 오염되지 않은 지류와의 혼합에 의한 희석작용으로 하류로 갈수록 감소한다. 건기인 2월에는 침출수 유입량이 줄어 하천수의 용존 이온 함량이 우기보다 낮다. 하지만 건기에는 지류 및 하천수의 유량 감소로 인하여 희석작용이 상대적으로 미약하여 우기에 비해 오염 확산 범위가 더 넓은 것으로 확인되었다. 배경치와 비교한 울진광산 주변의 토양시료의 중금속 농집 순서는 망간>철>납>구리>아연으로 나타났다. 울진광산에서 산출되는 황화광물은 자류철석과 섬아연석이 주를 이루며, 방연석과 황동석이 수반된다. 이 중 자류철석이 가장 풍화가 빠르게 진행되었으며, 광물 내부에 발달된 균열부와 입자 가장 자리를 따라 내부로 산화가 진행되어 철수산화광물이 생성되며, 소량의 Zn을 흡착하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.222-231
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• 2005

광산주변의 광해대책 없이 방치된 대부분의 잔류광미는 광산지역의 하류 농경지뿐만 아니라 재배 작물의 중금속 오염의 주원인이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 폐금속광산의 중금속 오염 특성을 평가하기 위하여 국내 25개 광산 주변에서 채취한 광미를 대상으로 수용성, 산가용성 및 전함량 중금속을 분석 검토하였다. 광미 중 수용성 무기이온들의 함량은 ${SO_4}^{2-}>Ca^{2+}>Mn^{2+},\;Na^+,\;Al^{3+}>Mg^{2+},\;Fe^{3+}>Cl^-$ 순으로 높았으며, 특히 pH, EC, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ 및 $Ca^{2+}$ 함량은 광산별로 큰 편차를 보였다. 광미중의 중금속 전함량은 Cd 31.8, Cu 708, Pb 4,961, Zn 2,275 및 As 3,235 mg/kg이었고, 중금속 중 Cd, Zn 및 As는 우리나라 토양환경보전법의 토양오염대책 기준을 초과하였다. 광미 중 전함량에 대한 수용성 중금속 비율은 Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > As 순으로 높게 나타나 토양 환경내에서 이동성이 높은 순위와 일치하였다. 또한 0.1M-HCl 산가용성 침출비율은 각각 Cd 17.4, Cu 10.2, Pb 6.5, Zn 6.8 및 As 11.4%(1M-HCl 추출성)이었고, 광미 중 중금속 전함량에 대한 수용성 함량비율은 화학성분 조성과 관련성이 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 광미중의 중금속 부화계수(EF)는 As > Pb > Cd > Cu > Zn 순이었고, 오염지순(PI)는 Au-Ag 광산이 다른 광산보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 광산 주변 광미의 중금속 부화계수와 오염지수를 근거로 볼 때 심각한 수준으로 중금속이 농집되어 있어 폐광산 주변의 주요 오염원은 광미를 포함한 광산폐기물로 판단할 수 있었다. 따라서 폐광산 주변에서 중금속을 다량 함유된 광미의 유실 및 강우에 의한 유출은 하부 수계 및 농경지에 심각한 문제를 야기 시키며,특히 산성 황화물을 함유하는 광산폐수는 산성배수를 일으켜 중금속 용출 부화를 가중시킬 수 있어 이에 대한 대책이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine waste and to assess the potential S. P. A. G.(Soil Pollution Assesment Guidance) of each metal fraction. Mine wastes analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of wastes ranged from 3.3 to 8.0. Contents of total N and loss on ignition matter were in the ranges of 0.2~5.6%, and 0.8~15.3%, respectively. Heavy metals in the wastes were higher in the coal mines than those in the other mine wastes. Total concentrations of metals in the wastes were in the orders of Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Soil Pollution Assesment Guidance(SPAG) values were ranged from 0.08 to 9.14 based on labile fraction of metal concentrations. SPAG values of labile concentration were lower than those of total concentration.