• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.72-105
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• 2011

This study explores the value of the Dicentra spectabilis community as a nature reserve in provincial forests at San 1-2, Daea-ri, Dongsang-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do, also known as Gamakgol, while defining the appropriateness of its living environment and eventually providing basic information to protect this area. For these reasons, we investigated 'morphological and biological features of Dicentra spectabilis' and the 'present situation and problems of designing a herbaceous nature reserve in Korea.' Furthermore, we researched and analyzed the solar, soil and vegetation condition here through a field study in order to comprehend its nature reserve value. The result is as follows. According to the analytic result for information on the domestic wild Dicentra spectabilis community, it is evenly spread throughout mountainous areas, and there is one particularly outstanding in size in Wanju Gamakgol. Upon the findings from literature and the field study about its dispersion, Gamakgol has been discovered as an ideal district for Dicentra spectabilis since it meets all the conditions this plant requires to grow vigorously, such as a quasi-high altitude and rich precipitation during its period of active growth duration in May. Dicentra spectabilis grows in rocky soil ranging from 300~375m above sea level, 344.5m on average, towards the north, northwest and dominantly in the northeast. The mean inclination degree is $19.5^{\circ}$. Also, upon findings from analyzing solar conditions, the average light intensity during its growth duration, from Apr. to Aug., is 30,810lux on average and it tends to increase, as it gets closer to the end. This plant requires around 14,000~18,000lux while growing, but once bloomed, fruits develop regardless of the degree of brightness. The soil pH has shown a slight difference between the topsoil, at 5.2~6.1, and subsoil, at 5.2~6.2. Its mean pH is 5.54 for topsoil and 5.58 for subsoil. These results are very typical for Dicentra spectabilis to grow in, and other comparative areas also present similar conditions. Given the facts, the character of the soil in Gamakgol has been evaluated to have high stability. Analysis of its vegetation environment shows a wide variation of taxa numbering from 13 to 52 depending on area. The total number of taxa is 126 and they are a homogenous group while showing a variety of species as well. The Dicentra spectabilis community in the Daea-ri Arboretum is an herbaceous community consisting of dominantly Dicentra spectabilis, Cardamine leucantha, Boehmeria tricuspi and Impatiens textori while having many differential species such as Impatiens textori, Pueraria thunbergiana, Rubus crataegifolius vs Staphylea bumalda, Securinega suffruticosa, and Actinidia polygama. It suggests that it is a typical subcolony divided by topographic features and soil humidity. Considering the above results on a comprehensive level, this area is an excellent habitat for wild Dicentra spectabilis providing beautiful viewing enjoyment. Additionally, it is the largest wild colony of Dicentra spectabilis in Korea whose climate, topography, soil conditions and vegetation environment can secure sustainability as a wild habitat of Dicentra spectabilis. Therefore, We have determined that the Gamakgol community should be re-examined as natural asset owing to its established habitat conditions and sustainability.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2010

The sewage treatment plants to be built to improve the water quality of the Mankyung River will total 11, of which combined capacity will reach $39,850m^3/day$, and saying in detail, 5 at Gunsan city, 2 at Iksan city, 1 at Kimje city and 3 at Wanju gun, The scenario for water quality improvement was developed, considering the conditions of plant operation ratio and the accomplishment of the water quality target (BOD 4.4 mg/L, T-P 0.356 mg/L) at the end of the watershed of Mankyung B was predicted, making use of QUAL2E model. As a result of prediction using QUAL2E model based on scenarios with 70% and 100% of operation ratio, respectively, at 11 plants in 2010, the water quality at the watershed of Mankyung B was estimated at 4.322 mg/L which was lower than the target of BOD 4.4 mg/L, indicating the target water quality was achieved, when it comes to 70% of operation ratio, But in case of T-P, it was estimated at 0.565 mg/L, which was higher than the target. When it comes to 100% of operation ratio, T-P also was 0.563 mg/L which exceeded the target, 0.356 mg/L. As indicated above, the effect of water quality improvement appeared very insignificant, which was attributable to the limit of small scale sewage treatment plant in total reduction capacity. Hence, the measures for additional reduction in a bid to achieve the target water quality of T-P at the designated location need to be taken, and the measures to build the Sewage treatment facilities at the place where the pollution is significantly caused by T-P appeared to be required as well.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2000

Objectives and Methods : This study was conducted to investigate chief complaints among famers. The subjects of this study were 640 famers who live in the rural area in Wanju-gun Jeonbuk province. They were received medical treatment by oriental doctors who visited each village from July 1996 to June 1999. The data of this study were collected from their medical charts . Results and Conclusions : The number of female patients was 449(70.16%) and the number of male patients was 191(29.84%). The group of patients above 70 years was 32.81%, 60-69 years 32.03%, 50-59 years 20.15%, 40-49 years 8.90%, and bellow 39 years 6.09%. The most frequent complaint in farmers was low back pain(27.16%) the second was knee joint pain(16.14%), the third was shoulder Pain(12.06%), and the fourth was headache-dizziness(9.59%). The frequency of musculoskeletal disease(64.48%) was most high, and cardiovascular disease(11.33%) was the second, gstrointestinal disease(10.73%) was the third, respiratory disease(3.42%) was the fourth. It is necessary to pay attention to musculoskeletal disease-especially low back pain and knee joint pain- in study and treatment of farmer's disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Recently, the frequency and intensity of drought have been increasing due to the sudden abnormal climate in Korea. The occurrence of agricultural drought has been steadily increasing from 5 times in the 1980s to 2000s in 20 years, 6 times in the 10 years from 2000 to 2010, and 4 times in the recent period from 2011 to 2015. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of water shortage caused by drought by improving the function of agricultural reservoir. The target area analyzed the data such as "Comprehensive Information System for Rural Water" operated by Korea Rural Community Corporation. As a result, we selected the target area as Wanju - gun, Jeollabuk - do in consideration of the rate of water storage compared with the normal 25 years, the completion year of the facility, the area of coverage per reservoir site and the low capacity. As a result of evaluating the improvement effect of agricultural facilities, it was analyzed that the irrigation area increased by about 25.7% when the water level was increased by 1m and the irrigation area increased by about 51.3% when the water level was increased by 2m. The results of the drought impact assessment after improving the function of the agricultural facilities were analyzed that it was effective to improve the function after more than 4m depth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-70
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Mt. Bulmyeongsan in Jeollabuk-do from April 2015 to October 2016. The vascular plants were summarized as 433 taxa, including 100 families, 290 genera, 382 species, 4 subspecies, 38 varieties and 9 forms. Among the investigated 433 taxa, 5 Korean endemic plants and 4 rare and endangered plants were included. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 1 taxa of grade IV, 10 taxa of grade III, 3 taxa of grade II and 19 taxa of grade I. Naturalized plants consisted of 28 taxa that made up 6.5% of the total vascular plants in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is the practical application of landscape ecological indices to establishment of eco-village planning methodology. Planning an eco-village has to be carried out in the boundary of a small watershed that is defined by homogeneous ecological character. Because the small watershed is a landscape unit it can have unique ecological character. On this viewpoint, the spatial structure is analyzed by the ecological attributes of form, distribution arrangement and composition of the sub-landscape units. Among all of the sub-landscape units, a green tract of land is the main subject of the analyzing entity. Woodland or forest as a green tract of land is a source of biological species and materials. Therefore the ecological attributes of green patches are especially analyzed by landscape ecological indices. The selected landscape ecological indices are elongation, lobes, interior area ratio, convolution of perimeter and proximity of the green patches. These indices represent the state of ecological conditions and they will be the evaluation factors of the landscape ecological planning. These frameworks for landscape ecological planning apply to Obok and Ganggeum villages in Wanju-gun, Korea. A proposed planning was evaluated by the selected landscape ecological indices. Among the selected landscape ecological indices of green patches, perimeter convolution and proximity were increased. It means that the ecological condition of peen paches will be mon sound and green areas of the village will be expanded naturally. In addition to this connectivities among green patches will also be improved.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1994

The understory vegetation of a Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation is relatively sparse at a valley in Sangkwan-my6n, Wanju-gun, Chiinbuk, Korea, and that of the pure C. obtusa plantation is more sparse than in the C, obtusa-Larix leptolepis plantation. In order to investigate the causes of this difference, this study was carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. Total of 109 taxa, comprising 90 genera and 53 families, were identified in the plantation. But the average number of species above 10% frequency was only 27, and both the number of species and plants per quadrat in the pure C. obtusa plantation were lower than those in the C, obtusa-L. leptolepis plantation. Light intensity, soil pH, and the difference of soil minerals were supposed to be parts of the causes. Soils, litter extracts of C. obtusa and L. leptolepis, and leachates collected by vermiculite beneath C. obtusa canopy for 1 year were tested for the effect on germination and seedling growth of both inside species and outside species in the laboratory. Germination and seedling growth of outside species were more suppressed than those of inside species. Therefore it was found that allelopathic effect of C. obtusa would be responsible for the sparse understory vegetation in the C. oblusa plantation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.225-227
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• 2011

The stem rot of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum occurred in the landscape field of Sanggwan-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, Korea in September 2009. The typical symptoms of the disease were water-soaking and dark brown rot on the stem, wilting and blighting. Most infected plants died of the disease. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions and brown sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil surface. The sclerotia were spherical or irregular, 0.8-3.5 (mean 1.8) mm in size on potato dextrose agar, brown in color. The optimal temperature range of hyphal growth was $25-30^{\circ}C$ and the hyphal diameter was 4-9 ${\mu}m$. Clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar. Pathogenicity of the casual organism was provided on C. zawadskii according to Koch's postulate. The fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii on the basis of mycologiclal characteristics and pathogenicity test to host plants. This is the first report on the stem rot of C. zawadskii caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2020

Plagiothecium platyphyllum Mönk (Plagiotheciaceae), a species unrecorded previously in the moss flora of the Republic of Korea (South Korea), was collected in the Surak stream of Mt. Daedun in Jeollabuk-do Wanju-gun Sanbuk-ri. This species was known to be distributed around China, Japan, North Korea, and Europe. The morphological characters of P. platyphyllum's leaf are ovate-lanceolate, and mostly asymmetric, 2.0~2.5 × 1.0~1.4 mm. The margin of the leaf is entirely below and weakly serrulated near the apex. The costae parts are double, unequal, with one branch reaching to the mid-leaf. Median leaf cells are linear-rhomboidal, 80~127 × 10~16 ㎛ and alar cells are rectangular. Central strand is developed in the core of the stem.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate for rhinitis of middle school students and to confirm the effect of oriental medical treatments on rhinitis. We proceeded with this oriental medical treatment programs in collaboration with community health center. Methods : We have given oriental medical treatment, such as herbal medicines(pillet type Gamisinicheongpye-um and ointment) and intradermal acupuncture therapy at Hapgok (LI4), Yeonghyang (LI20), Indang, Bi-ik points, to patients for 9 weeks. Results of this treatment program were evaluated on a 4-point-scale depends on symptoms ; 'severe ()', 'moderate (++)', 'mild (+)' and 'no symptom (-)'. Results : After oriental medical treatments, rhinitis symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching and dysosmia) were improved significantly compared to before treatments (p<0.05). Conclusions : We confirmed rhinitis treated with oriental medicine should significant improvement and suggest that it is necessary to expand oriental medical treatment programs in collaboration with community health center.