• 한방비만학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine what is useful index of abdominal visceral fat area among Korean obese adolescents. Methods : 35 obese adolescents who had visited Kirin Oriental Hospital from August 2004 to May 2006 were included in the study. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Abdominal visceral fat areas at L4-5 level were measured by computed tomography. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to sex. In each group, we investigated the correlation among waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio, obesity degree and abdominal visceral fat area and evaluated that which one of these kinds of indices is the most useful predictor for visceral fat area in Korean obese adolescents. Results : There were significant correlation between waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio and obesity index in both group. In boys waist/hip ratio had correlation with abdominal visceral fat area and in girls obesity index had significant correlation with abdominal visceral fat area. Conclusions : Our study suggests that waist/hip ratio in boys, obesity degree in girls can be a relatively good parameter for predicting abdominal visceral fat area.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.849-856
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• 2009

Truncal obesity associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome increase the likelihood of hypertension, various cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) experts recognized that it is necessary to develop the simple diagnostic tool which is applicable to diagnose truncal obesity worldwide, and proposed the method using a waist circumference but there is a limit to estimate subcutaneous fat distribution. However, waist line is also influenced by total fat capacity less than the intra abdominal fat. The more having severe obesity, the more correlation coefficient between waist line and intra abdominal fat is low. Therefore, this thesis defines a new abdominal impedance measurement position and impedance-index to analysis central obesity. This proposes the new model to estimate abdominal obesity using the abdominal impedance-index and CT images acquired fro 160 Korean subjects. The proposed model shows that the abdominal fat distribution has a higher correlation than waist line. (Adj R2=0.809, 0.667 and 0.687 with abdominal fat area, visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area respectively).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study experiments were performed during 6 weeks with 40 adults, 20 subjects in the waist stabilization exercise with blood flow restriction group and 20 subjects in the waist stabilization exercise without blood flow restriction group, in order to determine the impact of waist stabilization exercise on White Area Index (WAI) followed by blood flow restriction. Methods: Thickness of external oblique abdominal muscle, internal oblique abdominal muscle, and transversus abdominis muscle, as well as density and WAI of external oblique abdominal muscle were measured, followed by performance of repeated ANOVA. Results: Significant difference in thickness of external oblique abdominal muscle according to periodical difference was observed between groups (p<0.05). Significant difference in thickness of internal oblique abdominal muscle and transversus abdominis muscle according to periodical difference was observed between groups (p<0.05). Significant difference in density and WAI of external oblique abdominal muscle according to periodical difference was observed between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, significant difference was observed after waist stabilization exercise with blood flow restriction. These results can be used as basic data for future research on waist stabilization exercise and blood flow restriction exercise.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1018-1026
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• 2005

Recent development of 3D scanner and software is regarded as a promising method of acquiring replicas from human body indirectly. It would be very helpful if we could predict the characteristics of 2D pattern from the simple parameters related to 3D shape for ordinary user. Therefore, in this study, investigation of 2D pattern of waist/abdominal area from the 3D geometrical model was conducted for the pattern development of waist nipper. To create body models and develop the surface of them, one ortho commonly used CAD/CAM program, IDEAS(UGS-plm solutions, USA) was used. As for the size of the models, the width, thickness, and circumference ranges of adult women's torso reported in National Anthropometric Survey of Korea (1997) were used as a standard model. Seven size variations were made by changing the width of the waist only, from 19 cm to 40 cm. Therefore, simulated body models include not only the normal body but also obese body who has wider waist and abdomen width than hip width. As results, it was found that the curvature of the unfolded 2D pattern around the abdominal area decreases as the waist width increases. As the width of the waist increases more and more, so that the comparative ratios around the torso becomes in abnormal ranges, there appears inflection points and the direction of curvature was changed. 2D Patterns obtained in this research were quantified by curvature, length of the curve and angle of deflection in the reference frame box for the convenience of the actual pattern making process. It was also possible to find that the shape of patterns of abnormal body resulted in a quite interesting change in the curves of 2D pattern, which could be applied to the custom made waist nipper for obese women.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2016

Objectives The waist circumference has been known as an obesity index reflecting the visceral fat. This study was conducted to investigate the obesity index of what can be predicted visceral fat obesity. Methods 121 test subjects who have $BMI{\geq}30$ or BMI 27~29.9 with having more than one high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were gathered in the Gachon University Korean medical hospital. The relationship between obesity index, the abdominal fat area, and the metabolic syndrome component analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The obesity indices, that are largely used in clinics such as waist circumference (WC), HC (hip circumference), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Total fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous area (SFA) and visceral fat/subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) that was measured from CT. Results 1. Total fat area (TFA) was positively correlated WC, BMI, HC. 2. The subcutaneous fat area (SFA) was positively correlated HC, WC, BMI. 3. The visceral fat area (VFA) did not show a strong correlation with obesity indicators. Conclusions It was found indices of obesity and visceral fat area is a high correlation. BMI, WC was the obesity index showed a high correlation as the SFA, TFA.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the electroacupuncture therapy on abdominal fat deposit without diet, exercise and herbal medication. It was also designed to check the changes of free fatty acid in blood and catecholamine in urine to observe the mechanism of the electroacupuncture efficacy. Methods : 10 volunteers over 85 cm(male, 90 cm) in waist circumferences were recruited, and 10 electroacupuncture treatments were applied on their abdominal subcutaneous fat area for 4-5 weeks. We measured anthropometric factors, abdominal fat area with CT scanning, and the changes of free fatty acid in blood and catecholamine in urine before treatment and after the last treatment. Results : In this study, significant changes were shown in weight, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, body mass index and body fat percent after the electroacupuncture therapy. There were also significant decreases of visceral fat area, visceral/subcutaneous fat area ratio in CT scanning. The blood level of free fatty acid and the urine level of catecholamine were increased after treatments, but the changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions : This study showed the efficacy of the electroacupuncture therapy on the abdominal fat deposit. But significant changes couldn't be found out in free fatty acid and catecholamine. Further studies that compensate for the limitations of this study are required to confirm the mechanism of the electroacupuncture efficacy.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2016

폐경기 복부비만 환자 2명에게 2주 이내에 총 5회의 온열요법을 결합한 산삼비만약침 치료를 시행한 결과, 복부둘레의 감소를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2020

This helps plus-size consumers purchase ready-made clothes and improves fitness by analyzing the upper body shapes of abdomen-obese adult males; in addition, it creates a size system based on each size interval of obesity shapes. The criteria for the 572 male subjects surveyed were over 25 kg/㎡ of the BMI, over 90 cm of waist, and over 0.85 waist hip ratio. The results were as follows. First, the higher the age group, the higher the degree of abdominal obesity in each age group. The degree of obesity decreases age increase; however, was the risk of abdominal obesity increased. Second, Compared to standard body types, the average body size of Abdomen-obese males is significantly larger, especially in the waist area than in the chest area. Third, to propose a size system for abdominal obese adult males, 16 sections with a final 2% rate of appearance were finally adopted as suit-tops size system for abdominal obese adult males by applying a 3 cm dimension gap between each designation as specified in the KS standard. The coverage ratio for the 16 sections was 72.6% and the coverage effienciency was 4.5%. The results of this study can be used in a various clothes; in addition, the activation and segmentation of the plus-size market are also believed to be significant.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2020

본 연구는 중년여성들의 복부지방 과다 축적에 의해 발생하는 건강상의 문제들을 해결하는데 도움을 주고자 복부부위에 대한 기계적인 마사지 처치가 체성분, 허리둘레 및 복부지방면적의 감소에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. WHR 0.85 이상의 복부비만 중년여성 10명을 대상으로 1회 20~30분씩 1일 2회, 주 5일, 4주간 총 40회의 기계적 마사지 처치를 시행하였으며, 처치 전·후 각 변인의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 체중, 체지방율, 허리둘레, 내장지방 면적, 복부 피하지방 면적, 복부 총지방 면적 등 모든 측정항목에서 유의한 감소가 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 고려할 때 복부부위에 대한 기계적 마사지 처치는 복부비만 중년여성들의 복부지방 감소에 도움을 주는 효율적인 방법이며, 나아가 복부지방으로 인해 야기되는 다양한 심혈관계 질환 및 대사성 질환의 예방과 치료에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to show the effect of electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture on abdominal obesity without patient dieting, exercise or use of herbal medication. Methods : Women over 85 cm in waist circumference were treated with electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture. Acupuncture points were located at the abdomen ($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $ST_{21}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$), extremities ($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) and were stimulated 30 minutes with 2.1~3 Gaus, 500 Hz, tolerable strength. The Interference wave forms were by Whata 153 (Medi Lab, Korea). Two or three treatment sessions per week (five or ten sessions in total) were done. Before treatment, and after the last treatment, we measured waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, visceral fat area, free fat mass, body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass. We also measured the subcutaneous temperature of the abdomen($CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$, $CV_6$) by using digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI). Results : In this study, significant reductions were shown in waist circumference, hip circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio and body fat mass. There were no significant differences in waist hip ratio, free fat mass or skeletal muscle mass. There were also significant increases of the subcutaneous temperature on $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$. Conclusions : From the above results, electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture might be an effective treatment for abdominal obesity.