• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the prevalence and specific risk factors in males aged 40-49 years with the coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity (CALSMO). METHODS: The current study analyzed the data obtained from a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 1,218 men who resided in the community and fell within the age range of 40 to 49 years. Multiple risk factors were examined: age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking habits, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels. All data were analyzed via complex sampling analysis. RESULTS: The coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity in males was 2.94% (95% CI: 2.06-4.17). The clinical risk factors were low height, high weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fast glucose (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The study identifies the prevalence and risk factors for CALSMO among adults in the community. These findings contribute to the existing literature on CALSMO and highlight potential risk factors associated with CALSMO development in males aged 40-49 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2024

PURPOSE: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity. This study examined the frequency of SO in young Korean females between 20 and 29 years of age. METHODS: The study involved 1,000 participants. The height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and smoking status were the research variables. The skeletal muscle mass index was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by the BMI. The ASM was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Complex sampling analysis and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A .74(.30-1.80) frequency of SO was observed. The statistically significant risk factors in females were height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Young Korean adults with SO have a .74(.30-1.80) frequency of occurrence that is linked to specific risk factors. Hence, primary care clinicians and health care professionals should consider these factors when patients require a referral for early detection and treatment. Healthcare professionals and clinicians can identify potential SO patients by acknowledging these risk factors.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.495-504
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• 2000

Objective : To assess the relationship and prevalence rate among hypertension, dyslipidemia and the four commenest anthropometric measurements for obesity(body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), waist circumference(WC) and body fat) in Korean adults. Methods : We studied the cross-sectional association of the anthropometric indicies and hypertension, dyslipidemia in 70 Korean adults. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ${\ge}160/95$mmHg and classification of JNC IV, Dyslipidemia were defined as total cholesterol ${\ge}200$ mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol ${le}35$ mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol ${\ge}160$ mg/dl, triglyceride ${\ge}200$ mg/dl. Infromations on life-style factors were obtained from personal interview. Results : BMI and WHR, BMI and WC, BMI and Fat(%), WHR and WC, WC and Fat(%) had high partial correlation coefficients after age adjustment. BMI and Systolic Blood Pressure had r=0.385 coefficients, WHR and HDL-cholesterol had r=-0.360 coefficients. All four anthropomtric indicies and hypertenstion groups by JNC IV classsification had signifiant differences in women, but only fat(%) and hypertension had significant difference in men. In women, in the relationship of four anthropomtric indicies and serum lipids, total cholesterol ${\ge}200$ mg/dl group with fat(%) had a signifiant difference for normal cholesterol group, and also the group of HDL-cholesterol ${\le}$ mg/dl with WC had significance. But in men, there were no significant differences in all anthropomtric indicies and serum lipids groups. Conclusions : Korean women are more significant than Korean men in the relationship between anthropometric indicies and serum lipids, or blood pressure. But this study's samples are small, so the results are some different with results of other studies. We should study more specifically about anthropometric indicies and serum lipids, anthropometric indicies and blood pressure with many samples.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

This study was done to investigate the association of blood clinical parameters and dietary intakes with serum adiponectin level. Athropometric measurement, dietary intakes, serum lipids and adiponectin levels were examined in 160 overweight and obese women. The subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin level. Weight, BMI, waist circumferences and waist/hip ratio of the highest quintile group were significantly lower than those of the lowest quintile group. Serum lipid analysis showed a significant higher level of TG, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, AI, and serum hs-CRP in the lowest quintile group. Similarly, correlation data also showed that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.01), waist circumferences (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p<0.01), systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05), AI (p < 0.01), Homa-IR (p < 0.01), hs-CRP (p < 0.05) and leptin (p < 0.05). Dietary intake data showed that protein intake was significantly lower in the highest quintile group compared to the lower quintile groups while intakes of vitamin C was significantly higher in highest quintile group after adjustment by BMI, waist and energy intake, In addition, the highest quintile group had higher fiber intakes than the lower quintile groups. These results might suggest that a diet high in fiber and vitamin C and low in protein for obese patients would better be recommended to improve adiponectin level. However, further research is needed to elucidate the association of dietary intakes or dietary patterns and serum adiponectin level.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2004

Background: Recently obesity has become a social problem in all over the world including Korea. It is known that obesity is closely related with cardiovascular disease. Many studies are carrying out in the relation between several obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), waist-circumference(WC), body fat percent and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Objective: This study was done in order to investigate correlation of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Method: We gathered totally 138 subjects who have taken health screening test in university hospital. With the exception of 40 abnormal cases on current illness and laboratory study, 98 healthy cases were analysed. We divided the groups as normal, overweight, obese group according to body mass index $(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$and investigated the relationship between obesity based on body mass index(BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors. And investigated the relationship between each cardiovascular risk factor and body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat percent. Results: With the exception of blood pressure, other lab data such as total cholesterol, triglycerid, glucose were significantly different between the three groups divided by body mass index$(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$. And Correlation coefficient of cardiovascular risk factors with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat precent were acquired. Conclusion: We have concluded that the body mass index and waist-hip ratio body fat precent were predictive factors cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Continuous lifting and carrying of babies constitutes a serious physical burden, leading to issues such as muscle fatigue and pain in child-care workers. However, there is a lack of research on the pressure and subjective comfort of baby carriers that are commercially available in the market. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the most comfortable and least burdensome type of baby carrier. This was done by analyzing muscle activity and pressure when subjects carried babies using three types of baby carriers. The types of baby carriers evaluated included a 'baby carrier of thin shoulder straps without back support band (X-type)', a 'baby carrier with a back-support band and without a hip sheet (H-type)', and a 'baby carrier with back support band and hip support (H-hip type). The subjective comfort of subjects wearing each type of baby carrier was investigated and compared to the objectively measured data. As a result, the X-type baby carrier showed the heaviest pressure on the shoulders and the subjective comfort was found to not be good. On the waist region, the H-type and H-hip type baby carriers showed significantly less muscle activation than the X-type baby carrier. However, subjects showed a stronger preference for the X-type baby carrier on the waist region, despite greater muscle activation. This appears to be because although the back-support band disperses the weight and thus improves physiological comfort; the wearers feel cramped and thus, lower their psychological comfort.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4394-4401
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of blood pressures and serum lipids, obesity indices in adults who examined health checkup. Study subjects were 2,734 adults of 20 years and over (1,344 males, 1,390 females), who underwent health package check-up at an university hospital during one year of 2012. We observed the age, sex, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, AI, BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference of study subjects after confirmed IRB of the hospital. As a results, TC, TG, AI was significantly higher in the group of hypertension than that of normotensive in both sex, but in only female, HDL-C and LDL-C was higher in the each group of normotensive and hypertension. BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference was significantly higher in the group of hypertension than that of normotensive in both sex. SBP and DBP was positive correlated with TC, TG, AI, BMI, body fat rate and waist circumference, but HDL-C and LDL-C was each correlated with positive and negative in female only. Age-adjusted odds ratio for hypertension by blood serum lipids and obesity indices was significantly increased in the group of abnormal than normal of TC, TG, BMI, but HDL-C and waist circumference was each increased in the abnormal group of female, and in the abnormal group of male. Above results suggested that the blood pressure related with serum lipid levels and obesity indices.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.455-461
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• 2006

Objectives : Prolongation of the heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have examined the relationship between the QTc interval and cardiovascular risk factors in young healthy people, The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the QTc interval and cardiovascular risk factors in young healthy adults. Methods : This study was performed as part of the Kangwha study, which started in 1986, and is an on-going follow-up study on blood pressure and related cardiovascular risk factors. In follow-up examinations during 2005, cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometrics, blood pressure, blood chemistry and carotid ultrasonography, were measured, and questionnaires on health behaviors completed by 127 men and 149 women aged 25 years. The QTc interval was measured on the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram using an automatic analysis program. Results : The mean QTc interval was significantly longer in women $(419{\pm}17ms)$ than in men $(405{\pm}17ms)$ (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the QTc interval and waist-hip ratio (p=0.030) in men. Women showed a positive correlation between the QTc interval and systolic blood pressure (p=0.017). On a multiple regression analysis, the QTc interval was positively associated with the waist-hip ratio in men (p=0.012) and with the systolic blood pressure (p=0.020) in women. Conclusions : In young healthy Korean adults, the QTc interval was independently associated with the waist-hip ratio in men and with the systolic blood pressure in women.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.161-168
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• 2022

In this study, a survey on the wearing satisfaction of commercial men's upper body correction underwear was conducted targeting mildly obese men in their twenties, and it was intended to suggest improvement points for the correction underwear. The product used for the study was Adapt's 95 PROBLEM, and 15 subjects were selected as males in their 20s with a BMI of 25-30 (mild obesity). As a result, men's awareness and interest in corrective underwear were low. In the wearing satisfaction survey, 74% of those who answered negatively that it was uncomfortable to wear and take off. In terms of pressure relief, 60% of those who felt the pressure was strong at the beginning, but as time passed, they got used to it and answered that there was no major inconvenience. However, with regard to digestion after a meal, 40% of the subjects felt that the pressure interfered with digestion. There were many deficiencies in terms of functionality, with more than half of those who responded negatively with regard to stuffiness and heat, and many negative opinions regarding sweat absorption and discharge. In the visual section, positive reaction was shown in chest, side waist and front waist correction, and among them, the front waist had the highest score. In conclusion, it seems that functional parts related to heat and sweat must be improved in consideration of the stuffiness and indigestion brought about by excessive pressure for men's upper body correction underwear.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Harnesses are used in a variety of industries, such as rescue operations, medicine, and entertainment. However, conventional harnesses have problems as they are uncomfortable to wear and causes continuous pain. Therefore, in this study, the load and pressure applied to the body in the flying state when using a conventional harness were measured in real time and the distribution change was observed. Load and pressure were measured using a modified corset harness, a pressure sensor, and a human mannequin to measure the maximum and average pressure on the waist. As a result, it was confirmed that the load concentrated on the waist in the flying state was 104 N, and the pressure was applied to the left and right sides was 800 kPa or greater. The pressure distribution showed a pressure of 3-45 kPa in 73% in all measurable pressures. The results of the load and pressure distribution are presented as basic data for improving the wearability and reducing the discomfort of harnesses in the future, aid in the development of a harnesses that can minimize discomfort for various activities, and increase the concentration on experiential activities. In addition, using the CLO 3D program, which is a 3D virtual wearing system, a harness was put on a virtual model, and the compression level was checked and compared with the actual pressure distribution. As a result of comparing the measured pressure values in the flying state with the clothing pressure wearing the harness in the CLO 3D program, the total pressure value was found to be about 68% of the actual measured value. This helps develop a harness that can minimize discomfort during activities by predicting the load and pressure on the body by first applying new designs to a virtual wearing system during development. These new harness patterns can solve the problems of conventional harnesses.