• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

In recent years, robots have been actively used for children's creativity learning and play, but most robots have a stereotyped form and have a high dependency on the program, making it difficult to learn creativity and play. In order to compensate for these drawbacks, We have created a robot that can easily and reliably combine each other. The robot can memorize the desired operation and execute the memorized operation by using one button. Also, in case multiple modules are combined, pressing the button once on any module makes it possible to easily adjust the operation of all the combined modules. In order to verify the actual operation, two, three, and five modules are combined to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed structure and algorithm by implementing a gobbling motion and a walking robot. It is required to study intelligent modular robots that can control over the Internet by supplementing the wireless connection method.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.10-19
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• 2019

Background: In patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), lumbar flexion exercise (LFE) is considered a standard therapeutic exercise that widens the space between the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen. However, some researchers have reported that lumbar extension exercise (LEE) may improve lumbar pain and functional ability in patients with LSS. Although exercise intervention methods for patients with LSS have been widely applied in clinical settings, few studies have conducted comparative analysis of these exercise methods. Objects: This study aimed to compare the effects of LFE, LEE, and lumbar flexion combined with lumbar flexion-extension exercise (LFEE) on pain, range of motion (ROM), pelvic tilt angle, and functional gait ability in patients with LSS. Methods: A total of 30 patients with LSS, LFE (n1=10), LEE (n2=10), and LFEE (n3=10) were assigned to each of the three exercise groups. The numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), modified-modified schober test (MMST)-flexion, MMST-extension, pelvic tilt inclinometer, and 6-minute walking test (6MWT) were measured. Results: After the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the NPRS (p=.043), MMST-flexion (p<.001), MMST-extension (p<.001), and 6MWT (p=.005) between groups. According to the post hoc test, the NPRS was statistically significant difference between the LFEE and LEE groups (p=.034). The MMST-flexion was statistically significantly different between the LFE and LEE (p=.000), LFE and LFEE (p=.001), and LEE and LFEE (p=.001) groups. The MMST-extension was statistically significantly different between the LFE and LEE (p<.001), LFE and LFEE (p=.002), and LEE and LFEE (p=.008) groups. The 6MWT was statistically significantly different between the LFE and LFEE (p=.042) and the LEE and LFEE (p=.004) groups. Conclusion: This study suggested that LFEE was the most effective exercise for pain and functional gait ability in patients with LSS, LFE was the most effective exercise for lumbar flexion ROM, and LEE was the most effective exercise for lumbar extension ROM.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the falls on the center of pressure (CoP) complexity during gait using non-linear approximate entropy (ApEn). Method: 20 elderly women with experience of falling ($age=72.55{\pm}5.42yrs$; $height=154.40{\pm}4.26cm$; $body\;weight=57.40{\pm}6.21kg$; $preferred\;gait\;speed=0.52{\pm}0.17m/s$) and 20 elderly women with no experience of falling ($age=71.90{\pm}2.90yrs$; $height=155.28{\pm}4.73cm$; $body\;weight=56.70{\pm}5.241kg$; $preferred\;gait\;speed=0.56{\pm}0.13m/s$) were recruited for the study. While they were walking at their preferred gait speed on a treadmill (instrumented dual belt treadmills, Bertec, USA) with a force plate CoP data were collected for the 20 strides. The complexity of the CoP was analyzed using the ApEn technique. Results: The ApEn of the medial-lateral CoP in the fallers showed smaller about 16% compared to the non-fallers (p<.05). The ApEn of the antero-posterior CoP of the fallers showed smaller about 12% compared to the non-fallers, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the reduction of the medio-lateral CoP complexity in the elderly gait would be an index to determine the potential fall.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2022

Background: This study examined the effects of adding fibular repositioning taping (FRT) to ankle mobilization with movement taping (AMT) on the ankle range of motion (ROM), balance, and gait performance in patients with chronic stroke with limited ankle dorsiflexion. Methods: The participants were randomized into the control (n=15) and AMT+FRT groups (n=15). The control groups applied only non-elastic taping on the affected ankle, and the AMT+FRT groups also applied non-elastic taping to the inferior tibiofibular joint. Both groups performed treadmill walking for 10 minutes. The ankle dorsiflexion passive ROM, balance, gait velocity, and cadence were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed a significant difference after the intervention in the dorsiflexion ROM (p<.01), balance (p<.01), and gait performance (p<.01). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (p>.05). Conclusion: AMT improved ankle dorsiflexion passive ROM, balance, gait velocity, and cadence in patients with chronic stroke, but there was no difference between the two groups. Therefore, the addition of FRT to AMT does not influence the ankle dorsiflexion ROM, balance, and gait performance in patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2006

It is important to analyze the characteristics of normal gait in clinical and biomechanical aspects. Although gait characteristics can be varied by anthropometric, racial and cultural factors, normal gait studies have been performed mostly for Western people. The present study conducted a gait analysis for Korean young adults and compared the gait characteristics with those of Western people for the establishment of Korean normal gait data. A total of thirty-two adults in twenties(20 males and 12 females) were participated in the gait experiment and their spatio-temporal and kinematic/kinetic gait characteristics were analyzed. The comparison of the gait characteristics between Korean and Western people, revealed that the stride length and walking speed of Korean were significantly smaller than those of Western people by 0.1~0.3m and 0.15~0.40m/s respectively. And the knee abduction moment of Korean was larger than that of Western people, while the other moments(such as hip flexion/extension moments, abduction/adduction moments, and knee flexion/extension moments) were smaller than those of Western people. The ranges of joint angles between the gait studies were largely different with each other, but most of motion patterns and excursions were similar.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.4 s.247
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• pp.435-441
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• 2006

The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is an important stabilizer of knee joint. The ACL injury of knee is common and a serious ACL injury leads to ligament reconstruction surgery. Gait analysis is essential to identify knee condition of patients who display abnormal gait. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and classify knee condition of ACL deficient patients using a nonlinear dynamic method. The nonlinear method focuses on understanding how variations in the gait pattern change over time. The experiments were carried out for 17 subjects(l2 healthy subjects and five subjects with unilateral deficiency) walking on a motorized treadmill for 100 seconds. Three dimensional kinematics of the lower extremity were collected by using four cameras and KWON 3D motion analysis system. The largest Lyapunov exponent calculated from knee joint flexion-extension time series was used to quantify knee stability. The results revealed the difference between healthy subjects and patients. The deficient knee was significantly unstable compared with the contralateral knee. This study suggests an evaluation scheme of the severity of injury and the level of recovery. The proposed Lyapunov exponent can be used in rehabilitation and diagnosis of recoverable patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.454-466
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise program on cardiopulmonary functions and shoulder joint functioning in breast cancer patients who under- went radiation therapy after surgery. Method: Subjects in the experimental group(N=12) participated in an exercise program for eight weeks. The Exercise program consisted of shoulder stretching, arm weight training, and walking on treadmill. Maximal oxygen uptake (v2max), maximal running time, shoulder joint range of motion, and shoulder functional assessment were determined before and after the exercise program. Baseline sociodemographic and medical data were compared between experimental group and control group using the Fisher's exact test and Mann- Whitney U test. For effects of the exercise program, repeated measures ANOVA were used. Result: 1) Following the exercise program for eight weeks, both v$\alpha$ max and maximal running time tended to increase in experimental group comparing with the control group. 2) Shoulder abduction, extension and flexion of the operated upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). 3) Shoulder flexion of the normal upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the exercise program for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy after breast surgery can improve shoulder functions and increase cardiopulmonary functions, which are maximal oxygen uptake and maximal running time.

• Proceedings of the Society of Korea Industrial and System Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.291-296
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• 2002

The midsole hardness of athletic footwear affects capability of absorbing impact shock and controls rearfoot movement during running and walking. The prior studies were focused on examining the proper hardness of footwear for rearfoot movement or to finding effective hardness for absorbing impact shock. The displacements of maximal Achilles tendon angle described a amount of pronation motion is decreased when medial hardness of midsole is large more than lateral. Increasing hardness of footwear midsole are effected to reduce maximum and intial pronation angle, but declined the ability of impact shock during heelstrike. For determination of effectiveness hardness of midsole, therefore, the study that makes a compromise between rearfoot movement and absorbing impact during footstrike must be performed. The purpose of this study is to examine quantitative values of rearfoot control and absorbing impact shock with different hardness of medial and lateral midsole on heel portion. The results are useful to define biomechanical hardness of midsole for developing running shoes. As variable for impact shock, accelerations onto shank and knee are measured during 4 running speeds (5, 7, 9, 11km/h). Also, maximum and $10\%$ pronation angle (Achilles tendon angle) were measured using high-speed camera.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

A sensor system capable of automatically recognize activities would allow many potential Ubiquitous applications. This paper presents a new system for recognizing the activities of daily living(ADL) like walking, running, standing, sitting, lying etc. The system based on the state-dependent motion analysis using Tri-Accelerometer and Zigbee tag. Two accelerometers are used for the classification of body and hand activities. Classification of the environment and instrumental activities is performed based on the hand interaction with an object ID using.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the systematic breathing exercise program on recovery of patients with pneumothorax. Methods: An nonequivalent interrupted time-series control group posttest design was used. Participants were 40 inpatients (Experimental Group; 20, Control Group; 20) at the one University Hospital in U city. The systematic breathing exercise program including education on deep breathing exercise using incentive spirometry, Range of motion (ROM) exercise in shoulder joint, walking exercise and feedback were provided to the experimental group, while the control group carried out deep breathing exercise using incentive spirometry. The duration of chest tube insertion, duration of hospitalization, and frequency of analgesics use were measured. The data were analysed by a SPSS/WIN program. Results: The duration of chest tube insertion and duration of hospitalization in the experimental group were significantly shorter than the control group. However, there is no difference of the frequency of analgesics use between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion: The result showed that the systematic breathing exercise program was effective to improve recovery of patients with pneumothorax. This program can be applied in hospitals for patients with pneumothorax as one of the nursing intervention modalities.