• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2006

디자인사의 일반적인 관점에 따르면, 디자인 방법론은 모더니즘 디자인과 관계 속에서 해석되곤 한다. 본 논문은 제 2차 세계 대전 이후 군사 전략.테크놀로지의 연구 과정에서 성장한 사이보그 과학과의 관계에 초점을 맞춰, 디자인 방법론의 전개 과정을 고찰하고자 한다. 특히 그 관계는 크게 두 가지로 정의될 수 있다. 하나는 군사적인 연구 개발 프로젝트를 통해 정립된 오퍼레이션 리서치, 시스템 분석, 시스템 엔지니어링과 같은 시스템 과학이, 디자인의 과학화를 구호로 내걸었던 초기 디자인 방법론 운동에 의해 전유되는 과정이며, 다른 하나는 랜드 연구소를 근거지로 삼아 허버트 사이먼이 개진했던 "문제해결" 과 "인공지능"에 대한 이론들이 시스템 과학 이후의 디자인 방법론의 이론적 전개에 영향을 미치는 과정이다. 본 논문은 방법론 운동이 이와 같은 사이보그 과학과의 관계를 통해, 디자인 프로세스를 자본주의의 생산-소비 사이클의 피드백 루프로, 즉 시장의 보이지 않는 손을 가시화하는 정보 처리 과정으로 재정의 되는 과정을 살펴본다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2012

This study was aimed at analyzing the location and topology of the 'Gungmyo(宮廟)' and in Hanyang Doseong(漢陽都城) during 18th and 19th century. Based on the changes of royal processions(行幸) which had been done between the Gungmyo and the Palace, the Gungmyo can be a barometer of cognition where the city center was. Hanyang Doseong was the the capital of Joseon(朝鮮) which had established by king Taejo(太祖). The city had been organized with Gyeongbok-gung(景福宮) as the center. However, after the Imjin War(1592), Gyeongbok-gung was destroyed and urban space was reorganized with Changduk-gung(昌德宮) which reconstructed first. As most kings in late Joseon dynasty had mainly stayed in Changduk-gung, lots of Gungmyos where a memorial service for king's relatives had been held were established in and around the palace and the frequency of visiting the Gungmyo varied by political purpose. Therefore, the location of the Gungmyo and the rounte of parade were important to impress on the center of urban space. In 18th century, lots of King's procession had been done with Changduk-gung as departure point. The king used to start from Donwha-mun(敦化門), and the routes included main street around Changduk-gung. It shows that the urban center focused on the east of the city. On the other hand, when the king lived in Kyeonghee-gung(慶熙宮), a secondary palace in late Joseon dynasty, the parade started from Hungwha-mun(興化門) and the urban center was expended to the west. Since Gyeongbok-gung had reconstructed in 1865, recognition scheme of urban space had changed from Changduk-gung to Gyeongbok-gung as the center. When the Gungmyo relocated western side of Gyeongbok-gung, spatial proximity of the palace and relation with facilities around downtown fed into changing the route of king's parade.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

Purpose: Agent Orange (AO) is a herbicide and defoliant used by the United States and its military allies during the Vietnam War. Pneumonia is a common cause of death among Vietnam veterans in our hospital. There have been no previous studies researching any association between AO exposure and the prognosis for pneumonia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate associations between AO exposure and 30-day mortality due to pneumonia. The secondary objective was to examine the clinical factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in veterans with pneumonia, and to assess the prevalence of combined diseases in AO-exposed veterans. Methods: This study retrospectively included veteran patients diagnosed with pneumonia in the emergency department and hospitalized between February 2014 and March 2018. The enrolled patients were grouped according to their defoliant exposure history, and the clinical information of defoliant-exposed and non-defoliant-exposed groups were compared. Patients were divided according to 30-day mortality, and significant factors influencing mortality were evaluated by using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The final multivariate model revealed the effect of AO exposure on therapeutic outcomes of pneumonia. Results: A total of 1006 patients were analyzed. Of these, 276 patients had a history of AO exposure, whereas 730 patients had not been exposed. Factors positively associated with 30-day mortality were malignancy, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin which was negatively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Exposure to defoliant is not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonia. However, veterans with defoliant exposure are associated with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, malignancy, and chronic kidney disease.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2012

The goal of this paper is to analyze the Freedom Center Apacle in Seoul designed by Kin Soo Geun who was a leading architect in Korean Modern architecture. Freedom Center was built in 1963, that was the largest monumental building to support military regime during cold war period in Korea. This paper deals with historical background of construction of Freedom Center and its characteristics compared to similar monumental buildings, especially Corbusier's Chandigar and Kenzo Tange's Hiroshima Peace Center. The Monumentality in Freedom Center came from the reference to these two buildings and its site plan. This paper tried to show how similar the layout of buildings between the Freedom Center and Peace Center. The origin of the sublime aura in Tange's linear layout of Peace Center is from Japanese Famous Shrine(Jinku). Kim translated it to serve the ideological purpose to protect from socialist regime in the name of freedom. Its over-scaled roof and weak contents showed Freedom center was a kind of theaterical setting belong to formalist building. But in spite of its symbolic and representational gesture its also had a architectonic physical quality to make it a monument. The change and duration in time testified the autonomous power of architecture in Freedom Center. Freedom Center was also important for using the exposed concrete and its superior finish. It was influenced not from western way of Benton Brut which was usually called New Brutalism but Japanese way of treating expose concrete. In spite of its limits Freedom center achieved new trend and sensibility in Korean Modern Architecture.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.723-730
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to speculate on the history and the meaning of so-called "princess fashion" based on the feminist's viewpoint. While many designers in Korean fashion world have fostered the trend of princess fashion, relatively little insight has been developed regarding its socio-cultural meanings. For this problem, the researcher traced the historical background and the development of the princess fashion in both the western and the Korean fashion world. As a case of the princess fashion study, Andre Kim(a renowned Korean designer)'s collection was selected and analyzed since he has often been a central figure for the princess fashion trends in Korea. Here the operational definition of the princess fashion is the lavish dresses designed based on the western court dress styles. As a result, the researcher found that the princess fashion was originated from the eighteenth century in France. In the nineteenth century, male designers took over the role to make extravagant dresses such as empire and crinoline dresses which became the prototypes for the princess fashion. In Korea, the western court dress style was introduced at the end of the nineteenth century and it became a uniform of prostitutes during the Korean War. By analyzing Andre Kim's collection, it is found that his romantic dresses imitated the nineteenth century court dresses. Therefore, from the feminist's viewpoint, his princess fashion is a mere reproduction of anachronistic styles reflecting inferior and passive images of women. The researcher draws a conclusion that today's fashion should transcend the princess fashion that signifies the female's submissive-masochistic roles operated by the male's sexual expectation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

이 글의 목적은 이란의 여성감독 사미라 마흐말바프(Samira Makhmalbaf)의 작품과 영화세계를 분석하는데 있다. 사미라 감독은 총 5편의 영화를 연출했으며, 자신의 여성정체성을 바탕으로 이란의 사회현실에 대한 비판의식을 사실주의 스타일로 재현하며 이란영화의 새로운 흐름을 대표하는 여성감독이다. 이 글에서는 대표작 <사과>, <칠판>, <오후 5시>를 중심으로 그녀의 작품세계와 영화철학을 분석하고 당대 이란 사회현실과의 사회맥락적 의미를 규명한다. 이 연구를 통해 사미라 감독은 여성의 인권, 반전과 평화, 소외받는 사람들에 대한 공감으로 이슬람 사회체제가 가진 모순과 억압을 서구의 민주주의와 휴머니즘의 시선에서 비판하고 있으며, 이란의 사실주의 전통을 계승하면서도 메타포와 리얼리티를 결합하는 독특한 사실주의 미학으로 예술영화의 전통을 초극하고 있는 21세기 이란영화사의 새로운 진보와 변화(progress and change)를 상징하는 여성감독임을 확인할 수 있다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2004

This paper investigates morphological theory as an intellectual framework for research and design. The first part of the paper will review morphological studies in the fields of urban geography, urban planning and architecture, particularly in England from the 1940s to the 1980s. While urban geographers and planners were concerned primarily with town plans, building forms and land use, architectural theoreticians were more interested in the topological relationship between urban and architectural space. The underlying premises and principles of these two approaches will be reviewed. The second part of the paper will focus on typology in Europe and North America. The reinterpretation of typology by Italian architects helped to bridge the gap between individual elements of architecture and the overall form of the city. However, typological theory became less accessible in post-war England and the United States. After 1980, the debate on typology became muted by the onset of vague notions such as functionalism, bio-technical determinism, and contextualism. This paper will propose a redefinition of morphology as a heuristic device, in contrast with the dichotomic view of urban morphology and architectural typology. Morphology will be shown to combine the geometrical and topological; the intentional and accidental; the real and abstract; and a priori and a posteriori. The last part of the paper discusses the lack of comparative theories and methods surrounding the physical form of architecture and the city by Korea commentators. Empirically rooted facility planning, non-comparative historical studies, and iconographic criticism emerged as a central preoccupation of architectural culture between the 1960s and 1980s, a time when international debate on architecture and urbanism was most intense. This paper will give consideration to the built environment as a dynamic physical entity and space as an epiphenomenon of daily urban life, such that collaboration between urban designers, architects, and landscape architects is seen as both beneficial and necessary.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2007

$Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ are understood as the deities of four directions in Buddhism: $Dhrtar{\bar{a}}stra$ in the East, $Vir{\bar{u}}dhaka$ in the South, $Vir{\bar{u}}p{\bar{a}}ksa$ in the West and $Vai{\acute{s}}ravana$ in the North respectively. Their common name is, therefore, called as the "Four Guardian Kings", whose function is to prevent demonic forces from entering into its sacred world. Although the position of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ is to the lowest level in the hierarchy of the minor deities in Buddhism, the cult of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ was widely spread and prominent in the countries of Northern Buddhism. It played a significant role in terms of the state-protecting Buddhism, on behalf of it's esoteric and magic power. More than 20 Gateways of the $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ and $Lokap{\bar{a}}la$ statues were still well preserved in Korea, and they were believed to be constructed after the Japanese attack in 1592. After war, monks had concentrated on restoring ruined temples and building many new Gateways of the Four Guardian Kings over the Korean peninsular. Under such circumstances, even though the $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ played a significant role as the subject of cult in Korean Buddhism. they might have a small chance to be taught traditional Lama iconography exactly. The purpose of this essay is to examine the relation of orientation of the Gate way of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ and allocation of each Kings inside the gate.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2011

본 논문은 한국 항공산업의 발전 과정과 현황에 대해 정리하였다. 해방 이후 창 정비에서 시작한 국내 항공 산업이 1976년 500MD 헬기 생산에서 시작하여 군수를 중심으로 발전한 과정과 21세기의 전략산업으로 육성되고 있는 현황에 대해 각종 국책 사업, 정책, 업계 현황을 중심으로 서술하였다. KTX, KFP, KAH 등과 같은 대형 국책사업을 통해 발전한 국내 항공산업은 현재 진행되고 있는 세계 민수 시장의 확대에 대응하기 위해 정부, 기업, 연구기관 등이 다대한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이러한 노력의 결과, 국내 항공산업은 비록 규모면 에서 왜소하나 질과 양 모든 분야에서 지속적으로 성장하고 있다. 그러나 해외 항공선진국과의 경쟁은 여전히 치열한 상태이다. 대한민국의 미래에 있어서 항공산업이 선택이 아닌 필수적인 육성 분야라는 점에서, 한국의 항공산업의 지속적이고도 강력한 발전노력은 더 한층 필요해질 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2018

Objectives : It is noted that Jukheon-Silheombang(Actual Formulas of Jukheon), is a rare book published by a private physician in 1950s. The study of this book is the data that can be used to see how the acupuncture of Huh-Im is inherited and performed in the local small towns right after the Korean War. Methods : Through the investigation of various literature data and interviews with the author's descendants, Jukheon-Silheombang's related figures, citation documents, book formation and content characteristics were descriptively analyzed. Results and Conclusions : Jukheon-Silheombang can be used to study characteristics of acupuncture treatments given in a small town in the late 1950s. It has the significance of preserving traditional acupuncture such as the Sakwan point method and inheriting the clinical utility of Chimgu-Kyungheombang(Acupucture & Moxibustion Skills Guide) of Huh-Im.