• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2013

In this study, lumped-vortex element method and thin airfoil theory were used to analyze aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils with relative motion that had camber lines of NACA $44{\times}{\times}$ airfoil in 2-dimensional unsteady incompressible potential flow. Velocity disturbance due to airfoil was calculated by lumped-vortex element model and force distribution on airfoil by unsteady Bernoulli's equation. Variables in relative motion were considered the period p, the amplitude of flapping $A_f$ and pitching $A_p$, and the phase difference between flapping and pitching ${\phi}_p$ and the angle of attack ${\alpha}$. Due to movement of an airfoil, dag was induced in 2-dimensional unsteady incompressible potential flow. The numerical results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil with flapping and pitching at the same time are illustrated. Especially the mean lift coefficient became smaller, but drag coefficient became larger.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.275-289
• /
• 2008

Large eddy simulations have been performed within and over different types of urban building arrays. This paper adopted three dimensionless parameters, building frontal area density (${\lambda}_f$) the variation degree of building height (${\sigma}_h$), and the staggered degree of building range ($r_s$), to study the systematic influence of building spacing, height and layout on wind and turbulent characteristics. The following results have been achieved: (1) As ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.25 to 0.18, the mean flow patterns transfer from "skimming" flow to "wake interference" flow, and as ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.06 to 0.04, the mean flow patterns transfer from "wake interference" flow to "isolated roughness" flow. With increasing ${\lambda}_f$, wind velocity within arrays increases, and the vortexes in front of low buildings would break, even disappear, whereas the vortexes in front of tall buildings would strengthen and expand. Tall buildings have greater disturbance on wind than low buildings do. (2) All the wind velocity profiles and the upstream profile converge at the height of 2.5H approximately. The decay of wind velocity within the building canopy was in positive correlation with ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$. If the height of building arrays is variable, Macdonald's wind velocity model should be modified through introducing ${\sigma}_h$, because wind velocity decreases at the upper layers of the canopy and increases at the lower layers of the canopy. (3) The maximum of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) always locates at 1.2 times as high as the buildings. TKE within the canopy decreases with increasing ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$ but the maximum of TKE are very close though ${\sigma}_h$ varies. (4) Wind velocity profile follows the logarithmic law approximately above the building canopy. The Zero-plane displacement $z_d$ heighten with increasing ${\lambda}_f$, whereas the maximum of and Roughness length $z_0$ occurs when ${\lambda}_f$ is about 0.14. $z_d$ and $z_0$ heighten linearly with ${\sigma}_h$ and $r_s$, If ${\sigma}_h$ is large enough, $z_d$ may become higher than the average height of buildings.

• 스마트미디어저널
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.176-186
• /
• 2020

농작물들의 크기와 형태는 매우 다양하며 생육 환경도 각기 다르다. 따라서 드론을 활용하여 농약을 살포할 때에는 각 농작물에 대한 재배 환경과 특성이 고려되어야 하며, 이에 따라 드론의 비행고도, 전진속도 등 비행 조건이 달라져야 한다. 실제로 비행 조건에 따라 농약의 액적 유동이 크게 영향을 받게 되며, 살포 영역에 큰 변화가 발생하고 이로 인해 불균일한 액적 분포가 후류에 형성되어 농약의 전달 효율성이 떨어질 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 비산에 대한 위험성이 존재하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 농업용 드론을 사용하여 특성이 다른 3가지 농작물을 선정하고 드론의 비행 조건을 각각 다르게 하여 농약을 살포했을 때 후류에서의 노즐 유동을 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였으며, 전달되는 액체의 비율을 확률 밀도 함수의 평균 제곱근을 나눈 새로운 성능지수를 이용하여 비교함으로써 작물의 특성에 따른 드론의 농약 살포 가이드라인을 구축하고자 한다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.914-924
• /
• 2003

The interaction and breakdown of vortices over the Leading Edge Extension (LEX) - Delta wing configuration has been investigated through wing-surface pressure measurements, the off-surface flow visualization, and 5-hole probe measurements of the wing wake section. The description focused on analyzing the interaction and the breakdown of vortices depending on the angle of attack and the sideslip angle. The Effect of angle of attack and sideslip angle on the aerodynamic load characteristics of the model is also presented. The sideslip angle was found to be a very influential parameter of the vortex flow over the LEX-delta wing configuration. The introduction of LEX vortex stabilized the vortex flow, and delayed the vortex breakdown up to a higher angle of attack. The vortex interaction and breakdown was promoted on the windward side, whereas it was suppressed on the leeward side.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.350-357
• /
• 1997

The transient incompressible flow behind the axisymmetric bluff body is numerically simulated using the random vortex method(RVM). Based on the vorticity formulation of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the Lagrangian approach with a stochastic simulation of diffusion using random walk technique is employed to account for the transport processes of the vortex elements. The numerical solutions for 2-dimensional recirculating flow behind a backward-facing step in the laminar range of Reynolds number are compared with experimental data. The present simulation focuses on the transitional flow regime where the recirculation zone behind the bluff body becomes highly unsteady and large-scale vortex eddies are shed from the bluff body wake due to intrinsic shear layer instabilities. The unsteady vertical flow structures and the mixing characteristics behind the bluff body are discussed in detail.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2014

The aerodynamic performance of a modified NACA64-418 with blunt trailing edges of irregular shape was investigated. As the trailing edge of the airfoil was thickened, the drag of the airfoil was increased due to development of a re-circulation bubble in the wake region. To reduce the drag of the airfoil with a blunt trailing edge, the optimum shape of the trailing edge for a modified NACA64-418 was investigated. The numerical results showed that the drag of the protruding shape was much more decreased than that of the retreating shape, but the lift was almost the same regardless of shape. In addition, the pitching moment of the modified NACA64-418 with a protruding sharp trailing edge was the smallest at the given angle of attack.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1418-1423
• /
• 2004

A parametric study on the interactions of two spheres aligned in the streamwise direction is carried out using an immersed boundary method. The numerical results for the case of single sphere for the range of Re ${\leq}$ 300 are in good agreement with other authors' experimental and numerical results currently available. Then, our main investigation is focused on identifying the change of the vortical structures in the presence of a nearby sphere aligned in the streamwise direction for the range Re ${\leq}$ 220. It turns out that significant changes in physical characteristics are noticed depending on how close the two spheres are. In this paper, not only quantitative changes in the key physical parameters such as the force coefficients, but also qualitative changes in vortex structures are reported and analyzed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1460-1465
• /
• 2004

Flow patterns around a rotating circular cylinder having square dimpled surface were visualized by the hydrogen bubble technique at velocity ratios from a=0 to 4.8 and Reynolds number of $Re=1.0{\times}10^{4}$. The wake region of the cylinder was reduced as the velocity ratios increase and was smaller than that of the smooth cylinder without dimples at the same velocity ratio. The hydrodynamic characteristics on the cylinder was investigated by measuring of lift and drag at velocity ratios from a=0 to 4.1 and Reynolds number from $Re=1.2{\times}10^{4}$ to $Re=2.0{\times}10^{4}$. As the velocity ratios increase, the average lift and drag coefficients were increased and at the same velocity ratio, the average lift was larger but the average drag was smaller than that of the smooth cylinder.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1139-1145
• /
• 2008

로터 블레이드의 구조변형을 포함한, 제자리 비행하는 로터 블레이드의 공력해석을 수행하였다. 와류포획능력을 향상시킨 전산유체 코드와 간단한 오일러-베르누이 보 모델에 기반을 둔 구조역학 방정식을 결합시켜 회전익 유동에 대한 연계 계산을 수행하였으며 계산결과 타당한 로터블레이드 구조변형 및 공력특성을 얻었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2003

A lot of research have been done so far in terms of traffic accident sequela, but most of them have stressed simply on physical treatments, resulting in less attention to the psychological ones. This is a case report of a patient with post-traumatic stress disorder. Although that is simply following in the wake of past therapy, we were experienced an improved case of post-traumatic stress disorder patient treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, mental therapeutics. This case effectively describes the characteristics of the post-traumatic stress disorder, and it also suggested one approach for the treatment of the disease. This report is for the better understanding of the disease, and also the search for the advanced treatments to it hereafter.