• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton. This study was done by the comparison to two costal areas Mokpo, which inflow fresh water, and Wando. In August, salinity of the sea water decreased by 3.5-4.5%o in Mokpo coastal area, but was not nearly decreased in Wando coastal area. This suggests a lot of fresh water inflow in Mokpo coastal area. DIN and DIP were decreased by water temperature increasing in Wando. However, in Mokpo, DIN and DIP were increased greatly during the summer season. Nitrogen was limited to a 10 NIP ratio especially during the summer season in Wando coastal area while phosphorus in Mokpo coastal area was limited with over 28 N/P ratio in all the seasons. Coefficient of determination$(r^2)$ between DIP and Chl.-a was 0.91 in Mokpo coastal area. On the other hand, Coefficient of determination$(r^2)$ between Chl.-a and DIN, DIP were 0.93 and 0.89, respectively, in Wando coastal area. These results suggest DIP in Mokpo and DIN and DIP in Wando might be limited at the increase of phytoplankton.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2006

Distribution of zooplankton communities was sampled vertically with a NORPAC net investigated in costal area of Wando from 30, August at 7 stations. A total of 37 taxa were sampled with a total abundance of zooplankton ranged from $147{\sim}1,696indiv.\;m^{-3}$. Evadne tergestina, Acartia pacifica, Paracalanus parvus s. 1, Decapod larvae, Sagitta crassa were dominant species in coastal area of Wando and they contributed 90% of mean abundance of total zooplankton. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among the three regions: the site 1 (A), the middle part of the sampling area (B) and other sites (C). The number and abundance of zooplankton varied significantly among the three regions (p < 0.05). Of these, the distribution of zooplankton communities in the coastal area of Wando was controlled by Tsushima Warn Current and bottom cold water of Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.54-66
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• 2016

Productivity of Saccharina japonica was evaluated by water layers in Gijang and Wando sea area to find the suitable farming areas for mass production of biomass. For this, S. japonica was cultivated at various depths (0.5, 1, 2, 3 m), respectively. As the result, the growths in Gijang were 225.1-261.5 cm in length, 18.5-21.3 cm in widths, 396.0-537.7 g in weights, 14.3-17.8 kg/cluster in biomass, and those in Wando were 332.0-435.7 cm in lengths, 24.6-32.5 cm in widths, 766.0-1,232.9 g in weights, 16.4-24.3 kg/cluster in biomass. It showed that the growths of blades in Wando were faster than those in Gijang. The growth rates of blades by the depths were faster at 0.5-1 m depth from January to June. After June, however, as the growth rates of blades were lower than the shedding rates of blades, it showed that the growth of S. japonica decreased at all depth conditions except 2 m depth. Productivity of S. japonica was better in Wando which is lower in the water temperature and nutrients than Gijang.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.880-891
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients intakes and nutritional quality of Adults and Elderly People in an island area (Wando). A three-day dietary intakes survey, using a 24 hour recall method was obtained from 187 subjects aged 46 to 84 (mean age 65.3) living in an island area (Wando). Nutient intakes were analyzed using CAN-Pro soft program and compared to Korean RDA. The quality of nutrients was assessed by analyzing nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ). The average daily mean energy intakes were 1869.0 kcal for males and 1943.9 kcal for females, respectively. Daily intakes of protein for males and females were 28.0 and 30.4 g and those of fat were 31.5 and 28.51 g, respectively. Nutrient consumed below $75\%$ of Korean RDA was protein, vitamin A, Ca and Zn in both males and females. Average CPF ratio of males and females were 78.8 : 6.0 : 15.1 and 80.0 : 6.4 13.4, respectively. Energy intake ratio from protein was significantly higher in over 60 years males. Carbohydrate dependency decreased with age. Protein dependency increased with age. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of energy, protein vitamin A and vitamin E were increased with age in males. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, were not significantly different by age group. Average MAR for males and females was 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) showed the tendency to decrease with age. Especially, there were significantly decreases in INQ of all nutrients, except protein, with age. Based on these results, it is evident that people in the island area did not consume enough nutrients. Specially, dietary intake of protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, and Ca were not adequate. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $880\∼891$, 2005)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

In order to grasp physical characteristics of Ganajin Bay receiving the effluents from land, a comprehensive field surve)'has been conducted at the north of Wando and Gogeumdo in 2002. Water temperature was most high in September while most low in December. A high temperature in September was inferred to have caused by the dispersion of warm fresh water with favor of a dominant wind in autumn. However, salinity and sigma-t in situ was most low in September while most high in December. A low salinity (or density) in September turned out to reflect the influence of a dense rainfall in summer. Water temperature, salinity and density at the surface layer were lower than those at the bottom layer, except for December. Their horizontal profiles suggested the influence of effluents such as Tamjin River. Particularly, time series of water temperature acquired near the sluice and at the north channel of Wando tended to rise at the flood flow but fall at the ebb flow in accordance with the tide. The form ratio of the tide in the study area was $0.31\~0.32$ and the amplitude of the tide appeared to increase towards the west. Northeastward or southwestward flows prevailed in this area but the residual flows were all northeastward with a magnitude of $3\~4cm/s$.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

The aim of this study was estimated the characteristics of the wave propagation by the water level conditions using a numerical modeling method at the Wando sea area. For three cases numerical simulation on the condition of incident and incoming of the deepwater design wave and the season normal wave, the spatial distribution of the incident wave at study area were investigated. And the calculated numerical modeling results were compared with measured field wave data. According to on-site wave data measured for 18 days, the range of the significant wave height and period were 0.10~1.14 m, 4.35~8.74 sec, respectively, and the maximum wave height were 0.15~1.66 m. From the results of numerical model for offshore design wave incident, the wave height attacked from Southern-East direction at this study area were over maximum 10.5 m because of rapidly change of water depth. Numerical modeling by three water level conditions of Approxmate Lowest Low Water Level(Approx. L.L.W), Mean Sea Level(M.S.L) and Approximate Highest High Water Level(Approx. H.H.W) were practiced. From the results for the case of Approx. H.W.L, variations of wave height at the back area of islands were about 1.6 m at maximum value for the case of deepwater design wave incoming. The significant wave heights of winter season were bigger than summer under normal wave condition, the incident wave height over 5.5 m decreased by shielding effect of islands. The change of maximum wave height at summer season were distinct than winter and was about 1.2 m and 0.8 m, respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2013

The sea traffic volume in Southwest sea including Wando area have increased every year. However the improvement of the facilities for convenience and safety in port and sea was not enough to meet the increasing demand of traffic and passengers' need. This study dealt with the situations and status of passenger ship traffic system in Wando area. In addition to, questionnaire survey of passenger ship user in Wando area was carried out in order to research the improvement of marine traffic system. On the basis of the result, navigation risks in the area was analysed. The institutional system such as passenger ship fare, enhanced traffic system that can improve marine traffic environment in the area were suggested and examined. The urgent issue was the scattered fishing ground near fairway which makes narrow passage and can cause risky passeger ship's navigation. In the side of passeger ship's operation, the wage of cargo handling was relatively expensive that needed to be improved.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.249-249
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.41-59
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• 2001

Recently, as the coastal trading is being increased rapidly, risk of collision being increased especially in the coastal route near around the port of Wando. In this paper, with the reference to various literatures and papers on collision avoidance rules, the navigational rules and regulations for the coastal area-especially for the narrow channel-are construed and introduced in brief. Also, 3 collision cases near around the port of Wando and statistical data during 5 years(1996 to 2000) are studied. The results of this study are as follows; 1. It is strongly recommended to separate the route of east-bound and west-bound in this area due to removing the risk of collision between the vessels in reciprocal way. 2. The owner of the fleet should lead that the master should con the vessel by himself when passing this area. 3. For the introduction of the Coastal VTS, it is required to investigate the capability to cooperate with military radar sites which based on all over the coast.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 1994

Petrochemical study on the micrographic granite distributed in the Wando area, the southernmost part of the Yeongdong-Kwangju depression is performed to investigate the petrogenesis and differentiation processes of the granitic magma. Polarized light microscopy for modal analyses, electron probe microanalyses of feldspars and biotite, inductively coupled plasma analyses for major and trace element contents were adopted in the study. The lithology of the study area consists of Precambrian metasediments, Mesozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and micrographic granite which intrude into the former. The micrographic granite in the Wando area are distributed in the shape of a cauldron. Modal and nonnative mineral analyses of the micrographic granite fall in the area of granite and granodiorite. The chemical composition indicates that the micrographic granite is I-type and magnetite series. The micrographic granite is characterized by more than 90% of micrographic texture in volume percent. Feldspars in the micrographic granite is alkali feldspars (Or, 45~93) and plagioclases (albite to oligoclase). The biotite has a intermediate composition between phlogopite and annite solid solution. The results of the petrochemical studies indicate that the granitic magma of calc-alkaline source materials reactivated in a compressional environment at the continental margin, and then was differentiated by fractional crystallization. The micrographic granite intruded into a shallow level of the crust (5~7 km) in the late Cretaceous.