• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

Purpose : The goal of this study is to examine the effect of robot assisted gait training (RAGT) on the kinematic factors (temporospatial gait parameters, gait cycle ratio, and gait line length) of gait in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of this study were 24 stroke patients selected by inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: robot assisted gait training (n=11) and general neurological physical therapy group (n=11). In the robot-assisted gait training group, robot-assisted gait training was mediated for 30 minutes a day in addition to general neurological physical therapy. The general neurological physical therapy group was mediated by general neurological physical therapy for 30 minutes a day in addition to general neurological physical therapy. The number of interventions was 5 times a week for 5 weeks. In order to compare the kinematic factors of walking between the two groups, gait analysis was performed before and after 5 weeks of training using the Zebris gait analysis system. Results : As a result of the gait analysis of the two groups, there were significant differences in temporospatial gait variables (step length, stride length, step width, step time, stride time), gait cycle ratio (swing phase, stance phase) and gait line length. However, there was no significant difference in the cadence (temporospatial gait parameters) in the robot assisted gait training group compared to general neurological physical therapy group. Conclusion : It is considered to be a useful treatment for stroke patients to promote the recovery of gait function in stroke patients. Based on the results of this study, continuous robot assisted gait training treatment is considered to have a positive effect on gait ability, the goal of stroke rehabilitation. In the future, additional studies should be conducted on many subjects of stroke patients, the kinematic factors of the legs according to the severity of stroke and treatment period, and the effect of gait training.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

When situated in green landscapes, water bodies play a crucial role in positively influencing mood and mental health, yet research on the cognitive mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects is lacking. This study is intended to examine differences in brain function among adult males exposed to forest landscapes with or without water bodies. The wooded landscapes included views of a waterfall, a valley, and a forest without water. The control group was exposed to a local urban landscape. Twelve adult males participated in a field experiment in which prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In the experiment, participants engaged in low-intensity walking in three forested areas with similar vegetation and climatic conditions. Participants showed significant differences in left PFC activity depending on whether they were in the three forested landscapes or in the control landscape (P < 0.01). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that significantly lower left PFC activity was recorded in the wooded landscape containing a water view . Notably, the lowest PFC values recorded in the landscape with a waterfall view suggest that landscapes with dynamic water flow may be associated with greater therapeutic benefits in terms of PFC activity than static landscapes. Our results underscore that water is a critical aspect of a landscape due to its therapeutic benefits and should be incorporated in the planning and design of green spaces for health promotion.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.125-141
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition, cardiopulmonary function, serum lipid level and antioxidants of obese and normal college female students. The subject group was made up of 13 normal students (below 30% body fat ratio) and 12 obese students (above 30% body fat ratio). After a pretest, the subjects were given an 8-week aerobic program. Then the subjects were given a posttest and analyzed of body composition, serum lipid level, antioxidants and cardiopulmonary function after the 6th and the 8th week of the program. The program schedule was made up of 4 days per week, 60 minutes per day. Test includes B.W., subscapular and triceps subcutaneous fat thickness, change of respiratory gas, and two blood sampling before treadmill exercise and post all out state, which analyzed serum lipid and antioxidants. The subjects performed treadmill exercise starting with 4km/hr of walking and then gradually increase the speed of 1km/hr per minute until all out state. The obtained data were analyzed using SAS program. The statistical methods employed here were one-way ANOVA with repeated measure, Duncan Multiple range test, paired-t test and t-test. The test results and conclusion of this research were as follows. 1. The effects of aerobic exercise on body composition were as follows ; Percent body fat was significantly reduced 6 weeks after the program and lean body mass was significantly increased 8 weeks after the program in both groups(obese group: F=3.44 P=.044, normal group: F=3.30 P=.048). subscapular skinfold of the obese group showed a remarkable decrease after the 6th week(F=4.33 P=.021) triceps skinfold of the normal group showed a remarkable decrease after the 6th and the 8th week(F=4.55 P=.017) compared with readings before the aerobic program, the aerobic program made a bigger difference concerning body fat, lean body mass, subscapular skinfold in the obese group than in the normal group(t=2.41 P=.024, t=2.40 p=.025, t=2.43 p=.028). 2. The effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function were as follows ; Maximal $O_2$ uptake/kg was significantly increased 6 weeks after the program in the obese group(F=3.20 P=.054), but not much difference was observed in the normal group. Maximal pulse rate was significantly reduced in both groups after 6 weeks of the program(obese group: F=2.77 P=.087, normal group: F=7.17 P=.001). 3. The effects of aerobic exercise on serum lipid level were as follows ; In a resting period, total cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were slightly higher in the obese group than in the normal group, but HDL-cholesterol was higher in the normal group. But, with the aerobic program, total-cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol were reduced gradually and HDL-choleterol got increased in both groups, but not much change was noticed in the normal group. However, in the obese group, serum HDL-cholesterol level got increased significantly(F=5.12 P=.012). 4. The effects of aerobic exercise in serum antioxidants were as follows ; In a resting period, the obese group's serum Free Radical and GSSG content were higher than the normal group's and the normal group's serum GSH content was higher than the obese group's. After 6 weeks of the aerobic program, Free Radical was reduced significantly in both groups(obese group: F=13.87 P=.000, normal group: F=18.60 P=.000) In the obese group, 8 weeks after the program, GSH was increased significantly(F=13.78, P=.000). In the normal group, 6 weeks after the program, GSH was reduced but increased again after 8 weeks(F=6.07 P=.005). Plasma GSSG was significantly increased after 8 weeks of exercise in both groups(obese group: F=19.75 P=.000, normal group: F=22.42 P=.000,) Compared with readings before the aerobic program, the aerobic program made a bigger difference serum GSH in the normal group than in the obese group(t=3.37 p=.003). As this result shows, it is known that the regular aerobic exercise improves cardiopulmonary function, body composition, serum lipid effectively and through the serum Free Radical reduction and antioxidant system activation, oxidant stress was suppressed. This effect was higher in the obese group than in the normal one. At least 6weeks exercise period need for improvement of body composition, cardiopulmonary function and activation of antioxidant system. This result suggest that improvement of serum lipid profile was needed longer than 8weeks exercise period.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.712-716
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• 2010

Purpose: Extensive lumbosacral defects after removal of spinal tumors have a high risk of wound healing problems. Therefore it is an effective reconstructive strategy to provide preemptive soft tissue coverage at the time of initial spinal surgery, especially when there is an instrument exposure. For soft tissue reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect, a variation of the gluteal flap is the first-line choice. However, the musculocutaneous flap or muscle flap that is conventionally used, has many disadvantages. It damages gluteus muscle and causes functional disturbance in ambulation, has a short pedicle which limits areas of coverage, and can damage perforators, limiting further surgery that is usually necessary in spinal tumor patients. In this article, we present the superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap that reconstructs complex lumbosacral defects successfully, especially one that has instrument exposure, without damaging the ambulatory function of the patient. Methods: A 67 year old man presented with sacral sarcoma. Sacralectomy with L5 corpectomy was performed and resulted in a $15{\times}8\;cm$ sized complex soft tissue defect in the lumbosacral area. There was no defect in the skin. Sacral stabilization with alloplastic fibular bone graft and reconstruction plate was done and the instruments were exposed through the wound. A $18{\times}8\;cm$ sized superior gluteal artery perforator flap was designed based on the superior gluteal artery perforator and deepithelized. It was turned over 180 degrees into the lumbosacral dead space. Soft tissue from both sides of the wound was approximated over the flap and this provided in double padding over the instrument. Results: No complications such as hematoma, flap necrosis, or infection occurred. Until three months after the resection, functional disturbances in walking were not observed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan shows the flap volume was well maintained over the instrument. Conclusion: This superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap, a modification of the conventional superior gluteal artery perforator flap, is a simple method that enabled the successful reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect with instrument exposure without affecting ambulatory function.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 충격흡수 및 통기기능 인솔을 적용한 개발 전투화의 족저압력 및 온도변화를 연구하는데 있다. 남성 피험자 11명(age: $21.8{\pm}2.2yrs$, height: $174.3{\pm}3.6cm$, weight: $71.6{\pm}8.6kg$, foot length: $261.0{\pm}1.0mm$)을 대상으로 총 3종류 전투화의 족저압력 및 온도 변화를 비교하였다: 전투화 A(보급형 일반 전투화), 전투화 B(통기구가 적용된 개발 전투화), 전투화 C(전투화 B에 통기기능 및 충격흡수용 인솔 적용). 족저압력 측정을 위해 Pedar-X를 사용하였고, 전투화의 내부온도는 휴대용 써미스터의 온도센서를 사용하였다. 전투화의 종류별 족저압력 및 온도 변화결과를 비교하기 위해 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시한 결과, 첫째, 족저압력 변인에서, 기능성 인솔을 적용한 전투화 C가 전투화 A보다 오른발/왼발 후족부의 최대족저압력에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, 전투화 C가 전투화 B보다 왼발 후족부의 평균족저압력에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 압력을 나타내었다. 둘째, 내부온도에서 보행시작 후 40분경과 시점부터 개발 전투화인 B, C가 일반 전투화인 A보다 낮은 내부 온도를 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2016

본 연구는 아급성기 뇌졸중 환자에서 로봇 보조치료법이 운동능력 및 기능적인 회복에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 환자 53명이 연구에 참여하였다. 로봇보조 보행치료군은 고식적인 치료에 추가로 Lokomat$^{(R)}$ 이용하여 하루에 삼십분씩, 일주일에 5회, 4주 동안 시행하였으며, 대조군은 고식적인 치료에 추가로 하루에 삼십분씩 고식적인 치료를 시행 받았다. 모든 환자들은 임상지표의 비교를 위해, 치료 전과 4주간의 치료 후 Fugl-Meyer assessment, Motricity index, functional ambulation category, Berg balance scale, 10m 보행검사, 한국판 수정 바델지수, 한국판 간이 정신 상태검사와 벡 우울증 척도를 평가 받았다. 환자들은 기능회복과 체성 감각 유발전위 검사 결과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 유발 전위 검사를 시행하였다. 아급성기 뇌졸중 환자에서 로봇 보조 보행치료군에서 대조군에 비해 하지의 운동기능, 보행 능력, 일상생활능력의 유의한 호전이 나타났다. 체성 감각 유발 전위 검사의 결과는 임상 지표들의 관련성 분석에서 Motricity index와 한국판 수정 바델지수와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타나 아급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 기능을 예측하는데 유용할 것으로 생각된다. 로봇 보조 보행치료는 아급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 운동기능과 보행기능의 회복을 촉진하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.616-627
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• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone and medetomidine/midazolam as preanesthetics and their combinations with antagonists in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Eight clinically healthy dogs($4.54{\pm}2.16kg$) were used at the interval of more than 14 days between experiments in turn for propionyl promazine(PP 0.3mg/kg, IM), xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone(XFA 2mg/kg, 0.0137mg/kg, 0.11mg/kg, IM), medetomidine/midazolam(MM 0.02mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, IM), combination of XFA and their antagonists (yohimbine 0.05mg/kg, naloxon 0.0005mg/kg, IV) and combination of MM and their antagonist(atipamezole 0.08mg/kg IM). The sedation induction times in XFA($2.56{\pm}1.01min$) and MM($5.44{\pm}2.07min$) groups were significantly better than that of PP group($10.75{\pm}2.38min$)(p < 0.05). The thiopental sodium dose required for tracheal intubation in XFA($2.38{\pm}3.38mg/kg$) and MM($3.91{\pm}3.47mg/kg$) groups were significantly less than that of PP group($12.57{\pm}2.13mg/kg$)(p < 0.05). All time indices expressing the recovery(pedal reflex recurrence time, extubation time, arousal time, standing time and walking time) were significantly shorter in the combination groups of XFA or MM with their antagonists than in PP, XFA and MM groups(p < 0.05). The suppressions of cardiovascular function of XFA and MM were more than that of PP. Heart rate and cardiac output were recovered by the antagonists of XFA and MM, but mean arterial pressure were not recovered by the antagonists. PP induced apnea in 4 out of 8 dogs, but XFA in none and MM in one. The present study suggested that for rapid sedation, prevention of apnea after intubation and rapid recovery after halothane cessation, combinations of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone or medetomidine/midazolam with their antagonists are recommendable as preanesthetic method in gas anesthetised dogs with normal cardiovascular function.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제20집
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• pp.75-96
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• 2004

누정은 대체로 승경의 요처에 자리하여 상자연의 풍류를 극대화하고 있는 장소이다. 이러한 곳이기에 조선조 사인들은 누정을 소유하는 것이 평생의 꿈이었다. 그러므로 누정과 관련된 문학작품은 여러 장르에 걸쳐 많을 수밖에 없다. 여기서는 누정시조를 누정의 기능과 관련하여 그 특성을 살펴보았다. 그것을 요약하면 다음과 같다 첫째 누정은 경관이 좋은 곳에 자리 잡고 있음으로 산수자연을 감상하기에 좋은 장소이다. 사방이 트인 공간이기에 돌아다니면서 경관을 볼 필요가 없다. 그러므로 누정시조에서의 산수자연은 여타의 산수유람 시조의 감상태도와는 차이가 있다. 즉 산수유람 시조는 장소를 이동하면서 산수자연을 감상하는 모습이 나타나는 반면 누정시조는 한자리에서 '눈돌리기‘만으로 산수자연을 앙관, 부찰, 원망한다는 점이 다른 것이다. 둘째, 누정은 학문수양 및 강학의 공간으로 기능하기도 한다. 누정은 상대적으로 막히고 답답한 공간인 서원에 비해 교육효과가 높을 수 있다. 그러기에 이곳은 학문수양과 강학을 하는 등 서원과 같은 역할을 했다. 더 나아가 산수자연을 감상하면서 그 속에서 자연의 이치를 깨닫기도 하고 호연지기를 기르는 공간이기도 하다. 이러한 유형의 시조는 대부분 한시와 같이 전해지며 성현의 이름이나 고전의 문구가 작품 속에 등장한다는 특징을 지닌다 셋째. 누정은 계회 및 시회의 공간으로 기능한다. 누정 주인의 요청에 의해 시적 교류가 이루어지고 이런 시적교류는 후에 시단 및 가단 형성의 중요한 동기가 된다. 넷째, 누정은 유오적 주연의 기능을 한다. 단순한 유오적 주연의 공간이라 하더라도 개방적인 누정의 특성상 사대부로서의 일탈된 면모가 나타나지 않는다. 하지만 누정이라도 폐쇄성이 있는 경우는 사대부들의 긴장이 이완된 형태의 작품이 나타나기도 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

인공무릎관절의 수명에 직접적인 영향을 주는 인자는 접촉면에 대한 접촉면적과 압력분포이다 따라서. 이에 대한 실험적인 평가가 필요하였고 knee simulator 혹은 K-scan sensor를 포함한 시스템과 같은 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 지금까지 보행주기에 따른 연속적인 인공관절 운동에 대한 접촉면의 압력분포를 실시간으로 분석한 연구는 미흡하다 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 보행주기를 모사하는 simulator와 I-scan을 이용하여 연속적인 동작에 따른 접촉면의 압력분포를 분석함에 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 이루기 위해서 생체내 인공관절 환경을 정확히 표현할 수 있는 knee simulator를 제작하였다. 네 방향의 자유도를 갖고 있는 본 simulator는 soft tissue의 기능을 포함하고 있고 PC Program을 통하여 압축하중과 femoral component의 굴곡각을 조절할 수 있다. 본 시스템의 I-scan sensor는 보행주기에 따른 압력분포를 분석할 수 있다. 보행주기에 대한 압력분포는 압축하중곡선에 따라 주요하게 변화함을 알 수 있고 운동성에 영향을 쿠는 압력중심의 위치도 변한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제작한 knee simulator는 보행주기 같은 특정의 운동정보를 이용하여 접촉면의 압력분포 및 운동성 같은 기계적 성능을 평가할 수 있고 형상 설계를 위한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있다.