• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1368-1373
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of waist size on the reliability and validity of pedometers to count steps in children and youth. The participants for this study were 20 children and youth, composed of 14 Hispanic and 6 Caucasian children. Ten children and youth had waist circumferences greater than the $85^{th}$ percentile (Body Mass Index (BMI)=$28.91\pm3.07$), and 10 children and youth had waist circumferences smaller than the $50^{th}$ percentile (BMI=$18.05\pm1.55$). To examine pedometer reliability, each child completed 3 ascent and descent trials up a set of 15 stairs while wearing a Yamax SW-701 pedometer. The main effect of trials was not statistically significant for the stair ascent trials F (2, 36)=2.575 or for the descent trials F (2, 36)=0.235. The trial by group interaction was also not statistically significant. To examine the influence of waist circumference on the validity of the pedometer in counting walking steps at a self-selected walking pace, the children and youth in the two groups completed a 400-m course. The main effect on the groups was statistically significant, F (1, 18)=7.489. The main effect of counting techniques was not statistically significant, F (1, 18)=2.983 (hand-counted vs. pedometer counted). Overall, the trial and trial by group interaction comparisons for the 400-m walk were not statistically significant, suggesting that the pedometer was equally valid as a tool for assessing walking steps in high waist circumference (HWC) and low waist circumference (LWC) in children and youth.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.277-282
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• 1999

Background: For effective and systematic management of patients in the emergency department(ED), the data on patient arrival and status in ED of Yeungnam University Hospital were evaluated. Materials and Methods: During the seven days from Apr. 1 to Apr. 7, 1998, the general patient information such as onset time and place, factors associated with transportation, causes of admission, cared department and patient disposition were recorded. Results: Total of 464 patients visited the ED during the seven days, and the mean number of patients per day was 66.3. Male to female ratio was 1:0.71. Daily staying patients were 17.3, and 83.6 patients were cared totally each day. The methods of transportation and distribution of patients according to region and event were as follows: visit by walk(57.3%). transportation by car(58.0%), place of event in residence(85.3%), regional distribution in Taegu(81.5%), and direct visit(97.4%). Cause of admission due to diseases was 74.6%. The percentages of departments which cared the patients were internal medicine 26.6%, pediatrics 16.8%, orthopedics 8.6%, neurology 8.2%, neurosurgery 7.8% and other department including emergency medicine 8.2%, respectively. Patient dispositions were admission 38.4%, discharge 61.0% and death on arrival(DOA) 0.6%, but referred patient-to-another-hospital was zero. Conclusion: Improvements in several aspects of ED's caring system such as "fast tracking" system and reinforcement of disease and trauma caring system, would be helpful for effective management of emergency patients.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

This study investigated basic data on walking characteristics, including walking speed and cognitive-response for the elderly, and based on these, the time of walking signal was calculated. The on-site survey examined the actual pedestrian crossing speed using a stopwatch, and the age was divided into groups of ordinary people and the elderly. Analysis of the data showed that the average walking speed for the general public was 1.29 m/s, while the average walking speed for the elderly was 1.13 m/s, higher than that of the general public. In addition, the lower speed of the 15th percentile was analyzed to 1.01 m/s for the general population and 0.85 m/s for the elderly, showing a lower walking speed than the standard for the general area and 0.8 m/s for the protected area. However, for senior citizens who use walking sticks or wheelchairs, the speed of the lower 15th-percentile is 0.73 m/s, which is lower than the current standard of protected areas, according to the analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

As car-oriented road policies have been made forward so far, relatively pedestrians' walking conditions are so in poor environments that more than two thousand pedestrians die from car accidents every year. Pedestrians' walking right has been severely invaded like that. Pedestrians' walking right is a right that people are able to walk safely and comfortably in pleasant surroundings as long as they don't threaten the public safety, order maintenance, and welfare. The government has an obligation to provide safe, comfortable, and pleasant environments to pedestrians. Recently interests in pedestrians' safety are increasing, government-driven supports have been made to make safe, pleasant, and healthy walking surroundings. As poor walking condition improvement projects cost high, they should be progressed to accomplish maximal effects using finite finances efficiently, and post feasibility evaluations of the projects should be severely estimated. However site selecting indicators which satisfy with the goal for composing safe working surroundings have not been decided yet, though currently it has a legal basis to specify walking condition improvement sites by the Law for Pedestrians' safety and Comfort Increasement. Therefore this study focuses on suggesting improved ways for selecting sites where pedestrians' safe environment project by reviewing previous research. When project sites are selected, evaluation indicators related to awareness survey of residents and history should be excluded, and disaster safety assessments for walking safety facilities, latent human hazards and natural disasters like a strong wind are proposed besides evaluations on pedestrians' safety and walking environment for matching with the purpose of the project to make safe working surroundings.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.33-39
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• 2013

When the eldery with limited mobility and disabled use a wheelchairs to move, it can cause decreased exercise ability like decline muscular strength in upper limb and lower extremities. The disabled people suffers with spinal cord injuries or post stroke hemiplegia are easily exposed to secondary problems due to limited mobility. In this paper, We designed intelligent wheelchair robot system for upper limb and lower extremities exercise/rehabilitation considering the characteristics of these severely disabled person. The system consists of an electric wheelchair, biometrics module for Identification characteristics of users, upper limb and lower extremities rehabilitation. In this paper, describes the design and configurations and of developed robot. Also, In order to verify the system function, conduct performance evaluation targeting non-disabled about risk context analysis with biomedical signal change and upper limb and lower extremities rehabilitation over wheelchair robot move. Consequently, it indicate sufficient tracking performance for rehabilitation as at about 86.7% average accuracy for risk context analysis and upper limb angle of 2.5 and lower extremities angle of 2.3 degrees maximum error range of joint angle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of upper extremity volume, pain, and range of motion after participation in thera-band exercises according to the hand grip type in patients with breast cancer with upper extremity edema. We also aimed to determine the most efficient type of grip. Methods : The subjects were 10 female patients diagnosed with stage 2 breast cancer who had stage 2 lymphedema. Randomly, 5 patients each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. For six weeks, the patients in both the experimental and control groups exercised daily. In both groups, manual lymph drainage was applied for 1 hour. Afterward, patients in the experimental group placed their hands in the thera-band ring and exercised with their fingers outstretched. Patients in the control group exercised while holding the thera-band ring with a finger. Both the experimental group and the control group underwent measurements of the circumference of the upper extremity, pain, and range of motion of the shoulder joint at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 before and after exercise. Results : The upper arm circumference decreased by more in the experimental group in all weeks than before than that in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference at 6 weeks. Compared with the difference between pre-exercise and 6 weeks post-exercise, the change in pain significantly decreased in the experimental group and showed a statistically significant difference. The shoulder range of motion increased in extension, external rotation, and internal rotation compared with that in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference. Although the operating range increased in flexion and abduction, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion : In this study, we found that thera-band exercises with an open-hand grip are more efficient than thera-band exercises with a closed-hand grip in edema reduction, pain, and range of motion. In addition, it was found that it was more effective to continue the thera-band exercises with open-hand grip extended for at least 6 weeks rather than for a short time.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

Ochrobactrum anthropi is a non-fermentative oxidative gram-negative bacillus that produces oxidase. Distinguishing a mixed culture with non-fermenting bacteria having a similar appearance and oxidase-positive is difficult, and there is a limit to accurate identification with a biochemical identification system. This paper proposes that the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Platform (MALDI-TOF) method is useful for classifying bacteria that are difficult to identify using biochemical testing methods. As a result of analyzing five cases of O. anthropi examined using MicroScan, it took 6.5 days to the final report, which was 3.5 days more than the 3.0 days of E. coli. The pus sample in patient 5 was a mixed infection with Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and it took 11.3 days because of multiple subculture and retests. Four patients were over 60 years old with an underlying disease, and the possibility of opportunistic and nosocomial infections could not be excluded. Among them, samples collected after 92 days of hospitalization were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Therefore, an examination using the MALDI-TOF method will be useful for the rapid and adequate treatment of patients with difficult identification, such as O. anthropi.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2010

The purposes of this study was to determine the effects of limited hyperextension at knee joint using Limited Motion Knee Brace on balance and walking in patients with hemiplegia. The subjects of this study were 20 post-stroke hemiplegic patients admitted. Subjects were randomly assigned to either experimental group (Limited Motion Knee Brace group) or control group (manual restriction group). Both groups received traditional physical therapy intervention. The effects of each therapeutic method were evaluated by measurements of gait ability assesment, Berg balance scale (BBS), 10-meter walk speed (10MWS), Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test. The results of this research were as followings: (1) After treatment, there were significant BBS scores differences in both experimental and control group compared with pre-treatment(p<0.05). (2) After treatment, there were significant TUG test scores differences in both experimental and control group compared with pre-treatment (p<0.05). (3) After treatment, there were significant 10MWS differences in both experimental and control group compared with pre-treatment (p<0.05). (4) There were significant BBS scores differences in third and fourth week between experimental and control group (p<0.05). It was concluded that Limited Motion Knee Brace was effective for improving balance and for reducing fatigue for experimental group. Therefore, further studies are required to investigate the effect of knee orthosis for improving balance and walking in patients with hemiplegia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.785-793
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• 2017

The guidelines for the district unit planning(DUP) of detached houses in the area of Misagangbyeon-City (MISA) do not consider the characteristics of the region. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the blocks and parking lots of the detached houses area. The research results can be summarized as follows: 1) Detailed design guidelines are provided for apartment homes in MISA, but not for detached houses. 2) Apartment home and multi-family house parking lot equivaluation calculations exist in the DUP guidelines, however there are no regulations related to detached houses and the problem of parking for these residents is worsening which causes tension. 3) The DUP guidelines stipulate that the outer wall material of multi-family houses must be glass, however this is a dangerous material for use on the first floor, because cars that park close to this wall. 4) There is a significant risk to elementary and kindergarten students who must walk along the road in the inner blocks where cars are driving quickly. 5) There are a number of issues involved when planning parking lots without considering the characteristics of the area. The local government uses the traditional parking lot codes without considering the current regional characteristics, whereas the number of cars has dramatically increased. 6) The pedestrian mall is not currently being used for pedestrians, because it is full of parked cars due to the lack of parking space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.306-318
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• 1995

To investigate the effect of low light intensities and the inoculation of Frankia and/or Alpova diplophloeus on the symbioses development and their host growth, red alder(Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings were grown in an air - filtered walk - in growth chamber with either $N_2$ - fixing Frankia inoculation or N - fertilization and live or dead spore inoculation of the ectomycorrhizal fungus A. diplophloeus(Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith. When they were 20 weeks old, the seedlings were grown under three levels of light intensities of 680, 320 and $220{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ PPFD(photosynthetic photon flux density) for three weeks. PPFD of 220 significantly decreased the development of A. diplophloeus mycorrhizae and nodules, the rates of $N_2$ - fixation and $CO_2$ exchange, and the growth of tile seedlings. PPFD 320 significantly decreased the $CO_2$ exchange rate only. Frankia inoculation significantly increased mycorrhiza formation and seedling growth. Alpova inoculation significantly increased seedling growth but not nodule development and $N_2$ - fixation. None of the symbionts affected $CO_2$ exchange rates. Frankia was more critical for seedling growth and mycorrhizal development than the mycorrhizal fungus for seedling growth and nodule development.