• 복식
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• 제65권7호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2015

This paper studies the conservation treatment of Lady Shim's costume, which was excavated in Jecheon Province in 2012. There were the significant problems, which were encountered in the treatment of the costume ; First the Jeogoris were transformed during the excavation, Second fibers were seriously deteriorated, Third most of the fabrics such as Chusa were readily deformed. To overcome these problems and to secure stability in the conservation treatment, we decided to alternate between two different washing methods ; dry cleaning by n-hexane and wet cleaning by water. The costume shape was recovered by steaming and by swelling with Hanji(Korean traditional paper). The combined cleaning method proved to be relatively efficient and stable. In addition, the shape of Chusa was well preserved by dry cleaning.(using n-hexane also solved the problem of bad smell after washing with organic solvents.) The effects of the conservation treatment on the excavated costumes could be seen in the change of Lab color difference. Washing made the distribution of Lab color difference narrower, which may suggest that the impurities on the fiber was removed by washing. In addition, the value of L was greater than a-value and b-value after the treatment. This result indicates that the change of value represents the change of color difference by cleaning.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of safflower yellow colorant as a natural dye for hair coloring. The dyeing properties of safflower yellow colorant on hair were explored to obtain optimum conditions. Also, the effect of mordant was studied in terms of dye uptake, colorfastness, and hair damage to better understand the characteristics of the colorant. Tensile strength measurement and SEM analysis were carried out for investigating hair damage to light exposure and washing. On the basis of obtained results considering possible hair damage, optimum dyeing conditions were set 100%(o.w.h.) colorant concentration, pH 5, $40^{\circ}C$, and 20min. Dye uptake was improved more effectively by repeated dyeing rather than by increasing concentration. Pre-mordanting method improved dye uptake slightly, irrespective of mordant type. The safflower yellow colorant produced Y colors on hair. Cu and Fe mordants improved washing and light fastness slightly. Better strength retention was obtained with the mordanted-dyed hair than the unmordanted-dyed hair after light irradiation for 40 hours and 10 repeated washing. The hair was more damaged by light exposure than by washing. It was concluded that the safflower yellow colorant can be used as a natural semi-permanent hair dye producing Y color without mordanting.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 1963

1. Creosote in treated wood that exposed in open areas of outdoor is gradually lost by elapse of some period of time. This is the interst and important problem relating to decide the effect on the life extension of creosoted wood. As a general preservative losses occurring in wood treated by oil born preservative such as creosote oil are taken place boy the evaporating and washing activities of the exposed surfaces of wood due to the climatic conditions. Accordingly author intend to inspect differences in retention among species showing after creosoted blocks had been treated by evaporating and washing alternately for a definite time in the laboratory. 2. In this study rail road tie woods of Quercus aliena Blume, Fagus crenata Blume and Fraxinus mandchurica Ruprecht which entered into area for treatment at the plant, locating in Suwon, Korea, were selected to the test species. $2{\times}2{\times}2$ centimeter forty small wood blocks for each species were cut, treated by the mixed solution of equal 50% creosote and heavy oil (hot and cold method), and inspected absorption percents. After evaporation and washing treatments alternately to the intervals of definite time had been accomplished, the losses of creosote were inspected. 3. According to the results Quercus Fagus and Fraxinus are showing the values of 37.9, 87.3 and 59.3% in absorption, and these values were reduced into 28.7, 63.8 and 44.4% respectively by evaporating and washing treatments for a definite time. These indicate that losses of ease absorbing species are greater than difficult one and on the contrary difficult are lesser. However above reduced values are calculated to the 24.3, 26.9 and 25.1% when the absorption percents of each species were assumed as 100% retention respectively. Therefore actual differences of losses among species are lesser than those of absorption percents.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed in order to investigate hand hygiene practices among food-service businesses employees based on the awareness of hand-washing and load of indicator bacteria on their hands. It focused on the comparison of full-time and part-time workers in food-service workplaces. Methods: A direct-interview questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out with sixty workers each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through a modified glove-juice method from the hands of the food-service workers and were analyzed for aerobic plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological analysis was done according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Significant differences (p<0.01) were found in the survey between the full-time and part-time workers in hand-washing frequency, use of hand-washing agents, and hand-drying methods. More full-time workers responded to washing their hands after preparing food, after visiting outside, after handling raw materials, and before putting on gloves/when changing gloves than did part-time workers (p<0.05). No remarkable difference was found in bacterial load on the hands except in the aerobic plate count between the two groups. The detection of E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some food-service workers in both groups revealed poor hand hygiene practices. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there is a need for training programs in order to improve hand hygiene practices and strict hand hygiene compliance by food-service workers.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the better washing condition, especially on detergent contents to satisfy the consumer's concern on fabric hand using Drum Type Washer. The hand and preference of washed fabrics by various detergent contents were analyzed through subjective evaluation using questionnaire method in dry and wet state. Wine rank's semantic differential scale questions were developed with 27 kinds of adjective pairs and seven rank's scale questions were to evaluate preference of washed fabrics oil holistic touch, washing and rinsing effect and purchase intention of detergent. Group of trained panelists and untrained women panelists of $30{\sim}40$ years old were participated. The factors affecting consumer's taste for the washed fabrics were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. Smoothness showed relatively higher correlation with preference of washed fabrics on holistic touch, washing and rinsing effect and purchase intention of detergent. There were significant differences in preference of washed fabrics on holistic touch, washing and rinsing effect and purchase intention of detergent by detergent contents when tested in wet state. Fabrics washed with detergents of non-zeolite were appeared to be the preferred ones.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.516-522
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• 2023

The co-precipitation process plays a key role in the decontamination of radionuclides from low and intermediate levels of liquid waste. For that reason, the removal of Cs ions from waste solution by the co-precipitation method was carried out. A simulated liquid waste (¹³³Cs) was prepared from a 0.1 M CsCl solution, while wastewater generated by washing steel ash served as a representative of radioactive cesium solution (¹³⁷Cs). By co-precipitation, potassium ferrocyanide was applied for the adsorption of Cs ions, while nickel nitrate and iron sulfate were selected for supporting the precipitation. The amount of residual Cs ions in the CsCl solution after precipitation and filtration was determined by ICP-OES, while the radioactivity of ¹³⁷Cs was measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer. After cesium removal, the amount of cesium appearing in both XRD and SEM-EDS was analyzed. The removal efficiency of ¹³³Cs was 60.21% and 51.86% for nickel nitrate and iron sulfate, respectively. For the ash-washing solution, the removal efficiency of ¹³⁷Cs was revealed to be more than 99.91% by both chemical agents. This implied that the co-precipitation process is an excellent strategy for the effective removal of radioactive cesium in waste solution treatment.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.628-633
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• 2012

위생적인 배추 생산을 위해 전기분해수를 이용하여 미생물 저해효과와 잔류농약 제거효과에 대해 연구하였다. 대조구는 TW로 세척하였으며, 상업적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 NaOCl 용액으로 세척하여 비교하였다. 배추의 초기 총균수와 대장균군수는 각각 6.64, 3.56 log cfu/g 수준이었으며 침지 시간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 10분 경과 후, TW 처리구는 5.97 log cfu/g 수준이었으며 LAlEW와 SAcEW 처리구는 1.63-4.67 log cfu/g 수준으로 감소하였다. 특히 SAcEW-100처리구는 1.63 log cfu/g 수준으로 초기에 비해 5 log scale 이상 감소하여 가장 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 대장균군수는 초기에 3.56 log cfu/g 수준에서 10분 경과 후, TW와 NaOCl-50 처리구를 제외하고 검출되지 않았다. 잔류농약의 경우, 초기 chlorpyrifos, prothiofos 및 deltamethrin 함량은 각각 1.13, 1.91 및 0.67 ppm이었다. 세척 후, TW 처리는 32.28-38.46% 감소하였으며 NaOCl 처리구의 감소율은 36.93-50.13%으로 TW의 1.5배 수준 감소하였다. LAlEW-100 처리구와 SAcEW-100 처리구의 감소율은 63.79-78.30% 감소하여 TW와 NaOCl 처리구에 비해 효과적이었다. 비타민 C함량은 세척수에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결과적으로 전기분해수는 품질에 영향을 주지 않으면서 미생물 제어와 잔류농약 제거에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2015

분변이 오염된 기저귀의 플라스틱과 펄프를 재활용하기 위해서 기저귀에서 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프의 세척, 기저귀의 직접 가열 살균 후 세척, 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프의 세척 후 가열 살균의 3가지 방법으로 플라스틱, 펄프 중의 대장균군과 일반세균의 저감화를 시도하였다. 기저귀를 10% $CaCl_2$과 4% 해수염 용액에 반응시킨 뒤 1,000 ml의 희석액을 투입한 후 체에 걸러 플라스틱과 펄프 시료를 분리하였다. 분리된 플라스틱, 펄프의 미생물의 저감화에는 3회 세척이 가장 적당하였으며 3회 세척 시 플라스틱과 펄프에 잔존하는 대장균군은 92.8%과 99.8%가 감소하였고 일반세균은 97.3%과 98.5%가 감소하였다. 사용된 기저귀에서 플라스틱과 펄프를 분리하지 않고 직접 기저귀를 살균한 후 플라스틱과 펄프를 분리하여 잔존 미생물수를 측정한 결과, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 살균한 후 3회 세척 및 분리 과정을 거쳐 회수한 플라스틱과 펄프에서는 12시간 가열 후에도 $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$에서 각각 2-3 log CFU/g, 1-2 log CFU/g으로 일반세균이 검출되어 완전 사멸이 되지 않았다. 한편 분변 오염된 기저귀로부터 얻어진 플라스틱과 펄프를 3회 세척한 후 가열하는 경우 $80^{\circ}C$에서 4시간으로 완전 살균이 되었으며, 이 방법이 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프 중의 미생물의 저감화에 가장 적합한 방법으로 확인되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1417-1426
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• 2009

Various types of damper are usually applied to reduce noise and vibration for mechanical systems. Especially, for washing machines, the free-friction stroke damper is installed. The behavior of the free-friction stroke damper has nonlinear characteristics such as hysteresis and viscoelastic properties because of its foam material. First of all, the dynamic experiments were carried out by using a MTS machine to find characteristics of the free-friction stroke damper. And the simulation model of the free-friction stroke damper and characteristics of a foam material were evaluated by using optimization technique. To make a good simulation model which can show the dynamic characteristics, it is important to understand the working mechanism of the damper. The Finite Element Method (FEM) technique can help us instinctively understand the damping phenomenon under operating conditions, because we can observe the condition of damper at every step in the simulation by using it. Also, by changing factors, we can comprehend the variation of characteristics of damper. So, in this paper, a study on the dynamic characteristics of free-friction stroke damper by FEM is focused on. Finally, the possibility which physical experiments can be replaced into simulations is shown.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

냉통고기풀 또는 수산연제품 등의 수산가공품 제조시 수세공정에 의해 폐액 중으로 많은 수용성 단백질과 지질성분이 유출되고 있는데, 이로 인하여 폐수의 BOD 및 COD값이 상승되어 해양의 오염과 연안의 적조현상을 일으키는 원인이 되고 있다. 따 라서, 본 연구에서는 해양오염 방지 빛 미이용 자원 의 개발이라는 두 측면에서 수세폐액 중에 함유되어 있는 수용성 단백질을 등전점 pH이동침전법에 의해 최적으로 회수하는 조건을 규명하였고, 아울러 그 회수단백질의 이용가능성 타진을 위해 기초척인 성 분 분석도 행하였다. $\circled1$ 수세폐액 중의 수용성 단백질을 회수하기 위한 방법으로서 여러 가지 등전점 응집법 중 산이통법이 효율적이었다. 즉 수세폐액을 먼저 pH 2.5~3.0으 로 낮춘 후 pH 6.5~7.5로 재조절하여 원심분리한 것이 높은 단백질 회수율을 나타내였다. 한편, 폐액 내 잔존지방은 산이통 처리후 대부분 부유하여서 그 상충수를 따라 부어내어 유분리기로 쉽게 수거가능 하므로 본 처리 장치로써 잔존단백질과 지방을 동시 회수할 수가 있다. $\circled2$ 최척처리조건에서 회수한 단백질구분의 수분과 단백 질 함량은 80.6 및 14.4 % 였다. 한편, 회수단백 질구분의 VBN함량은 9.6mgj100g로서 선도가 양 호하였으며, 구성아미노산 중 lysine 등 필수아미노 산이 여전히 많은 비율로 존재해 있어 영향학적으로 도 손색이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 냉통고기풀이나 어묵 의 제조공정 중에 나오는 수세폐액으로부터 수용성 단백질 벚 유지를 통전점침전법의 한 변형인 산이통 법으로 간단히 재회수할 수 있음을 얄 수 있었다. 그래서 이들 성분의 재회수로 수산가공공장폐액에 의 한 하천의 오염을 근본적으로 막을 수 있음은 물론 이고 수산가콩폐기물의 완전 식량화의 가능성도 찾 아볼 수 있게 되었다고 판단되어진다.