• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2000

For a characterization of the pretreated waste automotive catalyst the following analysis techniques were applied : EA(Elemental Analysis) BET(Brunaure-Emmett-Teller) and ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). The combustion activity of waste automotive catalyst was investigated for methanol acetaldehyde and toluene as model VOCs in a fixed bed reactor. carbon deposit amount was decreased with increasing catalyst showed a good catalytic activity for VOCs combustion at 40$0^{\circ}C$. Catalytic activity for methanol acetaldehyde and toluence combustion was very excellent and decreased with mileage. The catalytic activity of a waste automotive catalyst for methanol combustion increased after acid treatment. The acid effect of catalytic activity was summarized as follows: HNO3>HCI>H2SO4>CH3COOH. The waste automotive catalyst regenerated by the pretreatment method might have a excellent catalytic activity for VOCs combustion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.819-825
• /
• 2000

The physico-chemical characteristics and the combustion activities of a waste automotive catalyst were carried out in this study. The physico-chemical characteristics of waste automotive catalyst was examined by EA(Elemental analysis), ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer), and XRD(X-ray diffraction) analysis. Carbon deposit amount was higher in front brick than rear brick of catalyst, and increased with mileage. The content of Pt. Pd and Rh in waste automotive catalyst was different from the car manufacturing company. The combustion activities of waste automotive catalyst were investigated for acetaldehyde as a model VOC in a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity of rear brick for acetaldehyde combustion was better than front brick of waste automotive catalyst. The catalytic activity of waste automotive catalyst for acetaldehyde combustion decreased with mileage. The linear relationship between catalytic activity and mileage was negative and has a very excellent correlation. Finally, the waste automotive catalyst has a good catalytic activity for acetaldehyde combustion. and can be used to control of small emission source.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.4723-4728
• /
• 2014

In this study, a thermoelectric module (TEM) and a diesel engine were modeled using 1-D commercial software AMESim, and the performance of the TEM was evaluated when the engine was operated under the NEDC driving cycle. The goal of TEM modeling was to investigate not only the waste heat recovery (WHR) rate and energy converting efficiency, but also the heat transfer rate by taking the materials characteristics into account. In addition, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) was designed, and it was found that the waste heat recovery with TEM affects the activation of DOC and alters engine exhaust composition. The simulation indicated that the WHR using TEM is beneficial for decreasing the fuel consumption of vehicles, but the reduction in the exhaust temperature affects the activation of DOC, resulting in an approximately 14% increase in CO and HC emissions. Therefore, the effect of waste heat recovery on the automotive emission characteristics must be considered in the development of automotive engine WHR systems.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.32-43
• /
• 2023

The worldwide use of polyurethane foam products generates large amounts of waste, which in turn has detrimental effects on the surroundings. Hence, finding an economical and environmentally friendly way to dispose of or recycle foam waste is an utmost priority for researchers to overcome this problem. In that sense, the glycolysis of waste flexible polyurethane foam (WFPF) from automotive seat cushions using different industrial-grade glycols and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst to produce recovered polyol was investigated. The effect of different molecular weight polyols, catalyst concentration, and material ratio (PU foam: Glycols) on the reaction conversion and viscosity of the recovered polyols was determined. The obtained recovered polyols are obtained as single or split-phase reaction products. Besides, the foaming characteristics and physical properties such as cell morphology, thermal stability, and compressive stress-strain nature of the regenerated flexible foams based on the recovered polyols were discussed. It was observed that the regenerated flexible foams displayed good seating comfort properties as a function of hardness, sag factor, and hysteresis loss compared to the reference virgin foam. With the growing demand for a sustainable and circular economy, a global valorization of glycolysis products from polyurethane scraps can be realized by transforming them into profitable substances.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.231-232
• /
• 2000

자동차 보급의 증가에 의한 심각한 대기오염으로 인하여 국내 제작차(휘발유 자동차)의 경우 1987년부터 자동차 배기가스 정화용 촉매 전환기의 장착을 의무화하였다(환경부, 1998). 자동차용 촉매로 많이 사용되는 귀금속은 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 로듐(Rh)이며, 수요비율은 백금이 전체 수요의 39%, 팔라듐이 16%, 로듐이 96%로 자동차용으로 많은 귀금속이 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.241-242
• /
• 2000

환경부 고시 제2000-71호에 의하면 휘발성 유기화합물질의 규제제품 및 물질 종류는 methanol, acetaldehyde 및 toluene 등을 포함하여 37종으로 고시하고 있다(환경부, 2000). 미국의 경우 1997년 VOCs 발생원에 대한 배출량 산정을 보면 총 19,216 ton/yr의 VOCs가 배출되고 있으며, 이 중 7,660ton/yr인 39.86%가 자동차에서, 용매 이용시설에서 33.74%, VOCs 저장 및 운송에서 7.17% 및 석유관련 산업에서 2.80% 등의 순서로 배출되는 것으로 보고되고 있다(Noel do Hovers, 2000). (중략)

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.8-18
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a three-dimensional, transient cold-start polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) model to numerically evaluate the effects of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design and cell location in a PEFC stack on PEFC cold start behaviors. The cold-start simulations show that the end cell experiences significant heat loss to the sub-freezing ambient and thus finally cold-start failure due to considerable ice filling in the cathode catalyst layer. On the other hand, the middle cells in the stack successfully start from $-30^{\circ}C$ sub-freezing temperature due to rapid cell temperature rise owing to the efficient use of waste heat generated during the cold-start. In addition, the simulation results clearly indicate that the cathode catalyst layer (CL) composition and thickness have an substantial influence on PEFC cold-start behaviors while membrane thickness has limited effect mainly due to inefficient water absorption and transport capability at subzero temperatures.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2018

Effective extraction of platinum group elements by dissolving waste platinum scrap from the display industry and solvent extraction, was studied. The extracted platinum solution was prepared as a precursor solution for diesel automotive exhaust gas purification catalyst and its catalytic activity was tested. The behavior of aqueous species of platinum was investigated through solution chemistry and based on the existence and behavior of these chemical species, the possibility of extraction and separation was established. By dissolving waste scrap by electrochemical method, the dissolution time of scrap was shortened and the extraction efficiency was increased. Through separation and removal of rhodium component, solvent extraction by TBP, and stripping by hydrochloric acid, Pt-Chloride-$H_2O$ solution was prepared. And then, an platinum amine complex solution through amination reaction with this solution as a raw material was prepared. The possibility of producing high-value platinum compounds from platinum group waste scrap was investigated by preparing platinum amine complex solution and then examining the catalytic activity with this amine precursor on the combustion reaction of carbon black.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2012

As a kind of distributed energy system, the co-generation system based Diesel engine using after-treatment device was devised for its environmental friendly and economic qualities. It is utilized in that the electric power is produced by the generator connected to the Diesel engine, and waste heat is recovered from both the exhaust gases and the engine itself by the finned tube and shell & tube heat exchangers. An after-treatment device composed ceramic heater and DOC(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) is installed at the engine outlet in order to completely reignite the unburned fuel from the Diesel engine. In this study, mutual relation of each experimental condition was derived through minimum number of experiment using Taguchi Design and ANOVA recently used in the various fields. It is found that the total efficiency (thermal efficiency plus electric power generation efficiency) of this system reaches maximum 94.4% which is approximately higher than that of the typical diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2001

Resource recovery and recycling of materials and products, including polyurethanes is viewed as a necessity in today's society. Most urethane polymers are made from a polyol and a diisocyanate. these and be chemicals such as water, diamines or diols that react with isocyanate groups and add to the polymer backbone. The problems of recycling polyurethane wastes has major technological, economic and ecological significance because polyurethane itself is relatively expensive and its disposal whether by burning is also costly. In general, the recycling methods for polyurethane could be classified as mechanical, chemical and feedstock. In the chemical recycling method, there are hydrolysis, glycolysis, pyrolysis and aminolysis. This study, the work was carried out glycolysis using sonication ant catalyzed reaction. Different kinds of recycled polyols were produced by current method(glycolysis), catalyzed reaction and sonication as decomposers and the chemical properties were analyzed. The reaction results in the formation of polyester urethane diols, the OH value which is determined by the quantity of diol used for the glycolysis conditions. The glycolysis rates by sonication for the various glycols, increased as fallows: PPG