• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

In recent years, the municipal wastes recognized resources. This study was performed to survey the changes of main components of the pretreated(chemical, physical) lignocellulosic biomass. The result can be summerized as follows; In pulp fiber composition, newsprint and corrugating container were mainly consist of softwood fiber(tracheid). But computer print out and magazine had a large amount of hardwood fiber(wood fiber). And, carbohydrate content in the various lignocellulosic biomass increases as the following orders : Magazine < Newsprint < Corrugating container < Computer print out. In the chemical pretreatments for the delignification, sodium hypochlorite pretreatment was more effective than sodium hydroxide. By washing, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was decreased. Physical pretreatments were less effective than chemical pretreatment for the delignification. On the other hand, in physical pretreatments, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was the same tendency as in the chemical pretreatments.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.710-716
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• 2013

대기 오염, 기후 변화 등 환경 문제와 자원 고갈로 인해 화석 연료를 대체할 에너지에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 폐바이오매스의 에너지화 분야에서도 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 폐목질계 바이오매스의 급속열분해는 바이오매스 에너지화 기술 중 하나로 액상 연료를 생산할 수 있다. 바이오매스의 급속열분해에는 주로 기포유동층 반응기가 쓰이고 있으며, 기포유동층 급속열분해 반응기에서는 반응물에 열을 효과적으로 전달하기 위하여 고체입자의 유동매체를 이용한다. 이러한 기포유동층 반응기에서 유동층 내 고체 입자의 움직임과 혼합은 기포의 거동에 영향을 받는다. 이로 인해 열전달 현상이 달라지고 결과적으로는 폐목질계 바이오매스의 급속열분해 반응 속도가 변한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기포유동층 반응기 내부의 수력학적 특성과 폐목질계 바이오매스 급속열분해 반응에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 반응기내의 기체-고체 유동에 대해 Eulerian-Granular 방법을 사용하여 반응기를 시뮬레이션 하였으며, two-stage semi-global reaction model로 폐바이오매스의 급속 열분해반응을 모사하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 유동층 내에서 기포들이 생성되고 상승하면서 크기가 증가한다. 이러한 기포의 거동에 의해 기포 주위의 고체 입자는 여러 방향으로 움직이게 된다. 고체 입자상의 활발한 움직임으로 바이오매스 입자가 유동층에 골고루 퍼져 일차 반응이 유동층 전반에서 일어난다. 그리고 일차 반응 중 타르가 생성되는 반응 속도가 가장 높게 나타난다. 그 결과 기체상 생성물 중 타르가 약 66 wt.%로 가장 많이 발생한다. 반면 이차 반응은 유동층에서보다 freeboard에서 더 많이 일어난다. 따라서 기포의 거동이나 입자의 움직임에 의한 영향은 일차 반응보다 상대적으로 적을 것으로 판단된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 미이용 바이오매스로부터 바이오차를 생산하고 메틸렌블루 흡착 특성을 평가하였다. 바이오매스는 주로 셀룰로오스, 헤미셀룰로오스, 리그닌으로 구성되어 있으며 회분의 함량은 벌채부산물에서 가장 높았다. 탄화 온도가 증가할수록 탄화 수율은 감소하였으며, 수소와 산소 함량도 감소하였다. 반면, 탄소 함량은 증가하였다. 탄화 온도가 증가할수록 바이오차의 비표면적과 미세기공은 증가하였다. 바이오차 비표면적은 탄화 온도 600 ℃에서 가장 높았다(216.15~301.80 m² /g). 600 ℃에서 탄화한 바이오차를 이용하여 메틸렌블루 흡착 실험을 수행한 결과, 참나무, 벌채부산물, 사과 전정가지의 흡착 거동은 Freundlich model, 복숭아 전정가지는 Langmuir model에 적합하였다. 흡착 동역학에서 참나무와 복숭아 전정가지는 pseudo-first-order model, 벌채부산물과 사과 전정가지는 pseudo-second-order model에 적합하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.71-73
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• 2008

Different biosolid fuel (wood pellet) properties between trunk and root of pine (Pinus densiflora) biomass were investigated. Trunk has more organic solvent extracts and Klason lignin content which has higher heating values than root biomass component. In root biomass, polysaccharides content was higher than trunk biomass. Based on Higher Heating Value (HHD) analysis and ash content, trunk biomass showed better solid fuel characteristics than root biomass. But pine root biomass had lower HHD than trunk biomass, its HHD values were higher than other hardwood or annual plant lignocellulosic biomass.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2023

The surge in the oil prices, increasing global population, climate change, and waste management problems are the major issues which have led to the development of biofuels from lignocellulosic wastes. Cellulosic or second generation (2G) bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass via pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Pretreatment of lignocellulose is of considerable interest due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, furniture waste sawdust was subjected to alkaline peroxide (H₂O₂) for the production of reducing sugars. Sawdust was pretreated at different concentrations from 1-3% H₂O₂ (v/v) loadings at a pH of 11.5 for a residence time of 15-240 min at 50, 75 and 90 ℃. Optimum pretreatment conditions, such as time of reaction, operating temperature, and concentration of H₂O₂, were varied and evaluated on the basis of the amount of total reducing sugars produced. It was found that the changes in the amount of lignin directly affected the yield of reducing sugars. A maximum of 50% reduction in the lignin composition was obtained, which yielded a maximum of 75.3% total reducing sugars yield and 3.76 g/L of glucose. At optimum pretreatment conditions of 2% H₂O₂ loading at 75 ℃ for 150 min, 3.46 g/L glucose concentration with a 69.26% total reducing sugars yield was obtained after 48 hr. of the hydrolysis process. Pretreatment resulted in lowering of crystallinity and distortion of the sawdust after the pretreatment, which was further confirmed by XRD and SEM results.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.702-711
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• 2016

The authors reviewed information about biorefining of biomass by using academic information databases. Feedstocks were classified into triglycerides biomass, sugar biomass, starchy biomass, lignocellulosic biomass, and organic waste biomass. Biorefinery is an integrated system converting biomass into biofuels and biochemicals by various physical, chemical, biological, and thermochemical technologies. This paper presented a comprehensive summaries of opportunities, recent trends and challenges of biorefinery. A brief overview of promising building blocks, their sources from biomass, and their derivatives were also provided. In conclusion, this paper demonstrated the feasibility of biorefinery producing biofuels and biochemicals from biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.651-665
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• 2020

Hydrolysis of biomass for the production of fermentable sugar can be improved by the addition of surfactants. In pulp and paper mills, lignin, which is a by-product of the pulping process, can be utilized as a fine chemical. In the hydrolysis process, lignin is one of the major inhibitors of the enzymatic breakdown cellulose into sugar monomer. Therefore, the conversion of lignin into a biosurfactant offers the opportunity to solve the waste problem and improve hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, lignin derivatives, a biosurfactant, was applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass. This Biosurfactant can be prepared by reacting lignin with a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol diglycidylethers (PEDGE). In this study, the effect of biosurfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), oil palm empty fruit bunch, and sugarcane trash with different lignin contents was investigated. The results show that lignin derivatives improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass with low lignin content, however, it has less influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis of other pretreated biomass with lignin content higher than 10% (w/w). The use of biosurfactant on SSB kraft pulp can increase the sugar yield from 45.57% to 81.49%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2012

Wood biomass including forest residues, waste wood, and construction residuals has been widely generated in Korea, but forest biomass from the National Forest Management Operation Project plays a big role in generating wood biomass. Unfortunately the promotion policy of woody energy organized by the Forest Service in Korea concentrates more on demand creation rather than on supply expansion. Therefore, in order to utilize insufficient wood resources effectively, it is greatly required to develop uses for maximizing their added value. In particular, more attention to the use of the second generation biomass has been paid in foreign countries because there is a threshold that the first generation biomass cannot produce enough biofuel without threatening food supplies and biodiversity. In Korea, wood pellets are regarded as the alternative clean fuels to oils and coals that emit green house gases into the atmosphere. However, using wood as pellet raw materials can not be an economic way because the value of wood disappears right after burning in the boiler in spite of its contribution to the decrease of carbon emission. Differently from wood pellets, kraft pulping process using woody biomass produces black liquor as a by-product which can be used to generate electricity, bioenergy and biochemicals through gasification. Thus, it can be more economical to make a torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass such as low-quality wood and agricultural leftovers as raw materials of pellets.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.448-452
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• 2016

새로운 수송용 에너지자원으로 각광받는 바이오매스의 효율적인 당화를 위한 전처리방법이 연구되고 있다. 최근 바이오매스의 에너지 전환 공정 중 전처리 비용이 높은 비중을 차지하고 있으며 이중 폐수처리가 커다란 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 따라서 폐수발생을 줄이고 재사용이 용이한 유기용매(Organosolv)를 이용한 전처리를 수행하였으며, 전처리 바이오매스의 잔류 고형물의 양과 제거된 성분의 양을 이용하여 바이오매스의 전처리 효과를 효소당화를 통해 알아보았다. 전처리에 사용한 유기용매로는 99.5 wt% 에탄올을 사용하였고, 초본계 바이오매스인 옥수수대(corn stover)를 이용하여 전처리 하였다. 전처리 효과는 $130{\sim}190^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 시간대별로 진행하여 전처리된 바이오매스의 효소당화를 통하여 확인하였다. 효소당화결과로 가장 높은 글루코오스 당화율을 보였던 전처리 온도는 $190^{\circ}C$에서 반응시간 70분 이상의 조건 이였으며, 이 때 68% 이상의 당화율을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 전처리 바이오매스의 잔류 고형물(Solid remaining)은 70% 이상이었고, 대부분의 셀룰로오스(Cellulose)와 헤미셀룰로오스(Hemicellulose)의 손실이 미비하여 대부분의 당 성분을 회수할 수 있다는 장점을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.80-84
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• 1991

Lignocellulosic biomass including acetosolv ricestraw and spruce lignin were liquefied and converted into liquid hydrocarbons by catalytic hydroliquefaction reaction. These experimental works were carried out in 1-liter-capacity autoclave using 50% tetralin and m-cresol solution respectively as soluble solvent and Ni. Pd. Fe and red mud as catalyst. $H_2$ gas was supplied into the reactor for escaltion of deoxhydroenolysis reaction. Catalyst concentrations were 1 % of raw material based on weight. The ratio between raw materials and soluble solvent are 1g and 10cc. The reaction conditions are 400-$700^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, 10-50 atms of reaction pressure. The highest yield of hydrocarbon, so called "product oil" showed 32% and 5.5% of lowest char formation when red mud was used as catalyst. The product oil yields from those of other catalysts were in the range of 20-29%. The influence of different initial hydrogen pressures was examined in the range d 30-50 atms. A minimum pressure of 35 atms was necessary to obtain a complete recovery of souble solvent for recycling.