• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.533-539
• /
• 2020

A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was applied to estimate biokinetic coefficients of Clostridium cadaveris and Clostridium sporogenes, which utilize protein as carbon source. Experimental data on changes in peptone concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of C. cadaveris and C. sporogenes were fitted to model. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta approximation with non-linear least squares analysis was employed to solve the ordinary differential equations to estimate biokinetic coefficients. The maximum specific growth rate (μ_max), half-saturation concentration (K_s), growth yield (Y), and decay coefficient (K_d) of C. cadaveris and C.sporogenes were 0.73 ± 0.05 and 1.35 ± 0.32 h^-1, 6.07 ± 1.52 and 5.67 ± 1.53 g/l, 2.25 ± 0.75 × 10¹⁰ and 7.92 ± 3.71 × 10⁹ copies/g, 0.002 ± 0.003 and 0.002 ± 0.001 h^-1, respectively. The theoretical specific growth rate of C. sporogenes always exceeded that of C. cadaveris at peptone concentration higher than 3.62 g/l. When the influent peptone concentration was 5.0 g/l, the concentration of C.cadaveris gradually decreased to the steady value of 2.9 × 10¹⁰ copies/ml at 4 h Hydraulic retention time (HRT), which indicates a 67.1% reduction of the initial population, but the wash out occurred at HRTs of 1.9 and 3.2 h. The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of C. sporogenes gradually decreased to steady values ranging from 1.1 × 10¹⁰ to 2.9 × 10¹⁰ copies/ml. C. sporogenes species was predicted to wash out at an HRT of 1.6 h.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2016

Objectives : This study was done to show the clinical effect of miniscalpel acupuncture treatment on osteoarthritis of the knee which is refractory to acupuncture treatment. Methods : A patient was treated with acupuncture for three weeks, non-treated(wash out period) for two weeks, and treated with miniscalpel acupuncture for three weeks. The effect of treatments were measured with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Range of Motion(ROM), Short form McGill pain questionnaire(SF-MPQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC). Results : During the three weeks of acupuncture treatment, VAS, SF-MPQ and WOMAC improved, but after two weeks of the wash out period each score worsened. During the three weeks of miniscalpel acupuncture VAS, SF-MPQ, and WOMAC improved while ROM improved remarkably. Conclusion : These results suggest that miniscalpel acupuncture might be a therapeutic option for knee degenerative osteoarthritis patients who does not responded to acupuncture treatment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 1989

Cell density was gradually decreased as the dilution rate was increased under chemostat cultivation of HeLa cells. Maxium cell density was maintained at the dilution rate of 0.020 (1/h) which was far less than the wash-out rate of 0.050 (1/h), Maxium cell productivity of 2 (mL of cells/L/h)was obtained at the dilution rate of 0.030 (1/h) by showing the culture also required maintenance period at low dilution rates, whose result meant the deviation of continuous culture theroy. Methods of indirectly measuring cell density have been introduced to represent mammalian cell growth, which are packed cell volume and oxygen uptake rate, and these values showed good linear relationship with actual cell density by having correlation factor of 0.90. Theoretical maximum oxygen yield, $Y_{O2}^{max}$ and maintenance oxygen consumption rate, m$_{O2}$, were estimated as 4.1$\times$10$^5$ (cells/mmole $O_2$) and 10.71$\times$10$^{-9}$ (mmole $O_2$/cells/h) by employing oxygen yield model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.12
• /
• pp.1783-1789
• /
• 2010

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 10 week onion extract supplementation on blood lipid profiles in borderline hypercholesterolemic participants. The study consisted of 10 males and 17 females aged $45.9{\pm}10.0$ years. At baseline, serum total cholesterol level was $228.6{\pm}4.1$ mg/dL (201~239 mg/dL). This study was designed as randomized single blind placebo controlled cross-over study. After 1 week wash-out period, subjects were randomized into two groups; they took onion extract (150 mL/1 pack, containing 30 mg quercetin) or placebo for 10 weeks. After 1 week wash-out period again, subjects took exchanged samples for another 10 weeks. The total-cholesterol ($226.7{\pm}4.6{\rightarrow}206.8{\pm}3.6$ mg/dL; p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol ($151.6{\pm}5.0{\rightarrow}127.1{\pm}4.1$ mg/dL; p<0.01) and atherogenic index (AI: $4.0{\pm}0.3{\rightarrow}3.4{\pm}0.2$; p<0.05) decreased significantly after 10 weeks of onion extracts supplementation, while there were no significant changes during placebo periods. The levels of HDL-cholesterol (onion extract: $46.5{\pm}2.0{\rightarrow}50.2{\pm}2.1$ mg/dL, placebo: $47.8{\pm}2.1{\rightarrow}50.1{\pm}2.4$ mg/dL), GOT (onion extract: $36.8{\pm}1.8{\rightarrow}32.3{\pm}1.8$ IU/L, placebo: $35.1{\pm}2.1{\rightarrow}32.8{\pm}2.0$ IU/L), and GPT (onion extract: $36.5{\pm}3.2{\rightarrow}32.9{\pm}1.8$ IU/L, placebo: $36.6{\pm}3.8{\rightarrow}33.8{\pm}2.8$ IU/L) showed no significant changes in both periods. These results indicate that the consumption of onion concentrated extracts exerts beneficial effects on dyslipidemia through the decrease of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in borderline hypercholestrolemic subjects. In conclusion, onion was useful as dietary therapy for hypercholestrolemia and adequate onion intake may help to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2003

Dyeings of the most widely used to the synthetic fibers, namely polyamide and polyester, have been carried out using acid dyes and disperse dyes. The above mentioned dye types, and indeed all dyes onto substrates, rely on the reaction properties between the substrates and dye molecules. In terms of fastness properties, however, especially to washings, the satisfactory levels are not present in the results from acid and disperse dyeings. Thus, vat dyeings leaves a feasibility and are an alternative way to overcome the problem. Although attempts and works have been reported in early years, with little if any commercial achievement and success. In this context, to meet increased demands towards a high level of wash fastness from consumers and retailers, an attempt using vat dyes has been carried out in this work.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2007

Newly constructed road is a requisite to be able to carry out BMPs (Best Management Practices) under TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) program of the Ministry of Environment. BMPs require pollutant source control during road construction and wash off reduction plan as well as maintenance practices subsequent to construction on the purpose of discharging the minimum wash off non-point source pollutants. The objective of this study is to provide supportive discharged data in evaluating the discharged non-point pollutant load from a highway toll gate area. It can be applied to manage non-point source pollutants on roads. The results validate the first flush phenomenon that it is known to be one of the wash off characteristics in paved area. In addition, the load per unit area and load per unit rainfall duration applying EMC are calculated. The mean load per unit rainfall duration is assessed to be $533.7mg/m^2-hr$ for TSS, $396.2mg/m^2-hr$ for COD, $17.0mg/m^2-hr$ for TN, and $4.8mg/m^2-hr$ for TP. These results show the unitload taken from monitoring are higher than the unit load suggested in the TMDL. It is important to adopt real pollutant unit for road to be able to perform BMP successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.227-240
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the hygiene status of 145 child-care foodservices, which were newly registered in the Center for the Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) in Changwon, Gyeongnam. Sanitary inspection checklist (40 food safety items) of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) was used by the CCFSM in Changwon, Gyeongnam. Average score from the total safety items in 145 child-care foodservices was 21.41 points out of 40 points. Score gaps between the lower group (71 foodservices, 13.92 points) and higher group (74 foodservices, 28.61 points) showed a significant difference (P<0.001). The top five priorities of sanitary measures needing corrective actions for child-care foodservices were as follows: 'provide hand washing and sanitizing tools, and supply manuals on how to wash hands properly', 'supply record form for access/inspection', 'conduct education for cooks on standards in the selection of sanitizer for raw vegetables and proper methods to wash and sanitize raw vegetables', 'provide a refrigerator and a freezer with installed thermometers and temperature record monitoring logs', 'encourage separation of contamination operating zone and clean zone or conduct training for cooks on ways to prevent cross-contamination by performing work separately by the hour'. For the higher group, most were national/public facilities (83.3%), whereas in the lower group, private facilities (62.1%) were more common than national/public ones (37.9%). Therefore, a significant difference (P<0.001) was detected in the two groups. These private facilities should be supported.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2014

It comtained various kinds of heavy metal in beneficiatian tailing and in order to eliminate the heavy metals, various technologies have been researched, But there are a limits because many problems and restrictions are accompanied. Therefore, in this study, in order to solve this problem, It was performed gravity separation using melti-gravity seperator (MGS) to remove As contained in tailing, which can sort out even the fine particle. It was attempted a study to remove As, which is a kind of heavy metals, by MGS gravity separation and verified the impact by slope, wash water, pulp density, rotational speed and feed rate. In the results of performing gravity concentration under the condition with the MGS slope of $3^{\circ}$, wash water of 5 l/mm, pulp density of 30%, rotational speed of 208 rpm, and the feed rate of 265.24 g/mm, the As removal rate of 88.21% and yield of 92.25% were obtained.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2018

This descriptive research aimed to get the effects of handwashing awareness and practices among 294 students in J middle school, using revised tool developed by Korean CDC(2005). As a result of analyzing data using SPSS/Win 23.0, 42.9% of the subjects experienced common cold within the last 6 months, the scores of handwashing awareness was 3.47 out of 4, and the scores of handwashing practices at home and school was 3.36 and 3.35 each. 39.1% wash hands for 4~6times a day, average handwashing time was 11~15 seconds and 47.0% of the subjects who did not wash their hands due to not having a habit of handwashing. The explanation rate of handwashing awareness on practice was 23.2%, handwashing awareness had a significant effect on practices(p=.001). This study suggests the necessity of strengthening handwashing practices by educating handwashing awareness in order to prevent infectious diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2015

10 years ago, in Sijeon-ri, Dogo-myeon, Asan-si, the existing stream was repaired to develope Mt. Dogo trail and irrigation systems through road expansion pavement construction and small stream repair construction. The trees such as persimmon and willow are eliminated that rowed on both sides of the stream and dredging work to dig the rock and sand have been performed. As a result, wide asphalt road was built, also flood damage worries were reduced. 10 years passed and now, how did local residents think about the stream repaired before and after? Village residents, public officials, and the stream construction engineer were interviewed. Villagers indicated a problems that brook became a place where water peppers were taking over and water was stagnating due to the slow velocity so nothing could live and natural landscape like a wash place and the cascade disappeared, because rock and sand were taken out brought soil into the brook. Public officials and engineers were aware of the problems at the time of the stream. Now that construction is completed after 10 years, Both realistically and budgetary to restoration would be difficult. However, it is necessary to seek for waterfront space which can be restored or replaced by a part of the stream like similarly before. In addition, it is necessary to restore to the progression of a natural stream which connect with stairs(or slope) - small waterfalls - pools - wash place. In this paper, we hope to take a lesson from the Sijeon-ri model and make rural stream construction be prepared with consideration about not only distinct characteristics of specific area but also the opinion of local resident.