• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3793-3798
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• 2013

The role of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in lung tumors is controversial. Although PAR4 is preferentially expressed in human lung tissues, its possible significance in lung cancer has not been defined. The studies reported herein used a combination of clinical observations and molecular methods. Surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas and associated adjacent normal lung tissues were collected and BEAS-2B and NCI-H157 cell lines were grown in tissue culture. PAR4 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that PAR4 mRNA expression was generally decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues as compared with matched noncancerous tissues (67.7%) and was associated with poor differentiation (p=0.017) and metastasis (p=0.04). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis also showed that PAR4 protein levels were mostly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues (61.3%), and were also associated with poor differentiation (p=0.035) and clinical stage (p=0.027). Moreover, PAR4 expression was decreased in NCI-H157 cells as compared with BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, PAR4 expression is significantly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma, and down-regulation of PAR4 is associated with a more clinically aggressive phenotype. PAR4 may acts as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2014

Crevice corrosion tests were conducted to examine the corrosion properties of HYBRID (HYdrazine Base Reductive metal Ion Decontamination) which was developed to decontaminate the PWR primary coolant system. To compare the corrosion properties of HYBRID with commonly existing decontamination agents, oxalic acid (OA) and citric oxalic acid (CITROX) were also examined. Type 304 Stainless Steel (304 SS) and Alloy 600 which are major components of the primary coolant system in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) were evaluated. Crevice corrosion tests were conducted under very aggressive conditions to confirm quickly the corrosion properties of primary coolant system structure components which have high corrosion resistance. Pitting and IGA were occurred in crevice surface under OA and CITROX conditions. But localized corrosion was not observed under HYBRID condition. Very low corrosion rate of less than $1.3{\times}10^{-3}{\mu}m/h$ was observed under HYBRID condition for both materials. On the other hand, under OA condition, Alloy 600 indicated comparatively uniform corrosion rate of $4.0{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}m/h$ but 304 SS indicated rapid accelerated corrosion in lower case than pH 2.0. In case of HYBRID condition, general corrosion and crevice corrosion were scarcely occurred. Therefore, material integrity of HYBRID in decontamination of primary coolant system in pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor was conformed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 2009

The signature hashing algorithm[9] provides the fast pattern matching speed for network IPS(Intrusion Prevention System) using the hash table. It selects 2 bytes from all signature rules and links to the hash table by the hash value. It has an advantage of performance improvement because it reduces the number of inspecting rules in the pattern matching. However it has a disadvantage of performance drop if the number of rules with the same hash value increases when the number of rules are large and the corelation among rules is strong. In this paper, we propose a method to make all rules distributed evenly to the hash table independent of the number of rules and corelation among rules for overcoming the disadvantage of the signature hashing algorithm. In the proposed method, it checks whether or not there is an already assigned rule linked to the same hash value before a new rule is linked to a hash value in the hash table. If there is no assigned rule, the new rule is linked to the hash value. Otherwise, the proposed method recalculate a hash value to put it in other position. We implemented the proposed method in a PC with a Linux module and performed experiments using Iperf as a network performance measurement tool. The signature hashing method shows performance drop if the number of rules with the same hash value increases when the number of rules are large and the corelation among rules is strong, but the proposed method shows no performance drop independent of the number of rules and corelation among rules.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2010

A novel dioscin-glycosidase that specifically hydrolyzes multi-glycosides, such as 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}4$)-rhamnoside, 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}2$)-rhamnoside, 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}4$)-arabinoside, and ${\beta}$-D-glucoside, on diosgenin was isolated from the Absidia sp.d38 strain, purified, and characterized. The molecular mass of the new dioscin-glycosidase is about 55 kDa based on SDS-PAGE. The dioscin-glycosidase gradually hydrolyzes either 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}4$)-Rha or 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}2$)-Rha from dioscin into 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-Rha-${\beta}$-D-Glc-diosgenin, further rapidly hydrolyzes the other ${\alpha}$-L-Rha from 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-Rha-${\beta}$-D-Glc-diosgenin into the main intermediate products of 3-O-${\beta}$-D-Glc-diosgenin, and subsequently hydrolyzes these intermediate products into aglycone as the final product. The enzyme also gradually hydrolyzes 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}4$)-arabinoside, 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}2$)-rhamnoside, and ${\beta}$-D-glucoside from [3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}4$)-Ara, 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\to}4$)-Rha]-${\beta}$-D-Glc-diosgenin into diosgenin as the final product, exhibiting significant differences from previously reported glycosidases. The optimal temperature and pH for the new dioscin-glycosidase is $40^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. Whereas the activity of the new dioscin-glycosidase was not affected by $Na^+$, $K^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$ ions, it was significantly inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$ and $Hg^{2+}$ ions, and slightly affected by $Ca^{2+}$ ions.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2006

The structural and contamination characteristics of hot cells at KAERI were investigated. The SEM results showed that the size of the hot particulate on the inner surface of the hot cell ranged from 0.2 to $10{\mu}m$. It was found that an inlet flow rate of 15 m/sec was suitable for this developed cyclone with a 49 mm optimum vortex finder length. The results showed that the collection efficiency was about 85% for $3{\mu}m$ particles. The collection efficiency didn't show a sharp increase when the inlet flow rate was faster than 15m/sec. When the temperature of the inlet flow gas was increased, the collection efficiency of the cyclone was slightly decreased. The larger the vortex finder length was, the higher the pressure drop in the cyclone was. The cut size diameter decreased with an increment of the Reynolds number. It was established that the flow in the cyclone was a turbulent flow on the basis of the Reynolds number and this turbulent flow caused a pressure drop in the cyclone. $Stk^{1/2}_{50}$ decreased with increasing values of the Reynolds number and it gradually approached a constant value at a higher value of the Reynolds number Namely, $Stk^{1/2}_{50}$ approached approximately 0.045 between 6000 and 8000 of the Reynolds number.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10209-10215
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• 2015

To assess the contribution of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\beta}$ +252 polymorphisms to risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 150 pairs of sex- and age-matched patients with HCC, patients with cirrhosis alone, and unrelated healthy controls. $TNF{\beta}$ +252 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate analysis indicated that $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype [odds ratio (OR), 3.64; 95%CI, 1.49-8.91], hepatitis B surface antigen (OR, 16.38; 95%CI, 8.30-32.33), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) (OR, 39.11; 95%CI, 14.83-103.14) were independent risk factors for HCC. There was an additive interaction between $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HCV infection (synergy index=1.15). Multivariate analysis indicated that factors associated with $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype included cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (OR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.34-12.29), thrombocytopenia (OR, 6.55; 95%CI, 1.46-29.43), and higher serum ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein concentration (OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.14-5.62). Patients with $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype had poor cumulative survival (p=0.005). Cox proportional hazard model indicated that $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype was a biomarker for poor HCC survival (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.07-2.69). In conclusion, there are independent and additive effects between $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype and chronic HBV/HCV infection on risk for HCC. It is a biomarker for poor HCC survival. Carriage of this genotype correlates with disease severity and advanced hepatic fibrosis, which may contribute to a higher risk and poor survival of HCC. Chronic HBV/HCV infected subjects with this genotype should receive more intensive surveillance for early detection of HCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2014

The aim was to determine whether ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) promotes dual targeting of HSP72 and HSC70 for therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), to improve the specific and efficient delivery of siRNA, to induce tumor cell specific apoptosis, and to find new therapeutic targets specific of CRPC.VCaP cells were transfected with siRNA oligonucleotides. HSP70, HSP90 and cleaved caspase-3 expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Apoptosis and transfection efficiency were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell viability assays were used to evaluate safety. We found HSP72, HSC70 and HSP90 expression to be absent or weak in normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1), but uniformly strong in prostate cancerous cells (VCaP). UTMD combined with dual targeting of HSP72 and HSC70 siRNA improve the efficiency of transfection, cell uptake of siRNA, downregulation of HSP70 and HSP90 expression in VCaP cells at the mRNA and protein level, and induction of extensive tumor-specific apoptosis. Cell counting kit-8 assays showed decreased cellular viability in the HSP72/HSC70-siRNA silenced group. These results suggest that the combination of UTMD with dual targeting HSP70 therapy for PCa may be most efficacious, providng a novel, reliable, non-invasive, safe targeted approach to improve the specific and efficient delivery of siRNA, and achieve maximal effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7127-7131
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• 2013

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC). A case-control study including 388 controls and 387 patients with CRC was conducted in a Chinese population. Information about socio-demography and living behavior factors was collected by a structured questionnaire. Three SNPs (rs2133579, rs2269349, rs7641291) in RPSA gene were genotyped by Illumina SnapShot method. Multiple logistic regression models were used for assessing the joint effects between tea consumption and SNPs on CRC. The subjects with rs2269349 CC genotype had a decreased risk for CRC (OR=0.60; 95%CI = 0.37-0.99), compared with TT/CT genotype after adjustment for covariates. A similar association of rs2269349 with rectal cancer was observed (OR=0.49; 95%CI=0.24-1.00). Further analyses indicated that this SNP could modify the protective effect of tea drinking on CRC. Among the subjects with rs2269349 TT/CT or rs2133579 AA/GA, there was a marginal significantly lower risk of CRC (OR and 95%CI: 0.63 and 0.39-1.01 for rs2269349; 0.64 and 0.40-1.02 for rs2133579) in tea-drinking subjects in comparison to non-tea-drinking subjects. Mutants in the RPSA gene might be associated with genetic susceptibility to CRC and influence the protective effect of tea consumption in the Chinese population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7489-7496
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate enhancement of anti-tumor effects of the lentogenic Newcastle disease virus Clone30 strain (NDV rClone30) expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) gene against tumor cells and in murine groin tumor-bearing models. Cytotoxic effects of the rClone30-CD/5-FC on the HepG2 cell line were examined by an MTT method. Anti-tumor activity of rClone30-CD/5-FC was examined in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Compared to the rClone30-CD virus treatment alone, NDV rClone30-CD/5-FC at 0.1 and 1 MOIs exerted significant cytotoxic effects (P<0.05) on HepG2 cells. For treatment of H22 tumor-bearing mice, recombinant NDV was injected together with 5-FC given by either intra-tumor injection or tail vein injection. When 5-FC was administered by intra-tumor injection, survival for the rClone30-CD/5-FC-treated mice was 4/6 for 80 days period vs 1/6, 0/6 and 0/6 for the mice treated with rClone30-CD, 5-FC and saline alone, respectively. When 5-FC was given by tail vein injection, survival for the rClone30-CD/5-FC-treated mice was 3/6 vs 2/6, 0/6 and 0/6 for the mice treated with rClone30-CD, 5-FC or saline alone, respectively. In this study, NDV was used for the first time to deliver the suicide gene for cancer therapy. Incorporation of the CD gene in the lentogenic NDV genome together with 5-FC significantly enhances cell death of HepG2 tumor cells in vitro, decreases tumor volume and increases survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2006

PFC(Perfluorocarbon) decontamination process is one of best methods to remove hot particulate adhered on the inner surface of hot cell and surface of equipment in hot cell. It was necessary to develop a filtration equipment to reuse the PFC waste solution generated on PFC decontamination due to the high cost of PFC solution and for minimization of the volume of second waste solution. The filtration equipment was developed to remove hot particulate in PFC waste solution. It was made suitable size and weight in consideration of hot cell gate and crane. And it has wheels for easy movement. Flux of the filtration equipment decreased with particulate concentration increase. It consists of pre-filter($1.4{\mu}m$) and final-filter($0.2{\mu}m$) for protection of the flux decrease along filtration time. It treatment capacity of waste solution is 0.2 L/min.