• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2022

Rhinoplasty is one of the first surgical procedures described with evidence in the history of medicine. At first, these were performed for the reconstruction of traumatic defects caused by punishments, sequels of war, and then it had been reused after suffering from diseases such as syphilis. Many techniques have been developed from the need of aesthetics outcomes in this field. The objective of our work is to describe a modified approach of recycled dorsum preservation procedure that we have proposed as a safe and reliable technique. In this work, we have showed that this technique has a marked advantage of preserving the natural tissue with satisfactory postoperative result. We had no functional complications up to date. We recommend that every specialist in the field of rhinoplasty should be able to use it as a reproducible and feasible alternative.

• 수완나부미
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-100
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• 2019

The region between mainland China on the east and the Indian sub-continent on the west is referred to as Southeast Asia since the conclusion of the Pacific War (1941-1945). As a region, Southeast Asia appears as a hodgepodge of disparity and diversity, but a closer scrutiny reveals numerous common attributes and characteristics. This study attempts to identify and examine the cohesive and shared characteristics across the Southeast Asian region from a historical and sociocultural perspective. The intention is to differentiate an identity borne of the underlying commonalities of shared characteristics whether physical, experiential, emotive, and/or in terms of heritage. Subsequently, Southeast Asia has more grounds to claim itself as a distinct region, and an "area of study," besides the political expediency of ASEAN.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2023

This paper reviews the history of the birth and development of the skyscraper in Japan, mainly from the perspective of the legal system, and presents the following points: 1) After 1919, building height was limited to 31 m or less, which continued after the war and defined the skyline of Japan's major cities; 2) The 31-meter height limit became a problem during rapid economic growth. With the development of tall building construction technology, the height limit was eliminated, and skyscrapers were born in Japan in the 1960s; 3) Later, the number of skyscrapers increased more rapidly in the post-bubble period after the collapse of the bubble economy in the 2000s than in the boom years of the 1980s, when the floor-area ratio was relaxed for economic uplift and urban renewal. The number of skyscrapers increased rapidly against the backdrop of the deregulation of the floor-area ratio.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권35호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2014

대한민국역사박물관에서 소장하고 있는 베트남전 귀국상자는 전체적으로 열화가 진행되어 색이 바래고 이물질 고착, 균열, 부후 등 손상이 심하였다. 특히 하단부는 충해로 인한 손상이 심한 상태이며 일부 남아있는 받침목은 열화와 갈라짐이 심하여 불안정한 상태이다. 금속 띠를 둘렀던 흔적이 바닥과 측면 중앙 모서리에 있으며 부착되어 있는 금속 띠와 상자 내부에 보관되어 있던 탈락된 금속 띠 모두 부식이 심하다. 또한 상자를 덮고 있는 뚜껑의 우측 하단부에는 검은 색의 이물질이 고착되어 있다. 보존처리는 처리 전 조사를 마친 후 클리닝, 균열 메움, 바닥 보강, 금속띠 부착 등의 과정으로 진행하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.23-40
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to analysis the transformation of family ethics as appeared in Korean history. The contents of this study consist of two parts: literature reviews on the specific features of family ethics with lived history from the period of the Three States to 1950 decades and a survey research on family ethics and its transition after 1950 decades. For the latter, Questionnaires were distributed to the different each generations, from which 1194 data were obtained. The results can be summarized as follows: The transition of thought such as Buddhism, Confucianism and the change of economics condition are found to have impact on the family ethics in Korea. In contemporary history, The Korean War(6 ${\cdot}$ 25) had great influent on the change of the family ethics. Recently the conflict among the family members and family problems are influenced by the valiables such as generation and sex, especially with the changes of consciousness of feministic perspective. More over, while only miner change had appeared in Family Ethics during the society still remained in Eastern Value orientations before Cho-seon dynasty, the transformation Family Ethics seems to be the greatest with the cultural shock by the introduction of the Western Values depending on the religions and locality. Nevertheless, family-Centered orientations and confucianism(Hyo) have continued to remains as relatively important values.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the meaning of the New Brutalism sensed in the late church buildings of the Swedish architect Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975). St Mark's (1956-64) and St Peter's (1962-66) churches, his grand finale designs, have a unique architectural vocabulary of rough brickwork. The brick treatment is the basis on which Reyner Banham (1966) discussed him concerning the New Brutalism, and the point that this research focuses on. This paper explores the brutalist character of the buildings from two aspects - interpretational level of individual buildings and historical level of a broader view. First, the character of two churches could be interpreted with the phrase of 'play between brutality and sacredness'. The rough surface of brick and mortar in the buildings symbolises brutality and the vault of their chapels' ceiling sacredness. And the two characteristics meet and play on the rough vault surface. Second, in the historical point of view, this paper argues that the buildings made a giant leap for Swedish modern architecture, which had been at a deadlock owing to the compromising attitude of the New Empiricism since 1940s. And the Swedish New Empiricism (or the New Humanism), spread to Britain as "Welfare State architecture" after World War II, brought about reaction of the young British architects such as the Smithsons and became the background that made the new brutalist mood. However, considering that the term of the New Brutalism was first used in Sweden by Hans Asplund, Lewerentz's brutalist late churches - which seemingly had nothing to do with the British nor the Corbusian lineage - are also meaningful in that they confirmed the tendency in its homeland. In conclusion, this paper argues that St Mark's and St Peter's churches with the brutalist characteristics should be regarded as crucial buildings not only in Lewerentz's personal career but also in Swedish and international architectural history.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2018

During the 1950s, the North Koreans rebuilt their capital-Pyongyang-as a modern city under the principle of Soviet urban design. One North Korean architect, Kim Jung-hee, has been widely credited since the late 1980s as the master architect of the General Plan of the city's reconstruction. While Kim Jung-hee played a crucial role in its reconstruction, his heroic image as the founding architect of Pyongyang is considerably attributed to North Korea's mythical narratives rather than his historical activities. This paper argues that Pyongyang's postwar urban design was not a work made by a single actor, Kim Jung-hee; rather, it was a long-term collaborative project in which a team of North Korean architects and Soviet technical advisors took their respective roles. Beginning in the late 1980s, North Korea, which had been struggling with economic decline and an increasing sense of lagging behind in its rivalry with its Southern counterpart, used heroic narratives during the 1950s' postwar reconstruction period as an important propaganda tool for their regime. In this mythical narrative of Pyongyang's reconstruction, massive economic and technical aid from other communist countries has often disappeared, and the memory of the architects who contributed greatly to the reconstruction but later purged in North Korea have also completely vanished. Kim Jung-hee, meanwhile, remained in this epic as the founding architect who rebuilt the city in faithful accordance with the leadership of Kim Il Sung.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

As a result of reviewing various documents and existing researches, since the late Goryeo period, the most active period in the Ondol(溫突, Korean floor heating system) facilities is the 17th century. The phenomenological reason was recovering the buildings destroyed by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(壬辰倭亂) & the Manchu War of 1636(丙子胡亂), but the underlying cause was an abnormal climate in which a pair of summer and winter cold continued. In the 17th century, as the Ondol facilities grew rapidly without distinction between regions and classes, the supply and demand of fuel caused economic and natural environmental problems. And a negative and positive view on Ondol was suggested. Since the middle of the 18th century, when the demand and supply of Ondol reached its peak, which could no longer increase, a new awareness of Ondol began to grow. The room was called the Panbang(板房) and the Ondol, depending on the material that made up the floor. It was considered natural to have the Ondol from this time on. The Incan(因間) and Jo(竈) that were made to burn were started to be recorded as a kitchen, regardless of size and function. Changes in social awareness of Ondol have led to concerns about heating efficiency. A variety of architectural explorations were conducted. Such a search was later realized in concrete architectural form. There is a double Ondoll structure, and the column spacing is reduced compared to the previous one. The heat buffer space is formed around the Ondol room, and the double window can control the light and the air going in and out.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2008

Pediatrics in Geumwon(金元) age had fanned peculiar children's etiology, Byeonggihak(病機學) and Byeonjeungnon(辦證論) curative system grounded on medical theory in Geumwonsadaega(金元四大家). Yuwanso(劉完素), who was front-running man in that age, used so many times 'Yanggyeoksan(凉隔散)' or 'Bangpungtongseongsan(防風通聖散)' which have Hanryang(寒凉) disposition for curing children's disease in view of pathology in Yeoldahanso(熱多寒少), which is his special academic thought, after then Judangye(朱丹溪) succeed Yuwanso(劉完素)'s this view of pathology, Yang-eumjahyeol(養陰滋血) developed the one and made it a standing rule to cure children. Also Idongwon(李東垣) grasped that the main cause of disease is starvation because of war. As a result of it, he insisted on theory, internal cause's outbreak of person's illness, Naesangbiwi(內傷脾胃), Baekbyeong-yusaeng(百病由牛). In this view of this principle, he assorted and used following medicine 'Seungma(升麻), Siho(柴胡), Hwanggi' as 'Seungbalyanggi(升發陽氣)' method to cure children, and concentrated on children's spleen and stomach cure with this way. Jangjongjeong(張從政) applied 'Purgation therapy[攻下法]', Hantoha(汗吐下) centered on the theory of exogenous factors[外因說] , which explains that children's disease is Sagichimseup(邪氣侵襲), too. Like this, in Geumwon(金元) age, they had studied very seriously about main cause of children' s disease in two part, an internal cause and an external cause. Also, in pathological part they had approached academically 'Hwayeolchibyeong(火熱致病)' and 'Gigiseunggangsiljo(氣機乘降失調)' from diverse angles.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.155-175
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• 2013

Meantime there has been a tendency to keep silent about the role of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora which contributed to the spirit of independence and the realization of country foundation ideology in the official history of Latin America. In some countries, although the collective resistance of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora, which intended to establish a liberal and equal society resisting against slavery and colonization system, was the foundation of independence and the establishment of a new country, their contribution has been difficult to leave an official trace in Caucasian criollo-centered history system. Along with the development of Hcienda in 17th Century, black slaves' collective resistance was developed mainly with el Virreinato de la Nueva Granada, the center of the Independence movement of Brazil and South America. The black people who escaped resisting against slavery formed communities and developed organized activities through various politics and social activities. However, such communities were mostly dispersed or destroyed by the colonial power, and the collective resistance of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora lost life. On the other side, in case of Colombia, a community of escaped black slaves which was formed in the early 17th Century is solely remaining in Latin America, moreover, Afro-Ibero America Diaspora's struggle for liberty and equality became the foundation for Comuneros revolution and Independence movement in the late 18th Century. Comuneros revolution which occurred in 1781 awoke self-awareness of liberty and equality, and became an ideological base for independence movement based on revolutional republicanism and philosophy of enlightenment. It is considered that South America's independence movement lead by $Sim{\acute{o}}n$ Boívar was a history that could not have started without historical base of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora's resistance against colonization system. Therefore, this study intends to discuss the role and achievement of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora in the process of independence of Latin America mainly with Colombia, which is the center of Independence movement of South America. Through this process, this study intends to revaluate historical contribution of Afro-Ibero America which has been relatively neglected meanwhile in the process of independence and the establishment of country.