• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 1997

This study investigated the effect of weight control by using the commercial appetite suppressant ((-)-hydroxycitric acid(HCA) formula) and nutrition education on 72 obese women over a period of 8 weeks. During the study it conducted nutritional education for women to control their weight, thus analyzed their changes in anthropometric variables. All obese women were randomized in a double-blind method to consume either HCA(HCA group : experimental group) or placebo(placebo group : control group). Two groups were also divided randomly into 2 groups combined with commercial formula diet in 1 meal a day(HD group and PD group : HCA + gormula diet and placebo + formula diet) or not(HO group and conducted with 4 groups(HD, HO, PD, and PO group). All subjects were assigned to consume 800-1500kcal/d balanced diet which is 500kcal less than their usual energy requirement. To evaluate the effect of the weight control program, weight, percent of body fat, waist and hip circumferences, and 5 skinfold thickness were measured up to 5 times in all obese women. The mean weight of the subjects at the onset of the study was 76.5$\pm$10.6kg. The mean body mass index(BMI) wa 30.1$\pm$3.8 and it was in the upper 5 percentile of mean BMI of Korean women. At the end of the program, mean weight loss was 3.5kg after 2 weeks(p<0.001), and 5.8kg after 4 weeks(p<0.001). The waist, hip ratio(WHR) and skinfold thickness measurements of biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and abdominum showed significant reduction over the entire study period(p<0.05). These outcome were evaluated by effect of nutritional education and counselling. The reduction of % of body fat was significantly different among the 4 groups. Women who administrated HCA demonstrated more change in weight, BMI than the placebo group. There was also significant reduction in body composition (% of body fat, WHR, and skinfold thickness) than the other groups. The HD group which was administrated HCA combined with formula diet was more decreased than other groups. It showed that this program using commercial HCA and formula diet induced not only a change in weight but also a change in body composition. The outcome of this study suggests that HCA has a more effctive change on weight control which is carried out with nutritional education and counselling.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.630-638
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• 2011

This study was performed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density, anthropometric measurements, maternal factors and exercise in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained practitioner and the maternal factors of the 78 subjects in Gyeonggi-do were acquired by an interview questionnare. The BMD of the lumbar spine(L2~L4), femoral neck, Ward's triangles and trochanters were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The mean age of the premenopausal women was 45.23 years and that of the postmenopausal women whose ase of menopause was 49.37 years was 61.27 years. The age, waist and waist to hip ratio of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. BMD of the lumbar spine(L2~L4) in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women. Number of children and age at last delivery were significantly higher in postmenopausal women than those in premenopausal women. The BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of premenopausal women was positively correlated with weight, body mass index, waist and WHR and the BMDs of these two sites in postmenopausal women were positively correlated with height, and weight. In postmenopausal women, BMD of the lumbar spine was negatively correlated with duration time after menopause and BMD of the femoral neck was positively correlated with age at last delivery. These results suggest that it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight. Health management and education about performing more exercise are recommended for postmenopausal women to prevent osteoporosis.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare weight control behaviour, eating habits and health-related life habits according to the obesity degree by body fat percentage (%Fat) among middle-aged women. The subjects were 170 middle-aged women who lived Gunsan City, and they were assigned to one of the following groups based on their %Fat; normal weight group (18% - < 28%), overweight group (28% - < 33%) and obesity group (over 33%). The height, body weight, %Fat, the circumference of waist and hip of them were measured. Eating habits and health-related life habits were evaluated based on questionnaires. The results were as follows. Their weight, %Fat, body mass index (BMI), relative body weight (RBW), waist, hip, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in the obesity subjects when compared to the normal and overweight subjects. Self-perception for weight (p < 0.001), desire for weight control (p < 0.01), and reasons of weight control (p < 0.05) were different among three groups. The main skipped meal was breakfast (67.9%), reasons of skipping meals were different among three groups (p < 0.05), and main reasons were "lose one's appetite" and "have not enough time". Food habits score for each food was not significantly different among three groups, but eating the meal on thinking with food combination in normal group was higher than overweight and obesity group (p < 0.01). Correlation coefficients of food habits score and anthropometric measurements were that salty of food was negative and food habits scores were positive correlation for anthropometric measurements and obesity index (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001). Frequency of exercise and fitting exercise for body were different among three groups (p < 0.05). Obesity group was lower frequency of exercise than the other groups. Regular diet was positive correlation with food combination (p < 0.01), taking fish (p < 0.05), taking vegetables (p < 0.01), taking bean products (p < 0.01) and food habits score (p < 0.01), frequency of eating out and snacks were negative correlation with taking fruits and fishes. Therefore, proper nutritional education for middle-aged women in obesity group is recommended regular diet, good food habits and exercise. The middle-aged women must decrease the frequency of eating out, snack and the salty foods, and increase the fruits and vegetables. They must have healthy life styles for exercise, smoking, and drinking.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.694-704
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• 1997

This study was designed to assess the body fat distribution, and also to investigate the effects of body fat on glucose tolerance and on insulin secretion pattern by body mass index in offspring of parents with NIDDM. The subjects consisted of twenty parents with NIDDM who had been admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine or had been seen in the outpatient clinic at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University between February to March, 1995. Twenty offspring were randomly selected from forty six offspring of twenty parents with NIDDM. As a control group, twenty healthy people without a family history of diabetes mellitus were matched by sex, age and body mass index(BMI). The results are as follows : 1. Mean fasting serum glucose and insulin levels and insulin / glucose ratio were significantly greater in offspring than in the control subjects with BMI 25kg /㎡ in the offspring and in the BMI<25kg /㎡ control subjects (P<0.05). 2. The total glucose area and insulin area were significantly greater in both the offsping and the control subjects with BMI≥25kg /㎡ than in both the offspring and the control subjects with BMI<25 kg /㎡(P<0.05). 3. Upper body skinfold thickness, Waist hip ratio(WHR), serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride(TG), total dietary calorie intake and protein intake in both the offspring and the control subjects with BMI≥25kg /㎡ were greater than those with BMI<25kg /㎡(P<0.05). On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol in both the offspring and the control subjects with BMI≥25kg /㎡ was lower than those with BMI< 25kg /㎡(P<0.05). 4. The major variables influencing the total glucose area were subscapular skinfold thickness and WHR and the major variables influencing the total insulin area were suprailiac skinfold thickness, WHR, TG and free fatty acid. In the light of the results, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were affected by body mass index, Upper body fat, WHR and lipids(TG, Free fatty acid), it is implied that these are influencing factors on total glucose area and total insulin area. The identification of these factors might provide a useful tool to identify individuals at high risk of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, various nursing intervention programs to reduce obesity could be given to both the offspring of parents with NIDDM and to the obese healthy controls before diabetes mellitus develops.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2009

본 연구는 농촌지역 성인의 주요 식품 섭취 빈도와 혈압, 비만도, 허리/둔부 둘레비, 콜레스테롤과의 관계를 분석하고자 G군 소재 890명(남성 438명, 여성 452명)명을 조사대상으로 식품섭취 빈도 및 생리적 지수에 대한 조사를 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구대상자는 남자가 49.2%, 여자가 50.8% 이었고, 연령별로는 60세 이상이 39.7%이었다. 학력으로는 고졸 이상이 43.8%이었고, 결혼한 경우가 84.3%이었으며, 직업은 농업인 경우가 46.7% 이었다. 자신의 건강상태를 좋다고 인지한 경우는 31.9%이었고, 나쁘다고 인지한 경우는 21.9%이었다. 흡연자는 20.7%이었으며, 혈압상태는 고혈압전단계가 14.9%이었고, 고혈압인 경우가 12.1% 이었다. BMI는 25.0kg/$m^2$이상인 비만인 경우가 27.1%이었다. WHR은 남자인 경우는 0.90이상, 여자인 경우는 0.85이상으로 비만인 경우가 42.0%이었다. 콜레스테롤은 200mg/dl이하로 정상인 경우가 76.1%이었고, 201mg/dl를 넘는 경우가 23.9%이었다. 뇨당은 양성인 경우가 8.7%이었다. 연령을 보정하여 식품섭취 빈도와 생리적 지수와의 관계를 보면 혈압은 과일류(p=.003)를 자주섭취한 군이 혈압이 정상이었으며, BMI는 우유류(p=.045)를 자주 섭취한 군과 주류(p=.007)를 적게 섭취한 군이 BMI가 정상이었다. 허리/둔부 둘레비는 채소류(p=.046)와 우유류(p=.021)를 자주섭취한 군과 주류(p=.003)를 적게 섭취한 군이 정상이었고, 콜레스테롤은 곡류(p=.020), 두류(p=.039) 및 해조류(p=.007)를 자주 섭취한 군이 콜레스테롤 수치가 낮은 결과를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면 혈압은 과일류, BMI는 우유류와 주류, 허리/둔부 둘레비는 채소, 우유류 및 주류, 콜레스테롤은 곡류, 두류 및 해조류 섭취와 유의한 관련성을 보여 식생활 개선에 대한 인식을 높이고 개개인에게 맞춤식 건강 증진 사업을 전개해 나가는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the improvement effect of obesity by treatment with a developed low frequency electrical stimulation system. Thirty female in their 20's as an experiment subjects divided 3 groups(control, commercialized device, developed device) were treated with electrical stimulation on abdomen for 4 weeks. The body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), muscle strength, muscle(transverse abdominis(TrA), internal obliquus abdominis(IO), external obliquus abdominis(EO)), fat thickness and abdominal surface temperature were measured by electromyogram(EMG), ultrasound and digital infrared thermal image(DITI). In the result, the body weight and BMI were decreased. Subcutaneous abdominal fat were significantly reduced after 4 weeks. The muscle strength and TrA muscle thickness was increased 13.2%(p<0.05), and 35.5%, respectively. The fat thickness showed decrease in abdomen (p<0.05). Infrared measurement on abdominal surface temperature as a parameter of improvement in blood circulation was significantly increased(p<0.05). Therefore, the low frequency stimulation showed positive effects on parameters of the obesity improvement.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to obtain an understanding of the effect of regular exercise on obesity indices, the psychosocial wellbeing index, dietary factors and exercise regularity among 146 healthy mothers and 146 their daughters. "Mother" subjects were divided into two groups classified as regular exercise group(REG) and none exercise group(NEG). The exercise regularity of REG's daughters(30.8%) and of NEG's daughters (2.0%) was significantly different(p<0.001). The Obesity Indices(Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR) and Percentage of Ideal Body Weight(PIBW)) of NEG's daughters were significantly higher than those of REG's daughters(p<0.001). But the psychosocial wellbeing index was not significantly different between REG's daughters and NEG's daughters. Intake of total energy, protein, fat, Ca, niacin and Fe were significantly different(p<0.001) between REG's daughters and NEG's daughters. Especially, vitamin C intake of REG's daughters was significantly higher than that of NEG's daughters(p<0.001). The exercise regularity of mothers was mainly related with Obesity Indices and nutrient intake in their daughters. Therefore, it might be necessary to maintain exercise regularity to prevent obesity and diet related problems in mothers and their daughters.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible causal factors of obesity in women with child-bearing experiences in effects to provide optimal information for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity. Sventy one women with child-bearing experiences were divided into five groups based on the degree of obesity by BROCA method ; normal weight, overweight, and obesity which was further divided into three groups of light, moderate, and sever obesity. Various anthropomnetric measurements, overall eating habits, and dietery intakes were asessed for each groups. Out of eighteen anthropometric factors asociated with obesity, thirteen measurements were represented to be valid for the diagnosis of obesity. Body fat % which was analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance fatnee Analyzer were 24.765, 28.05%, and 29.85 for normal, overweight, and obesity group respectively. WHR(waister to hip ratio) or BMI(body mass index) widely used index was also resulted to be valid as a predictor of obesity. Waist circumference which represents abdominal fat mass showed a good correlatin with body fat%. The analysis of dietary intakes suggested that the overintakes of total calorie may not be the only causal factor of obesity, rather the amount of daily protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes or the physical activity level would be more closely related with the prevalence of obesity. Further investigation considering more variety of food composition of diet and the activity level involving larger number of subjects would be needed.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body composition on IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) of the elderly. This study consisted of male elder(n=50) and female elder(n=60). The average age of elder male and female was 73.79, 70.42 years. The data were analyzed with correlation test and regression test using SPSSWIN ver 10.1 and MINITAB program. Body composition was measured using InBody 3.0(seoul, korea) of Segmental Multifrequncy Bioelectical Impedance Analyzer technique. IADL was measured with Philadelphia Geriatric Center IADL. The result of this study were the following : A correlation of body composition between IADL. 1. Body composition of the elderly had effect on IADL. 1)The free fat mass(kg) and total body water(1) in Body composition of male elder had positive effect on IADL. 2)The WHR(waist-to-hip ratio %) in Body composition of male elder had negative effect on IADL.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, and glucose according to obesity degree by body fat percentage in female university students. Methods: A total of 231 subjects were participated between July and December 2010. The anthropometric measures and blood analyzer were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS 18.0. Results: Percentage of body fat (PBF)-defined obesity had higher prevalence than body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity. Weight, BMI, PBF, fat mass, Waist to hip ratio (WHR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obesity group were higher than normal group and Soft lean mass and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in obesity group were lower than normal group. There were significant correlations between PFB, SBP, DBP, Triglyceride (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and LDL. Conclusion: In conclusion, when screening for obesity in female university students, body fat should be considered. It is needed to develop obesity management program according to obesity degree and to identify the effectiveness.