• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.322-332
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• 2010

In this study, the effectiveness of the warning signs was investigated. n order to survey, adult men and women surveyed 131 peoples. Findings are as follows. Warning level, warning statements, warning size, warning location, warning color is influenced consumers' perception level. However, the location of warning labels, the number of alerts, warnings, symbol type, fonts had no impact on the level of perception. In addition, Awareness have a positive impact on repurchase intention and recommend intention.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.106-112
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• 2010

Accidents at level crossing have large portion on train accidents, and causes economical loss by train delay and operational interruption. Various safety equipments are employed to reduce the accident at level crossing, but existing warning device, and crossing barrier are simple train-oriented protection equipments. In this paper, intelligent railway level crossing system is proposed to prevent and reduce accidents. For train driver's prompt action, image of level crossing and obstacle warning message are continuously provided to train driver through wireless communication in level crossing control zone. Obstacle warning messages, which are extracted by computer vision processing of captured image at level crossing, are recognized by train driver through message color, flickering and warning sound. It helps train driver to decide how to take an action. Meanwhile, for vehicle driver's attention, location and speed of approaching train are given to roadside equipments. We identified the effect of proposed system through test installation at Sea train and Airport level crossing of Yeong-dong line.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1998

Purpose : To assess knowledge levels of cancer warning signs, a descriptive study wad conducted in Chungju rural area. Materials and Methods : We conducted a population-based study of men women who were 30 years of age or older, living in a three myens of Chungju rural area. Of 8,026 residents in 3 Myens, 1,148 adults(30 years of age or older) were completed structured questionnaire survey from July 21, 1997 to July 26, 1997. 7 cancer warning signs were used to assess knowledge level of cancer warning signs. Results : Participants in this study were poorly informed about the cancer warning signs, and the 24.9% of participants and divided by two groups. The high level group was 19.3%, and the low 80.7%. In this initial univariate analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs: age, sex, education, living with parter, annual income, smoking status, hepatitis vaccination, perceived possibility of cancer, previous cancer-screening examinations. In multivariate logistic analysis, we found three variables, sex, education level, previous pap-smear test, are significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs. The knowledge level was higher among women, people with higher education, and those who had previous pap-smear examination. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that cancer warning signs are not common knowledge among the rural public. It also indicates the need for cancer education to improve knowledge in the rural public and the develop education programmes targeted especially at the old, men, and those who had not cancer screening examination should be considered to plan.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.214-217
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed an automatic threshold control method for radar warning receiver. Considering the noise level of the environment, this technique can effectively adjust sensitivity level of radar warning receiver and can offer more accurate radar information for aircraft pilot in noisy circumstances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2008

Automated rainfall warning system is a facility to prevent casualties who were recreating in the down stream region with operating lead broadcasting or signaling warning automatically when torrential rainfall occurs in mountainous area. But standard of conventional warning does not consider the characteristics of basin, and warning signal. Evacuation signal 1 and evacuation signal 2 are uniformly signaled when the 10minute moving total of observed rainfall is higher than 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm respectively. therefore, local governments and relative agencies had re-established the standard of warning by analyzing the risk water level, critical discharge and reference rainfall, which are considering the characteristics of basin. In this study the standard of conventional and re-established warning of weolseong basin, which is available to acquire a real rainfall. There are analyzed by considering the risk water level, critcal discharge and reference rainfall. Also this study compares rainfall of conventional and re-established warning standard and indentifies problems by analyzing adequacy of rainfall estimation for warning and proposes alternative. The standard of conventional warning which investigates with the converted rainfall(unit of a minute) issued too many alarm. The re-established standard upward has the necessity which will be regulated about the alarm announcement number of times. Considers the safety, upward regulation of alarm standard rainfall is a necessity which will be prudent.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2008

During maintenance or construction works in or at the tracks of railways, high risks for passengers and railway staff, especially for the workers on the construction site exist. The high risks result out of the movement of rail vehicles, like trains or construction vehicles, which must be faced by using any available technical and operational technologies for securing them against the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of protection continuously and to identify new and innovative methods and technologies for the protection of the gang (construction worker, machines and material). Especially on construction sites at line sections with two or more parallel tracks but also with single tracks, there are still a lot of incidents and accidents mostly with seriously injured persons or fatalities. These were mainly gang members that breach the railway-loading gage. By using proper warning or protection systems, the avoidance of such accidents must be achieved. The latest developments. in gang protection systems concern on the one hand fixed barriers in the middle between the construction site and the operated track and on the other hand construction vehicles equipped with automatic warning systems. The disadvantage of such protection methods is that the gang can be warned against an approaching train but a monitoring of the gang members cannot be performed. Only one part of a potential dangerous situation will be detected. If the gang members will overhear the acoustic warning signal of the security staff and the workers will not leave the danger zone in the track, the driver of the approaching train had no chance to react to the dangerous situation. An accident is often inevitable. While the detection of acoustic warning signals by the gang members working on a construction site is very difficult, the acoustical planning of an automatic warning system has to be designed for an acoustic short range level of one meter besides the construction vehicle. The decision about the use of today's technical warning system (fixed systems, automatic warning systems, etc.) must be geared to the technical feasibility and the level of safety which is needed. Criteria for decision guidance to block a track should be developed by danger estimation and economical variables. To realize the actual jurisdiction and to minimize the hazards of railway operations by the use of construction vehicles near the tracks further developments are needed. This means, that the warning systems have to be enhanced to systems for protection, which monitor the realization of the warning signal as a precondition for giving a movement authority to a train. This method can protect against accidents caused by predictable wrongdoing. The actual state of the art technique of using a collective warning combined with additional security staff is no longer acceptable. Therefore, the Institute of Transportation System of the German Aerospace Center in Braunschweig (Germany) will develop a gang warning and protection system based upon imaging methods, with optical sensors such as video in visible and invisible ranges, radar, laser, and other. The advantage of such a system based on the possibility to monitor both the gang itself and the railway-loading gauge either of the parallel track or of the same track still in use. By monitoring both situations, the system will be able to generate a warning message for the approaching train, that there are obstacles in the track, so that the train can be stopped to prevent an accident. And also the gang workers will be warned, while they breach their area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.781-796
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• 2009

The current standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum heat index(HI), but current standard could not consider daily maximum HI due to the difficulties in forecasting when we consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum HI and no considering HI because relative humidity could not observed for some regions. So, Newly established standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding $30^{\circ}C$ for two consecutive days or daily minimum temperature exceeding $25^{\circ}C$ and daily maximum temperature exceeding $30^{\circ}C$. These days are called "extreme heat days". On extreme heat days, the standard of extreme heat advisory is based on daily maximum temperature among exceeding $32.7^{\circ}C$ and not exceeding $34.8^{\circ}C$, and extreme heat warning is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding $34.8^{\circ}C$. ANOVA analysis was carried out using the data of Seoul Metropolitan City in 1994 to check the robustness of the new standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System from this study, in particular for mortality variable. The results reveal that the new standard specifies excess mortality well, showing significance level of 0.05 in the difference of excess mortality for each phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

This research is to investigated to analyze and identify factors which has been impacted area on the level of people' acceptance for disaster warning information. For better results and more reasonably generally accepted the results, the research was targeted people who need disaster warning information by the disaster impact. The damages from disaster are increasing every year. The disaster warning information have been changed by the level of people acceptance for the disaster warning information which has not been enough to satisfy the level of information. The research model has been developed by intergrating 'TAM model' to show theoretical and practical implications of this study. Research hypothesis are verified and analyzed through the SPSS and AMOS program. The main contribution of this research is to enhance effectiveness of disaster warning information to the people who can be damaged from disasters.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

This paper describes the development of portable arousal measurement and analysis system. Skin impedance change which responds to the change of arousal level was detected by the three elctrode constant current method and separated into two components(SIR, SIL). Relationship between Nz, IRI and arousal level was studied and criteria of arousal level control was decided by the sleep study. Measured data with and without warning signal were compared and analyzed.

• IE interfaces
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

Recent reports studied that injuries or deaths frequently occurred in consumer product accidents by product defects. Broadly speaking, product liability is liability which is imposed upon a manufacturer or other seller for personal injury, death, property damage and/or commercial loss arising with respect to a product or service provided by it. In this study, we want to search a method of prevention against appling PL laws. The way was researching on the level of appreciation of PL law, warning messages's means and design criteria for seller or consumer of child toys. As a result, most people didn't understand PL laws. Although they read them before purchasing child toy, many consumers didn't differentiate means of "Notice", "Warning", and "Danger" in warning messages. In addition, they considered important factors in warning messages as notice warning, safety mark(UL, etc), age recommendation and color in order. This study will be effective to search a method of prevention against PL laws.