• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.59
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of murals in the restaurant and its correlation with interior space. A field survey has been done by visiting 9 Western food restaurants and 9 Oriental food restaurants. Detail recording of mural content has been made and photographs of wall painting have been taken. The survey results are as follows; Firstly, majority of murals were painting technique on the wall directly with paint. Secondly, main theme of mural in the Western food restaurant are flower and plant whereas that of Oriental food restaurant are customs of each country and letter characters. Thirdly, the theme of mural has correlation with food served in the restaurant and the theme represents major character of the restaurant. Fourthly, there were analogy among the interior space elements such as finishing materials and colors. Only exception was murals in the Western food restaurant which shows contrast in its form with interior space. Fifthly, the physical and visual weight of mural was significant in most of cases. Even if the painting is not physically large and is not visually noticeable, it plays an important role in image formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.83-84
• /
• 2006

For phase transition method, good recording sensitivity, low heat radiation, fast crystallization and hi-resolution are essential. Also, A retention time is very important part for phase transition. In our presentation wall, we chose Ge-Se-Te material to use a Se material which has good optical sensitivity than Sb. A Ge-Se-Te sample was fabricated and Irradiated with He-Ne laser and DPSS laser to investigate a reversible phase change by light.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.343-354
• /
• 2008

A new method is suggested herein to measure the virgin earth stresses by means of a borehole. This novel concept is basically a combination of borehole stress relieving and borehole fracturing techniques. The destressing of the borehole is achieved by means of inducing thermal tensile stresses at the borehole periphery by using a cryogenic fluid such as Liquid Nitrogen($LN_2$). The borehole wall eventually develops fractures when the induced thermal stresses exceed the existing compressive stresses at the borehole periphery in addition to the tensile strength of the rock. The above concept is theoretically analyzed for its potential applicability to interpret in situ stress levels from the tensile fracture stresses and the corresponding borehole wall temperatures. Coupled thermo-mechanical numerical simulations are also conducted using FLAC3D, with thermal option, to check the validity of the proposed techniques. From the preliminary theoretical and numerical analysis, the method suggested for the measurement of in situ stresses appears to be capable of accurate estimation of the virgin stresses by monitoring tensile crack formation at a borehole wall and recording the wall temperatures at the time of crack initiation.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2010

The attachment of inducer in front of main impeller is a powerful method to improve cavitation performance; however, cavitation surge oscillation with low frequency occurs with blade cavity growing to each throat section of blade passage simultaneously. Then, one conceptual method of installing suction axi-asymmetrical plate has been proposed so as to keep every throat passage away from being unstable at once, and the effect on suppression of the oscillation were investigated. In the present study, cavitation behaviors in the inducer is observed with distributing multi-cameras circumferentially, recording simultaneously and reconstructing multi-photos on one plane field as moving a linear cascade. Observed results are utilized for discussion with other measuring results as casing wall pressure distribution. Then the suppression mechanism of oscillation by installing axi-asymmetrical inlet plate will be clarified in more details.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2003

Photoplethysmogram is widely used to measure heart rate and arterial blood oxygen saturation in human. This paper describes radial pulse waves recorded by photoplethysmogram with 940 nm wavelength infra red light. Radial pulse waves were varied according to the recording site. When recorded on the skin over radial artery, the radial pulse wave was inverted, comparing to the photoplethysmogram at fingertip. The mechanism of inverted pulse wave seemed to be caused by the change of the blood volume in the subcutaneous tissue between radial artery and the skin, which was reduced during systolic period and increased during diastolic period of the cardiac cycle. These results suggest that radial arterial wall may reflect infra red ray.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2000

The turbulent heat transfer from a round oblique impinging jet on a concave surface were experimentally investigated. The transient measurement method using liquid crystal was used in this study. In this measurement, a preheated wall was suddenly exposed to an impinging jet while recording the response of liquid crystals to measure surface temperature. The Reynolds numbers were 11000, 23000 and 50000, nozzle-to-surface distance ratio was from 2 to 10 and the surface angles were a =$0^{\circ}\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}and\;40^{\circ}$. Correlations of the stagnation point Nusselt numbers with Reynolds number, jet-to-surface distance ratio and dimensionless surface angle, which account for the surface inclined angle, are presented. The maximum Nusselt numbers, in this experiment, occurred in the direction of upstream. The displacement of the maximum Nusselt number from the stagnation point increases with increasing surface angle or decreasing nozzle-to-surface distance. In this experiment, the maximum displacement is about 0.7 times of the jet nozzle diameter when surface curvature, D/d is 10.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 1991

Recently, the trend of research in hard coating is concentrate on developing the process of ionization rate under low operating pressure, to get the thin film with high adhesion and dense microstructures. In this study ionization rate enhancement type PVD process using permanent magnet is developed, which enhances the ionization rate by confining the plasma suppressing the wall loss of electron. By the result to investigate the characteristic of glow discharge, the ionization rate of this process is enhanced about twice as high as that of triod BARE process (about 26%), and more dense TiN microstructures are obtained in this process. Cylindrical ion energy analyzer is made and attached in front of a quadrupole mass filter for the analysis of the energy distribution of reactive gas and activated gas ions from the plasma zone. To analyze the operation mechanism of ion energy analyzer, computer simulation is performed by calculation the electric field environment using finite element method. By these analyses of ion energy distribution of outcoming ions from the plasma zone, it is found that magnetic field enhances ion kinetic energy as well as ionization rate. The other results of this study is that the foundation of feed-back system is constructed, which automatically control the partial pressure of reactive gas. In can be possible by recording the data of mass spectrum and ion energy analysis using A-D converter.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 1995

Measurements of the local heat transfer coeffcients on a spherically concave surface with a round impinging jet are presented. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds numbers used were 1,000, 23,000 and 50,000 and the nozzle-to-jet distance was L/d=2, 4, 6, 8, 10. Presented results are compared to previous measurements for flat plate. In the experiment, the local heat transfer Nusselt numbers on a concave surface are higher than those on a flat plate. Maximum Nusselt number at all region occured at L/d=6 and second maximum in the Nusselt number occured at R/d=2 for both Re=50,000 and Re=23,000 in case of L/d=2 and for only Re=50,000 in case of L/d=4. All other cases exhibit monotonically decreasing value of the Nusselt number along the curved surface.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.691-699
• /
• 1997

The effects of concave hemispherical surface curvature on the local heat transfer from a turbulent round impinging jet were experimentally investigated. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds number ranges from Re=11,000 to 50,000, the nozzle-to- surface distance from L/d=2 to 10, and the surface curvature from D/d=6 to 12.The present results are also compared to those for the flat plate case. In the experiment, the local Nusselt numbers tend to increase in all regions with an increasing surface curvature. The maximum Nusselt number for all Reynolds numbers occurred at L/d .ident. 6 and a second maximum in the Nusselt number occurred at R/d .ident. 2 for both Re=23,000 and Re=50,000 in the case of L/d=2 and for Re=50,000 only in the case of L/d=4. Meanwhile, as the surface curvature increases, the value of the secondary maximum Nusselt number decreases. All the other cases exhibit monotonically decreasing values of the Nusselt number along the curved surface. The stagnation point Nusselt numbers are well correlated with Re, L/d, and D/d.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 1974

The traditional cryoscopic measurement had performed by inconvenient manual operation which accompanies various unavoidable errors. For example, the irregularity of hand stirring, difference of visual angle in reading Beckmann thermometer and furthermore, its large heat capacity acts as the decreasing effect of the sensitivity. In these studies, the author devised new automatically measuring cryoscopic apparatus with temperature recording system in which temperature variation is changed to electric current. The light beam from the galvanometer is absorbed by the photographic paper on the rotating cylinder. On the other hand, the use of sodium sulfate decahydrate in cryoscopy causes considerable error, because small crystal particles adhere on the upper wall of the measuring tube. As an improvement, anhydrous sodium sulfate is used and then the desired amount of water is added.